PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ALKALOIDS OF XYLOPIA FERRUGINEA

NORWAHIDA ZAMANI

Final Year Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science (Hons*) Applied Chemistry In the Faculty of Applied Sciences

Universiti Teknologi MARA

May 2009

This Final Year Project Report entitled "Phytochemical Study of alkaloid of Xylopia ferruginea" was submitted by Norwahida Zamani, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Hons.) Applied Chemistry, in the Faculty of Applied Sciences, and was approved by

M fyhJL^ Pn. Faridahanim Jaafar

Supervisor B. Sc. (Hons.) Applied Chemistry

Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA

40450 Shah Alam Selangor

Cik. Satffinal M.yahya Project Coordinator B. Sc. (Hons.) Applied Chemistry Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA 40450 Shah Alam Selangor

Dr. Yusairy Mohd Head of Programme B. Sc. (Hons.) Applied Chemistry Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA 40450 Shah Alam Selangor

Date:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah, the most Beneficient, the most Merciful. Alhamdulillah, this study

was finally completed.

Sincere gratitude is extended to Pn.Faridahanim bt. Jaafar, my project supervisor, who

gave me a lot of guidance and suggestions during the completion of this project and who

has made this project possible.

Special thanks also goes to Dr.Yusairy Mohd, Head of programme, Bachelor (Hons.)

Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Univeriti Teknologi MARA, for the

guidance and encouragement throughout this programme.

I also would like to thank all the laboratory assistance; PnJulia, En.Nordin, En.Ram

hairi, En.Khairul, Pn.Aida and others for their assistance for making this project

successful.

Above all, I would like to specially dedicate this project to my beloved parents who

always assisted me in their own way, giving me courage, morale support, love and

understanding during this programme.

Finally, I wish to record my sincere gratitude and appreciation to the faculty of Applied

Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA for giving me permission to use available

facilities.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

LIST OF TABLES vi

LIST OF FIGURES vii

ABSTRACT viii

ABSTRAK ix

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4

2.1 ANNONACEAE FAMILY 4

2.2 XYLOPIA SPECIES 6

2.2.1 Xylopia ferruginea 6

2.3 ALKALOIDS 8

2.3.1. Definition of Alkaloids 8

2.3.2. Occurrence 10

2.3.3. Function of Alkaloids in Plants 10

2.3.4. Pharmaceutical Importance of Alkaloid 11

2.3.5. Classification of Alkaloids 12

2.3.6 Alkaloids of Annonaceae 14

2.3.6.1 Isoquinoline alkaloid 14

2.3.6.2 Aporphine alkaloids 16

2.3.6.3 Oxoaporphine alkaloids 17

2.4 ALKALOIDS OF THE XYLOPIA SPECIES 19

2.5 REVIEW OF THE PAPER ON THE STUDY OF THE 20

ALKALOID

OF XYLOPIA GENUS (ANNONACEAE)

2.5.1 Xylopia ferruginea 20

2.6 SUMMARY OF THE ALKALOIDS ISOLATED FROM OTHER 23

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ABSTRACT

PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ALKALOIDS OF XYLOPIA FERRUGINEA

139 fractions of the ethyl acetate crude extract of Xylopia ferruginea were analyzed fortheir alkaloidal content. The 139 crude fractions were monitored using conventionalmethod of thin layer chromatography (TLC). Two fractions (fractions 28 and 29) gavethe best separation and were found to have the same profile based on their spots' Rfvalue. Fractions 28 and 29 separated into three spots each and the three spots havingsame Rr value of 0.38, 0.49 and 0.58 respectively. Fractions 28 and 29 also give positiveresult of Dragendorff's test by forming red-orange spot after spraying with the reagent.Both fractions were combined and purified using preparative thin layer chromatography(preparative TLC) and then analyzed using IH NMR. The deduced alkaloid found to be anew substituted oxoaporphine alkaloid which employ similar splitting pattern withliriodenine. The deduced alkaloid is possibly a dihydroxy-methoxy-substitutedliriodenine.

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