PL P

• PL P

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GNU General Public License Communicating and bundling with non-GPL programs

1 The mere act of communicating with other programs does not, by itself, require all

software to be GPL; nor does distributing GPL software with non-GPL software.

However, minor conditions must be followed that ensures the rights of GPL software is

not restricted. The following is a quote from the gnu.org GPL FAQ, which describes to

what extent software is allowed to communicate with and be-bundled-with GPL

programs:https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 An "aggregate" consists of a number of separate programs, distributed together on the same CD-ROM or other media. The GPL

permits you to create and distribute an aggregate, even when the licenses of the

other software are non-free or GPL-incompatible. The only condition is that you

cannot release the aggregate under a license that prohibits users from exercising

rights that each program's individual license would grant them.



1 Where's the line between two separate programs, and one program with two parts? This is a legal question, which

ultimately judges will decide. We believe that a proper criterion depends both on the mechanism of communication (exec, pipes, rpc, function calls within a shared

address space, etc.) and the semantics of the communication (what kinds of

information are interchanged).



1 If the modules are included in the same executable file, they are

definitely combined in one program. If modules are designed to run linked together in a shared address space, that almost surely means combining

them into one program.



1 By contrast, pipes, sockets and command-line arguments are communication

mechanisms normally used between two separate programs. So when they are used for communication, the modules normally

are separate programs. But if the semantics of the communication are intimate enough,

exchanging complex internal data structures, that too could be a basis to

consider the two parts as combined into a larger program.



1 The FSF thus draws the line between "library" and "other program" via 1)

"complexity" and "intimacy" of information exchange, and 2)

mechanism (rather than semantics), but resigns that the question is not

clear-cut and that in complex situations, case law will need to

decide.


SIGPLAN - Most Influential POPL Paper Award

1 2010 (for 2000): Anytime, Anywhere: Modal Logics for Mobile Ambients,

Luca Cardelli and Andrew D. Gordon



1 2008 (for 1998): From System F to Typed Assembly Language, Greg

Morrisett, David Walker, Karl Crary, and Neal Glew



1 2007 (for 1997): Proof-carrying Code, George

Necula



1 2005 (for 1995): A Language with

Distributed Scope, Luca Cardelli



1 2004 (for 1994): Implementation of the Typed Call-by-Value lambda-

calculus using a Stack of Regions, Mads Tofte and Jean-Pierre Talpin



1 2003 (for 1993): Imperative functional programming, Simon Peyton Jones and Philip

Wadler


Third-party logistics - Types of 3PL providers

1 Third-party logistics providers include freight forwarders, courier

companies, as well as other companies integrating offering

subcontracted logistics and transportation services.



1 Hertz and Alfredsson (2003) describe four categories of 3PL

providers:



1 * Standard 3PL Provider: this is the most basic form of a 3PL provider. They would perform activities such

as, Pick and Pack|pick and pack, warehousing, and distribution

(business) – the most basic functions of logistics. For a majority of these firms, the 3PL function is not their

main activity.



1 * Service Developer: this type of 3PL provider will offer their customers

advanced value-added services such as: tracking and tracing, cross-docking, specific packaging, or

providing a unique security system. A solid IT foundation and a focus on economies of scale and scope will enable this type of 3PL provider to

perform these types of tasks.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 * The Customer Adapter: this type of 3PL provider comes in at the request of the customer and essentially takes

over complete control of the company's logistics activities. The 3PL provider improves the logistics dramatically, but do not develop a new service. The customer base for this type of 3PL provider is typically

quite small.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 * The Customer Developer: this is the highest level that a 3PL provider can attain with respect to its processes and activities. This occurs when the

3PL provider integrates itself with the customer and takes over their entire logistics function. These providers will have few customers, but will

perform extensive and detailed tasks for them. Martin Murray, about.com


GPL2 - Communicating and bundling with non-GPL programs

1 The FSF thus draws the line between library and other program via 1)

complexity and intimacy of information exchange, and 2)

mechanism (rather than semantics), but resigns that the question is not

clear-cut and that in complex situations, case law will need to

decide.


XPL Protocol

1 'xPL' is an open protocol intended to permit the control and monitoring of home

automation devices. The primary design goal of xPL is to provide a rich set of

features and functionality, whilst maintaining an elegant, uncomplicated

message structure. The protocol includes complete discovery and auto-configuration

capabilities which support a fully plug-n-play architecture - essential to ensure a

good end-user experience.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

XPL Protocol

1 xPL benefits from a strongly specified message structure, required to

ensure that xPL-enabled devices from different vendors are able to communicate without the risk of

incompatibilities.


XPL Protocol

1 Communications between xPL applications on a Local Area Network (LAN) use User Datagram Protocol|

UDP on port List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers|

3865.


XPL Protocol

1 xPL development has primarily occurred in the DIY community,

where users have written connecting software to existing protocols and devices. Some examples include

bridges to other home automation protocols like Z-Wave and Universal powerline bus|UPB. Commercially,

the Logitech SqueezeCenter software for the Squeezebox (network music player)|Squeezebox supports xPL.


XPL Protocol - Architecture

1 Different devices communicate using xPL within a local

network.



1 [https://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-

names-port-numbers.txt IANA registered UDP port] 3865



1 there is a need for a hub forwarding the messages to all devices on the same

machine.



1 The devices register to the hub on a private UDP port and the hub then forwards all incoming message to

these private ports.


XPL Protocol - HUB

1 A hub is the first xPL component required

on a machine running xPL devices.


XPL Protocol - HUB

1 All devices send a [http://xplproject.org.uk/wiki/index.php?title=Schema_-_HBEAT heartbeat message] to the hub on a regular

basis (typically 5 minutes).


XPL Protocol - HUB

1 When disconnecting, they also can send a special heartbeat end

message for the hub to radiate them out of his list.


XPL Protocol - HUB

1 The hub [http://xplproject.org.uk/wiki/index.ph

p?title=XPL_hubs_specification forwards all messages] to every

device in its list.


XPL Protocol - HUB

1 There is no filtering of messages: a blind redistribution of all messages is carried out.


XPL Protocol - XPL device

1 Applications add functionality to a home automation solution such as light control, sun rise/set, weather

information and so on.



1 A device chooses a free UDP port and sends heartbeat messages from that port to the hub

on the



1 From that time, the devices listens for messages on its private port but sends messages as broadcast on the

xPL port 3865.



1 The [http://xplproject.org.uk/wiki/index.php?title=XPL_Specification_Document

message types] are one of the following:



1 * trigger, used to notify a change in a device's

state



1 An extensive list of [http://xplproject.org.uk/wiki/index.php?title=Applications applications] can

be downloaded from the net.



1 [http://xplproject.org.uk/wiki/index.php?title=Development_Tools Tooklits] are also provided for users

wishing to develop their own devices.


XPL Protocol - Bridge

1 It is assumed that your Communications protocol|network protocol is Internet protocol suite|UDP/IP but this is by no means a

requirement.


XPL Protocol - Bridge

1 If you wish for your XPL message to cross from one transport medium to another (UDP/IP to RS-232|RS232 for

example) then you will need a Bridge.


XPL Protocol - XPLHAL

1 This is the brains of the XPL solution.



1 Device configuration is performed here, meaning this is a critical

component for the xPL environment.



1 Scripted rules (called Determinators) that act on events (xPL or other) is a

very handy feature delivered by XPLHAL.


XPL Protocol - Transmission media

1 The xPL protocol can operate over a variety of transmission media, including Ethernet, RS232 and

RS485.


XPL Protocol - Ethernet

1 All xPL devices broadcast their messages over User Datagram

Protocol|UDP, on [http://www.iana.org/assignments/por

t-numbers IANA registered port] 3865.



1 But, as only one application can listen at a time to a given port, the

xPL protocol uses a hub to retransmit all broadcast messages to the

different applications on the same machine.



1 The applications subscribe to the hub on a free port by sending hearbeat messages which specifies the port

they are listening to.



1 In turn, the hub forwards all xPL broadcast messages it receives to every application in

his list.


XPL Protocol - Message Structure

1 * The header block, inside curly braces,

containing:



1 ** hop=n, the hop count which is incremented each time the xPL

message is transferred from one physical network to another



1 ** source=vendor_id-device_id.instance_id, which serves to identify the sender of the

message



1 * The message body, inside curly braces, containing

name=value pairs



1 This is the case for tigger and status

messages.


XPL Protocol - Message Schema

1 xPL uses [http://xplproject.org.uk/wiki/index.ph

p?title=XPL_Message_Schema well defined message schemas] to ensure

that applications from different vendors can interact sensibly.

Message Schemas are extensible, and define not only the elements

which should be present in a message, but also the order in which

they appear.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

XPL Protocol - Message Schema

1 All of the existing message schemas can be found on the

[http://xplproject.org.uk/wiki/ xPL project home page].


Third party logistics - Important issues to think about, before contracting with a 3PL provider

1 First you have to know about your own logistics

costs



1 This fit is more important than the pure cost savings, like a survey of 3Pl

providers shows clearly: The customer orientation in form of

adaptability to changing customer needs, reliability and the flexibility of

third party logistics provider were mentioned as much more important than pure cost savings.Leahy, S.; P



1 Closely entangled together with the point of customer orientation is the point of a 3PL’s specialization. The special requirements of the own company should be flow into the

decision which 3PL is the right one to choose. Experts often suggest firms to choose 3Pl providers with roots in

the same area of logistics as the department that shall be outsourced.



1 But 3Pl providers tend to shed clients efficiency consciously by preferring

their own assets in order to maximize their own efficiency


List of football clubs in Greater Manchester - Northern Premier League Premier Division|NPL Premier Division

1 *Ashton United F.C.|Ashton United



1 *F.C. United of Manchester



1 *Ramsbottom United F.C.|Ramsbottom United


RPL programming language

1 The 'RPL programming language' (RPL meaning 'read-only memory|ROM-based

procedural language' following Hewlett-Packard or, alternatively, 'Reverse Polish notation|

Reverse Polish Lisp programming language|LISP') is a calculator|handheld calculator system and application programming language used on Hewlett-Packard's engineering graphing reverse Polish notation|RPN calculators of the HP-28, HP-48, HP-49 and HP-50 series, but it is also usable

on non-RPN calculators, such as the HP-39 series. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 RPL is a structured programming language based on RPN but equally capable of processing infix notation|algebraic expressions and formulae, implemented as a Threaded code|

threaded interpreter.http://www.hpcalc.org/hp4

8/docs/programming/rpl3.txt RPL has many similarities to Forth

(programming language)|Forth, both languages being stack-oriented

programming language|stack-based, and of course the list-based LISP



1 RPL originated from HP's Corvallis, Oregon development facility in 1984 as a replacement for the previous practice of implementing the operating systems of calculators in assembly language.http://www.hpcalc.org/hp48/docs/programming/rplman.zip According to a quote by Dr. William Wickes, one of the original RPL

developers, the development team never calls it anything but (the initials)

RPL.http://www.faqs.org/faqs/hp/hp48-faq/part2/


RPL programming language - Variants

1 The UserRPL command SYSEVAL tells the calculator to process designated

parts of a UserRPL program as SysRPL code.


RPL programming language - Control blocks

1 RPL control blocks are not strictly postfix. Although there are some

notable exceptions, the control block structures appear as they would in a

standard infix language. The calculator manages this by allowing the implementation of these blocks to skip ahead in the program stream

as necessary.


RPL programming language - IF/THEN/ELSE/END

1 RPL supports basic conditional testing through the IF/THEN/ELSE structure. The basic syntax of this

block is:



1 IF condition THEN if-true [ELSE if-false] END



1 The following example tests to see if the number at the bottom of the

stack is 1 and, if so, replaces it with Equal to one:


RPL programming language - « IF 1

1 The IF construct evaluates the condition then tests the bottom of the stack for the result. As a result RPL can optionally support FORTH-

style IF blocks, allowing the condition to be determined before the block. By leaving the condition empty, the

IF statement will not make any changes to the stack during the

condition execution and will use the existing result at the bottom of the

stack for the test:


RPL programming language - « 1

1 IF THEN Equal to one END »


RPL programming language - IFT/IFTE

1 Postfix conditional testing may be accomplished by using the IFT (if-

then) and IFTE (if-then-else) functions.



1 IFT and IFTE pop two or three commands off the stack,

respectively. The topmost value is evaluated as a boolean and, if true, the second topmost value is pushed

back on the stack. IFTE allows a third else value that will be pushed back on the stack if the boolean is

false.



1 The following example uses the IFT function to pop an object from the

bottom of the stack and, if it is equal to 1, replaces it with One:



1 The following example uses the IFTE function to pop an object from the

bottom of the stack and, if it is equal to 1, replaces it with One. If it does not equal 1, it replaces it with the

string Not one:



1 IFT and IFTE will evaluate a program block given as one of its arguments,

allowing a more compact form of conditional logic than an

IF/THEN/ELSE/END structure. The following example pops an object from the bottom of the stack, and

replaces it with One, Less, or More, depending on whether it is equal to,

less than, or greater than 1.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

RPL programming language - CASE/THEN/END

1 To support more complex conditional logic, RPL provides the

CASE/THEN/END structure for handling multiple exclusive tests.

Only one of the branches within the CASE statement will be executed. The basic syntax of this block is:


RPL programming language - CASE/THEN/END

1 The following code illustrates the use of a CASE/THEN/END block. Given a letter at the bottom of the stack, it replaces it with its string equivalent

or Unknown letter:


RPL programming language - DUP G

1 This code is identical to the following nested IF/THEN/ELSE/END block equivalent:


RPL programming language - FOR/NEXT

1 The following example uses the FOR loop to sum the numbers from 1 to 10. The index variable of the FOR

loop is I:


RPL programming language - FOR/NEXT

1 I + @ Add I to the running total


RPL programming language - START/NEXT

1 The START/NEXT block is used for a simple block that runs from a start index to an end index. Unlike the

FOR/NEXT loop, the looping variable is not available. The syntax of the

START/NEXT block is:


RPL programming language - FOR/STEP and START/STEP

1 Both FOR/NEXT and START/NEXT support a user-defined step increment. By replacing the

terminating NEXT keyword with an increment and the STEP keyword, the loop variable will be incremented or decremented by a different value

than the default of +1. For instance, the following loop steps back from 10 to 2 by decrementing the loop index

by 2:https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

RPL programming language - WHILE/REPEAT/END

1 The WHILE/REPEAT/END block in RPL supports an indefinite loop with the

condition test at the start of the loop. The syntax of the

WHILE/REPEAT/END block is:


RPL programming language - DO/UNTIL/END

1 The DO/UNTIL/END block in RPL supports an indefinite loop with the

condition test at the end of the loop. The syntax of the DO/UNTIL/END

block is:


RPL programming language - DO/UNTIL/END

1 DO loop_statement UNTIL condition END


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