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Physics 2 - Class XII

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  • 8/18/2019 Physics 2 - Class XII

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  • 8/18/2019 Physics 2 - Class XII

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    CONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTS

    F F F F F OREWORDOREWORDOREWORDOREWORDOREWORD   v 

    PPPPPREFACEREFACEREFACEREFACEREFACE   vii 

    CHAPTER NINECHAPTER NINECHAPTER NINECHAPTER NINECHAPTER NINE

    R R R R R  AY  AY  AY  AY  AY  OOOOOPTICSPTICSPTICSPTICSPTICS  AND AND AND AND AND OOOOOPTICAL PTICAL PTICAL PTICAL PTICAL  IIIIINSTRUMENTSNSTRUMENTSNSTRUMENTSNSTRUMENTSNSTRUMENTS

    9.19.19.19.19.1 Introduction 309

    9.29.29.29.29.2 Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors 310

    9.39.39.39.39.3 Refraction 316

    9.49.49.49.49.4 Total Internal Reflection 319

    9.59.59.59.59.5 Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by Lenses 323

    9.69.69.69.69.6 Refraction through a Prism 330

    9.79.79.79.79.7 Dispersion by a Prism 332

    9.89.89.89.89.8 Some Natural Phenomena due to Sunlight 333

    9.99.99.99.99.9 Optical Instruments 335

    CHAPTER TENCHAPTER TENCHAPTER TENCHAPTER TENCHAPTER TEN

     W  W  W  W  W  AVE AVE AVE AVE AVE OOOOOPTICSPTICSPTICSPTICSPTICS

    10.110.110.110.110.1 Introduction 351

    10.210.210.210.210.2 Huygens Principle 353

    10.310.310.310.310.3 Refraction and reflection of plane waves using Huygens Principle 355

    10.410.410.410.410.4 Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves 360

    10.510.510.510.510.5 Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment 362

    10.610.610.610.610.6 Diffraction 367

    10.710.710.710.710.7 Polarisation 376

    CHAPTER ELEVENCHAPTER ELEVENCHAPTER ELEVENCHAPTER ELEVENCHAPTER ELEVENDDDDDUAL UAL UAL UAL UAL  NNNNN ATURE ATURE ATURE ATURE ATURE OF OF OF OF OF  R R R R R  ADIATION ADIATION ADIATION ADIATION ADIATION  AND AND AND AND AND MMMMM ATTER  ATTER  ATTER  ATTER  ATTER 

    11.111.111.111.111.1 Introduction 386

    11.211.211.211.211.2 Electron Emission 387

    11.311.311.311.311.3 Photoelectric Effect 388

    11.411.411.411.411.4 Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect 389

    11.511.511.511.511.5 Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light 393

    11.611.611.611.611.6 Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation 393

    11.711.711.711.711.7 Particle Nature of Light: The Photon 395

    11.811.811.811.811.8 Wave Nature of Matter 39811.911.911.911.911.9 Davisson and Germer Experiment 403

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  • 8/18/2019 Physics 2 - Class XII

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    CHAPTER TWELVECHAPTER TWELVECHAPTER TWELVECHAPTER TWELVECHAPTER TWELVE

     A  A  A  A  A  TOMS TOMS TOMS TOMS TOMS

    12.112.112.112.112.1 Introduction 414

    12.212.212.212.212.2 Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom 415

    12.312.312.312.312.3 Atomic Spectra 420

    12.412.412.412.412.4 Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom 422

    12.512.512.512.512.5 The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom 428

    12.612.612.612.612.6 DE Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation 430

    CHAPTER THIRTEENCHAPTER THIRTEENCHAPTER THIRTEENCHAPTER THIRTEENCHAPTER THIRTEEN

    NNNNNUCLEIUCLEIUCLEIUCLEIUCLEI

    13.113.113.113.113.1 Introduction 43813.213.213.213.213.2 Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus 438

    13.313.313.313.313.3 Size of the Nucleus 441

    13.513.513.513.513.5 Nuclear Force 445

    13.613.613.613.613.6 Radioactivity 446

    13.713.713.713.713.7 Nuclear Energy 451

    CHAPTER FOURTEENCHAPTER FOURTEENCHAPTER FOURTEENCHAPTER FOURTEENCHAPTER FOURTEEN

    SSSSSEMICONDUCTOR EMICONDUCTOR EMICONDUCTOR EMICONDUCTOR EMICONDUCTOR  EEEEELECTRONLECTRONLECTRONLECTRONLECTRONICICICICICSSSSS: M: M: M: M: M ATERIALS ATERIALS ATERIALS ATERIALS ATERIALS,,,,, DEVICESDEVICESDEVICESDEVICESDEVICES  AND AND AND AND AND SIMPLESIMPLESIMPLESIMPLESIMPLE CIRCUITSCIRCUITSCIRCUITSCIRCUITSCIRCUITS

    14.114.114.114.114.1 Introduction 467

    14.214.214.214.214.2 Classification of Metals, Conductors and Semiconductors 468

    14.314.314.314.314.3 Intrinsic Semiconductor 472

    14.414.414.414.414.4 Extrinsic Semiconductor 474

    14.514.514.514.514.5 p-n Junction 478

    14.614.614.614.614.6 Semiconductor diode 479

    14.714.714.714.714.7 Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier 483

    14.814.814.814.814.8 Special Purpose p-n Junction Diodes 485

    14.914.914.914.914.9 Junction Transistor 490

    14.1014.1014.1014.1014.10 Digital Electronics and Logic Gates 501

    14.1114.1114.1114.1114.11 Integrated Circuits 505

    CHAPTER FIFTEENCHAPTER FIFTEENCHAPTER FIFTEENCHAPTER FIFTEENCHAPTER FIFTEEN

    CCCCCOMMUNICATIONOMMUNICATIONOMMUNICATIONOMMUNICATIONOMMUNICATION SSSSS YSTEMS YSTEMS YSTEMS YSTEMS YSTEMS

    15.115.115.115.115.1 Introduction 513

    15.215.215.215.215.2 Elements of a Communication System 513

    15.315.315.315.315.3 Basic Terminology Used in Electronic Communication Systems 515

    15.415.415.415.415.4 Bandwidth of Signals 517

    15.515.515.515.515.5 Bandwidth of Transmission Medium 518

    15.615.615.615.615.6 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves 519

     xiv 

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  • 8/18/2019 Physics 2 - Class XII

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    15.715.715.715.715.7 Modulation and its Necessity 522

    15.815.815.815.815.8 Amplitude Modulation 524

    15.915.915.915.915.9 Production of Amplitude Modulated Wave 52515.1015.1015.1015.1015.10 Detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave 526

     ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 528

     APPENDICES APPENDICES APPENDICES APPENDICES APPENDICES 532

     ANSWERS ANSWERS ANSWERS ANSWERS ANSWERS 534

    BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY 552

    INDEX INDEX INDEX INDEX INDEX 554

     xv 

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