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Ping and traceroute demonstration
Skills: Use Ping and Traceroute and Query the Whois database
IT concepts: network transit time, router hops, IP registration database, the Internet as a network of networks, backbone network
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License.
Network connection and display characteristics
• Internet concepts– Applications– Technology (connectivity)– Implications for
• Individuals• Organizations• Society
• Internet skills– Application development – Content creation
• Text• Images• Audio• Video
Ping and traceroute
• Ping– measure the time for a packet to travel to a
remote host and back– The server sends back an acknowledgment
when the packet arrives
• Traceroute– list the router hops between the client host
and a remote host.– The IP address and domain name (if there is
one) of each router is returned to the client
Ping clients
• Windows comes with a Ping client• It has a command line interface, not a
graphical user interface• It is run from a DOS command line
window
For more on command line versus graphical user interfaces see:http://bpastudio.csudh.edu/fac/lpress//471/hout/misc/guivcli.htm
Open a command line window
Start > Run
Command line prompt (>) with a blinking cursor
DOS is ready for an operating system command or execution of a program – type the command or program name
The prompt shows the current directory
Ping command line
Program name
Remote host domain name
Ping results
1
3
4
2
1. The command to ping www.pepperdine.edu four times
2. The replies took between 36 and 38 milliseconds
3. No packets were lost
4. The average ping time was 37 milliseconds
Prefixes for small quantities
Prefix Meaning Fraction
Deci One tenth 1/10
Centi One hundredth 1/100
Milli One thousandth 1/1,000
Micro One millionth 1/1,000,000
Nano One billionth 1/1,000,000,000
Pico One trillionth 1/1,000,000,000,000
After these prefixes come femto, atto, zepto, and yocto, each 1,000 times smaller than the previous.
A windows Ping client
Traceroute command line
Program name
Remote host domain name
Note the abbreviated program name tracert – early DOS was limited to 8-character file names.
Traceroute results
Hop 1: my home LAN routerHops 2-7: Verizon (my ISP) networkHops 8-10: the Yahoo LAN
How do I know the IP address 130.81.17.229 and 130.81.14.98
belong to Verizon?
Query the Whois database for the owner of 130.81.x.x
OrgName: Verizon Internet Services Inc. OrgID: VRISAddress: 1880 Campus Commons DrCity: RestonStateProv: VAPostalCode: 20191Country: USNetRange: 130.81.0.0 - 130.81.255.255
http://www.dnstools.com
A longer route
Hop 1: my home LAN routerHops 2-4: Verizon (my ISP) network (a backbone ISP)Hops 5-6: Alternet (a backbone ISP)Hops 7-11: Level 3 (a backbone ISP)Hops 12-14: the Google LAN
Request timed out
This message indicates that the router security settings keep it from revealing its identity or the router and connection are slow.