Physical Development of Toddler

8/6/2019 Physical Development of Toddler

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PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TODDLER

Introduction:

Giving birth to a child is one of the most critical yet an exciting part of being parents,especially if its your first time experience. It is the responsibility of the babys parents to give

them a full of attention and a hands-on care. This topic is written to help you as a future parent to

acknowledge the physical changes that may occur during the toddler period of the baby.

Most parents recall the first hours and days after birth as crystal clean images surrounded by

haze. It is in the haze that you first take in your baby and make a big jump from pregnancy to

parenting. Your awareness of your babys dependency and your desire to be a good parent will

together be a great source of energy and a great source of stress; both are part of being a parent.

Becoming a good parent means much more than knowing a lot about babies. Ask pediatric

doctors or nurses what it was like for them to be a new parents. They will tell you that all their

knowledge about babies was not enough to keep them from being over whelmed by their own

babies. All new parents feel the same way. All new parents work at knowing, understanding and

loving their babies. Your baby will work just as hard at learning to know, understand and love

you. This is the process of attachment. The work that parents and babies do together to form a

deep and lasting love. It is what becoming a family all is about.


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Objectives:

y After the discussion, the learners are expected to identify properly the different kinds ofdevelopment and change that happening during the toddler period of the babies.

y After the discussion, the learners should be able to understand the babys behaviorsduring their toddlers stages.

y After the discussion, the learners should be able to illustrate the different abilities of thetoddlers using their activity toys.

Discussion:

How time flies, your baby is now officially a toddler. The next year is going to be action packed,

as baby learns to walk, learns to talk, tests his limits, explore his world. Your babys growth rate

may slow down as he approaches his second year. In his excitement, his appetite may also

decline as his activity increases. You will notice that your little one is growing up.

The growth spurt that your toddler went through during her first twelve months has tapered off

now. All of her growing will be slow but steady now until she is a teenager. Her arms and legs

are still short compared to her head and trunk, but they will become more proportionate over the

next several months. Her body is still quite fleshy and soft but as she becomes more active and

her ability to walk increases, she will start to build up the muscles in her body.

Most toddlers take their first shaky steps between nine and 12 months. Since their legs lack

sturdy muscles, their steps tend to be more wobbly and uneasy. As their legs become more

muscular, their walk will become more steady and firm, allowing them to explore with morefreedom than ever before.

As your toddlers gross motor skills improve, he will learn how to crawl up and down the stairs

as well as how to throw things. This new talent will provide him with lots of entertainment as he

watches mommy pick up the thrown object and over and over again.

The mountaineer in your son will also be exposed as he learns how to climb. And climb he will:

out of his crib, out of his high chair, onto the kitchen counter (what else could those drawers

possibly be there for than to assist his climbing?) and anything else that seems even remotely

scalable. You can safely encourage his newfound climbing ability at home by having a smallindoor slide that he can climb on. Or make a large pile of nice soft pillows and pretend that the

two of you are climbing Mount Everest. If hes really insistent on climbing, you may even want

to enroll him in a toddler tumbler class.

Along with the climbing, you will also be able to notice the improved coordination and balance

your toddler has as he walks backwards and bends over to pick up an object. By 18 months, his


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crawling up the stairs will have evolved into walking up those stairs, although a little help from

you or the banister will still be necessary.

Along with the development of your toddlers gross motor skills, her fine motor skills will have

improved enough to allow her to properly hold smaller objects. While shell be able to properly

pick up a crayon now, she will still hold it in her little fist when she is coloring.

By the time she is 18 months, her fine motor skills will have improved enough to allow her to

place or remove small objects into or out of containers. This means she can help pick up her toys

once she has dumped them out of the toy box.

Physical development:

15 months- Walks alone; crawls upstairs- Makes a line with crayon- Follows simple commands- May name a familiar object (e.g ball)

18 months

- Runs stiffly- Walks up stairs with one hand held- Speaks an average of 10 words; name pictures- Can identify one more parts of the body- Feeds self

24 months (2 years)

- Run well- Walks up and down stairs, one step at a time; jumps- Puts 3 words together (subject, verb, object)- Often tells about immediate experiences- Listen to stories when shown pictures.-

Signs that toodler may not be developing on time:

By 13 months, your toddle

- Is unable to squat while playing

- Has troubles climbing on and off a small chair

- Is unable to eat using her fingers

By 15 months, your toddler

- Is unable to climb a chair in order to access an item

- Is incapable of raising himself from the floor on his own

- Has troubles holding a crayon properly and scribbling


- Is still not walking


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- Has troubles going down the stairs with assistance

- Is unable to hold a crayon and scribble

- Is unable to remove his own socks


- Is unable to turn thick book pages- Has troubles going up or down stairs while holding the handrail

- Is unable to kick a ball even when shown


- Is incapable of pushing a toy with wheels

- Has troubles running or using a spoon

- Is unable to kick a large ball when asked

- Won't try balancing on one foot

By 30 months, your toddler- Still requires assistance going up stairs when alternating feet

- Is unable to turn a page in a book

- Is unable to balance on one foot for a second

- Is incapable of pedaling a tricycle


- Still requires assistance going down stairs when alternating feet

- Is unable to balance on one foot for a few moments

- Is incapable of throwing overhand

- Is unable to wash and dry her hands- Is incapable of using scissors or refuses to try cutting with scissors

Immunization checklist:

Make sure your baby gets the following vaccines within his first to second year.

- Booster vaccines DPT, polio, HiB at 18 months- MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella)- Influenza vaccine (flu vaccine) against influenza (but is not effective against swine flu);

given annually starting at 2 years old

- Hepatitis AWhat to expect after an injection:

While vaccines are safe, like any medicine they do sometimes cause reasons. Mostly these are

mild local reactions (soreness or redness where the shot is given) or a low grade fever.


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PLAY ACTIVITY FOR TODDLERS

Toddlers thrive on playful activity. Playing games with toddlers is a crucial part of their social,emotional, physical and cognitive development. Just as importantly, play brings you and the

child closer and makes your time together both more memorable and more enjoyable. As a new

parent or novice childcare provider, however, you may not be sure how to play properly with aninfant or toddler, so it's important to take the time to familiarize yourself with some provenactivities.

1. Follow The Light

A flashlight can help develop an infant's cognitive skills. Darken the room yourinfant is in and turn on a flashlight. Move the light around in front of the child soshe can see it. Stop the flashlight's movement and use your free hand to point to

where the light has come to rest. Resume moving the light slowly, adding a vocalsound, such as a hum or buzz, to the movement, stopping the accompanying noise

when you stop the light's movement. Giggling and making facial gestures adds tothe fun and enhances the overall sensory stimulation for your infant.

2. Rolling The Ball

A soft, brightly colored ball can act as a tool for developing an

infant's tactile senses. Place your infant in a seated position and spread her legs

apart, forming a "V." If the infant can't sit up yet, just prop her up using pillowsand position her legs in a "V." Show the baby a colorful, soft ball -- about the size

of a tennis ball or a grapefruit -- holding it in your hand and moving it gentlyaround her face, hands and legs. Back away a foot or two, then slowly roll the ball

into the "V" formed by the infant's legs. Retrieve the ball each time and hold it upfor the baby to see and touch. Repeat the rolling process, backing up and

increasing the distance of the roll a little each time. Using vocal noises and goofy

facial expressions as the ball rolls can add to the fun and sensory stimulation.


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3. Marshmallow Drop

Tasty treats can make it easier to engage your toddler in motorskill development activities. Give your toddler a handful of mini-marshmallows,

explaining that they are not for eating yet. Lie down on your back directly underyour standing toddler. Place an empty ice cream cone in your mouth with the

narrow, closed end down and allow your toddler to drop marshmallows on youfrom above, seeing if he can get any into the cone as it stands in your mouth.

Trade places after a while and let your toddler experience the fun ofmarshmallows dropping on his face. If you have an older child available to help

demonstrate with you, which can make the game go more smoothly.

4. Clothes SwapPlace several articles of clothing from both your toddler's closet and yours into abasket. Take turns reaching into the basket and pulling out an article of clothing

and trying it on. When you get one of the child's articles, make a show of trying tofit into it while saying, "Too small or too big?" When you select an article of your

own, say "just right!" When the toddler puts on an adult article, smile and say,"Too big!" She may need your assistance in putting on the clothing, regardless of

its size.

TOYS FOR TODDLERS

Your toddler between ages 1 and 3 is an avid explorer. Toddlers exploration gives herknowledge, and knowledge leads to language. Your new walker will enjoy playing with riding

toys. Nesting cups will give his fist concepts of big, bigger, and biggest. Simple inset puzzleswith lift-out pieces or matching games will help to increase toddlers vocabulary and make his

first math discoveries. Building blocks, linking sets and lacing toys are among the favoritelearning toys for toddlers of this age. Between 2 and 3 is a big time for imaginary play: setting up

tea parties, cooking, playing cars, and other imaginative toys for toddlers. Our educational toysfor toddlers help you to introduce your eager learner to numbers, shapes, letters, colors and

words. Smart play sets, toddler activity toys and games, electronic toys for toddlers develop andimprove your toddler manipulative, thinking and social skills, coordination and creativity.

y Activity Toys for Toddlersy Toddler Electronic Toysy First Puzzlesy Crafts for Toddlersy Games for Toddlersy Learn to Dress Toysy Lacing Toysy Building Blocks


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y Shape Sortersy Stacking Toysy Sand and Water Toysy Bath Toysy Bead Maze Toys

CREATING TOY FOR TODDLER

One homemade craft that fits the bill is modeling clay you make from scratch. The ingredientsare always on hand, and unlike the commercial products, your child can be involved in theprocess from the get-go. He can dump the ingredients into the saucepan, he can choose the

colors, and he gets the satisfaction that comes from kneading the still-warm dough as it comesout of the pan.

Give it a Squeeze

There is something quite irresistible about homemade modeling clay. Teens and adults will notbe able to walk past a table with the colorful dough without giving it a squeeze or two. Arthritic

grandparents enjoy the feel of the fresh, warm dough on their achy hands, so make it whengrandparents come for a visit and invite them to play with your toddler. Don't be surprised if

playdate parents and grandparents swamp you with requests for this recipe.

As for color, the best results are obtained with a good quality icing color gel or paste, available in

better crafts or baking goods stores. The supermarket stuff is watery and the colors don't run true.The investment in icing colors is worth your while, since it is very concentrated and lasts for a

long time. The white icing color, which gives you a very true white, is always a hit. It's amazing

how pleasing plain white modeling clay can be to a toddler. They can make eggs, hens, bones,sheep, beds, pillows, and many other items with the white dough.

Edible and Safe

Homemade modeling clay is edible and safe. Just don't try to store it for too long, since it does

become moldy with time--a great excuse to make a new batch!

Homemade Modeling Clay

Ingredients:

1 cup flour

1/4 cup salt

2 Tablespoons cream of tartar

Icing color-enough to obtain a pleasing color


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1 Tablespoon vegetable oil

1 cup water

Here's how:

1) Mix the flour, salt, and cream of tartar in a medium sized pot

2) Add water, icing color, and oil

3) Stir over medium heat for about five minutes.

4) When the mixture forms a rough ball in the center of the pot, turn off the stove, and scrape thedough onto your plastic tablecloth covered table. When cool enough to handle, knead it several

times.

5) Store the dough in an airtight container or Ziploc bag and keep it in your fridge.

ALL TOYS for Young Toddlers

Children prefer action toys that produce movement or sounds by the child's own efforts

y toys need not he highly detailed but should be realistic looking.y toys should be lightweight for easy lifting and carryingy bright colors preferred.

In play, child always on the move - large muscle activities such as running, climbing dominate

over small muscle activities such as exploring objects constructing.

Child beginning to combine and put together objects.

Beginning of imitative play.

Toys should meet safety regulations for age

y sturdy, unbreakable, not likely to break into small pieces and strong enough for child tostand on or in.

y nontoxic materials.y no sharp points or edges.y too large to be lodged in windpipe, ears, nostrils.y no detachable small pans.y no parts that could pinch or entrap fingers, toes, hair.y not put together with easily exposed straight pins, sham wires, nails.y no electrical parts, unless supervised by adult.


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Active Play

Push and Pull Toys

y push toys with rods (rods with large handles on ends).y toys to push on floor-simple, sturdy with large wheels.y special noise and action effects.y for steady walkers, pull toys on strings (broad-based to tip less easily).

from about 1 1/2

y simple doll carriages.y wagons - low, open, big enough for child to get in.y small rocking horses - confined rocking arc, stout handles rather than reins knee height

on child,.push/pull toys filled with multiple objects.

Ride-On Toys

y ride-ons propelled by pushing with feet-no pedalsy stable ride-ons---4 or more wheels, wheels spaced wide apart, child's feet flat on floor

when seated.y ride-ons with storage bins.y ride-ons that make noise, look like animals

Manipulative Play

Construction Toys

y small lightweight stacking blocks (15-25 pieces).before 1 1/2 most interlocking mechanisms are too difficult

from around 1 1/2

y solid wooden unit blocks (20-40).y large hollow building blocks.y large plastic bricks (2-4 inches or 50- 100 mm) to press together

Puzzles

y simple pre-puzzles or form boards - 2-3 pieces each piece a familiar shape.from around 1 1/2

y 3-5 piece puzzles with knobs easier to use (knobs firmly attached).


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Pattern-Making Toys

y peg board with a few large pegs.Manipulative Toys

y activity boxes attached to crib or playpen or freestanding-simple action mechanisms(doors, lids, switches).

y hidden object toys.y simple pop-up toys operated by pushing a button or knob.y nesting cups-round shape few pieces.y simple stacking toys-few pieces no order necessary.y shape sorters-a few common shapes.

from around 1 1/2

y fit-together toys of about 5 piecesy activity boxes with more complex action mechanisms-turning knob or dial, turning

simple key.

y pounding/hammering toys.y nesting toys-square or other shapes.y stacking toys of 4-5 pieces.y simple matching toys.y simple number/counting boards (1-5) with large pegs.y simple lock boxes & lock/key toys.y jack-in-the-box toys (adult supervision if toys spring back quickly).y toys with screwing action (child can usually manage only 1 turn).

Dressing, Lacing, Stringing Toys

y large colored beads (fewer than 10) (All balls given to this age group should be at least 1-3/4 inches (44 mm) in diameter, however, any object appears to fit easily in the child'smouth, keep it away from the child.)

from around 1 1/2

y lacing cubes or board with thick blunt spindle.Sand and Water Play Toys

y simple floating toys-1 or 2 pieces, easy to grasp in one handy sponges small shovel and pail.

from around 1 1/2

y nesting tub toys


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y bathtub activity centersy funnels, colandersy small sandbox tools (rake should have blunt teeth)

Make-Believe Play

Dolls

y soft-bodied or all-rubber baby dolls.y simple dolls with no hair moving eyes, or movable limbs.y dolls to fit easily in child's arms, or small dolls (5-6 inches).y simple accessories for caretaking - bottle, blanket.y simple doll clothes, need not be detachable.

from around 1 1/2

ylarge peg people.

Stuffed Toys

y very soft lightweight easy to hold.y slender limbs on toys for easy grasp.y for safety reasons no whiskers, buttons, bow belts.

Puppets

y puppets operated by adult.from around 1 1/2

y small hand puppets sized to fit child's hand.y soft, plush puppets that double as stuffed toys.

Role-Play Materials

y toy telephone, full-length mirror.y simple housekeeping equipment.y simple doll equipment-carriage bud.

from around 1 1/2

y simple dress-ups, hats scarves, ties, shoes, jewelry.y role-play toys that can be pushed & make noise - mower, vacuum.y child-sized equipment, oven, fridge, sink, table, and chairs.

Play Scenes


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(All figures should be at least 1 1/4 inches (44 mm) in diameter, however if any object appears tofit easily in the child's mouth, keep it away from the child)

before 1 1/2

ychild may enjoy handling, carrying around figures.

from around 1 1/2

y familiar, realistic scenes - farm, airport, garage - not overly detailed pieces (4-6 pieces).y prefer scenes with moving parts or that make noise.

Transportation Toys

y lightweight vehicles of a size for easy handling (not too small) and with secure wheels.y push or pull cars and trains.y vehicles that make noise.y first train- 1-2 cars, no tracks ,simple or no coupling system.

from around 1 1/2

y more detailed vehicles -- doors, hoods that open.y trains with simple coupling system - large hooks, magnets.

CREATIVE PLAY

(arts, crafts, music)

Musical Instruments

y rhythm instruments operated by shaking enclosed bells and rattles.from around 1 1/2

y rhythm instruments, operated by banging - cymbals, drums, xylophones.Art and Craft Materials

y large crayons.y sturdy, large-size paper.

Audio-Visual Equipment

operated by adult

y tapes, records or CDs of nursery rhymes and rhythms.


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y hand-cranked music box, worked by child if crank is large and easy to turn.LEARNING PLAY

Games

y not suited to age groupSpecific Skill Development Toys

y not suited to age groupBooks and 'Peek-a-Boo' Books

y sturdy cloth plastic, cardboard books with few pages.y picture books, nursery rhymes stories with repetition.y books to be held and read by adult can be more fragile with paper pages.

from around 1 1/2

y touch-me or tactile books.

Documents

Physical Development of Toddler