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Photosynthesis Chapter 8
Chapter 8 study guide Review
1. Where does the energy that living things need come from (originally)?
The Sun
8-1 Energy and Life
2. What is an autotroph? Include an Example.
Autotrophs make their own food. Example: Plants
8-1 Energy and Life
3. What is a heterotroph?
Include an Example.
Heterotrophs obtain their energy from foods they consume. Example: Animals
Another example include decomposers- mushrooms.
8-1 Energy and Life
4. Energy comes in many forms including
light, heat, and electricity
And stored in
chemical compounds
8-1 Energy and Life
5. What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate
One of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy.
8-1 Energy and Life
6. What does ATP consist of?
Adenine, a 5 carbon sugar Ribose, and 3 phosphate groups
8-1 Energy and Life
7. What is the difference between ATP and ADP?
ATP has 3 phosphate groups (triphosphate)
ADP has 2 phosphate groups
(diphosphate)
8-1 Energy and Life
8. How is the energy stored in ATP released?
Simply by breaking the chemical bond between the second and third phosphates of ATP.
8-1 Energy and Life
9. Name two ways that cells use the energy provided by ATP:
Active transport, protein synthesis, muscle contraction
8-1 Energy and Life
10. Between glucose and ATP, which can store larger amounts of energy over a longer period of time?
Glucose stores 90x the chemical energy of ATP.
8-2 Photosynthesis: Overview
11. What is photosynthesis?
The process in which plants use the high energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy sugar and oxygen.
8-2 Photosynthesis: Overview
12. What did Van Helmont conclude through his experiment?
He concluded that most of the gain in mass had come from water because that was the only thing he added.
8-2 Photosynthesis: Overview
13. What did Priestley discover about photosynthesis?
Priestley discovered that a plant releases oxygen during photosynthesis.
8-2 Photosynthesis: Overview
14. What did the work of Jan Ingenhousz show?
Light is necessary for plants to produce oxygen.
8-2 Photosynthesis: Overview
15. What is the photosynthesis chemical equation and description?
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water yields (with light)
Glucose and oxygen
8-2 Photosynthesis: Overview
16. In addition to water and carbon dioxide, what does photosynthesis require?
light and chlorophyll
8-2 Photosynthesis: Overview
17. What is a pigment?
a light absorbing molecule
18. What is a plants principal pigment?
chlorophyll
8-2 Photosynthesis: Overview
19. How many types of chlorophyll are there?
2
chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b
8-2 Photosynthesis: Overview
20. Why do plants look green?
Chlorophyll does not absorb light well in the green region of the visible light spectrum.
Green light is reflected by leaves, which is why plants look green.
8-2 Photosynthesis Overview
21. Any compound that absorbs light also absorbs _________ from that light.
energy
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
22. Where does photosynthesis take place?
Inside the chloroplast
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
23. Describe the structure of the chloroplast:
The chloroplasts contain thylakoids, which are photosynthetic membranes. Thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as grana. Proteins in the thylakoid membrane organize chlorophyll and other pigments into clusters known as photosystems. The stroma is the space outside the thylakoid membrane.
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
24. What are the two main reactions of photosynthesis & where do they take place?
• Light dependent reactions- in the thylakoid membrane.
• Light independent (Calvin Cycle)- in the stroma
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
25. When sunlight excites electrons in chlorophyll, the electrons gain what?
Energy
What do these high energy electrons require?
A special carrier
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
26. What is a carrier molecule?
A compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them along with most of their energy to another molecule.
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
27. What job does NADP+ perform?
NADP+ accepts and holds 2 high energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion (H+). This converts NADP+ to NADPH.
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
28. What does NADPH do?
carry high energy electrons produced by light absorption in chlorophyll to chemical reactions elsewhere in the cell
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
29. The light dependent reactions uses energy from ___.
Light to produce ATP and NADPH.
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
30. The light dependent reactions produce ____ and convert ______ into the energy carriers _____.
Oxygen gas
ADP and NADP+
ATP and NADPH
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
31. When does photosynthesis begin?
When pigments in photosystem II absorb light
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
32. Why is the first photosystem called photosystem II?
It was discovered after photosystem I.
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
33. What carriers the high energy electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I?
the electron transport chain
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
34. Is NADPH created in photosystem II or photosystem I?
Photosystem I
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
35. Why are H+ ions important to photosynthesis?
The inside of the thylakoid membrane fills up with positively charged H+. This makes the outside negatively charged. The difference is charges across the membrane produces the energy to make ATP.
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
36. What protein allows H+ ions to cross the thylakoid membrane?
ATP synthase
What else does ATP synthase do during the light dependent reactions?
binds ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
37. Summarizing the light dependent reactions- the light dependent reactions use
water, ADP, and NADP+
And they produce
oxygen and 2 high energy compounds ATP and NADPH.
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
38. The Calvin Cycle is also known as what?
the light independent reactions
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
39. The Calvin Cycle uses
ATP and NADPH
From the light dependent reactions to produce
high energy sugars.
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
40. The Calvin Cycle uses
6
molecules of carbon dioxide to produce a single
6 carbon sugar molecule
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
41. What does the Calvin Cycle remove from the atmosphere?
carbon dioxide
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
42. Name 3 factors that affect photosynthesis and describe how:
* Availability of Water – shortage of water can slow/ stop photosynthesis
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
42 continued
* Temperature- above or below the optimum range may damage enzymes, slowing down the rate of photosynthesis. If temperature is too low, it may stop entirely.
8-3 Reactions of Photosynthesis
42 continued
* Intensity of Light- Increasing light can increase photosynthesis
EXIT TICKET
1.Which of the following is an autotroph? a. Mushroom b. Leopardc. Impalad. Tree
EXIT TICKET
2. One of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy is:
a. DNA
b. H2O
c. ATP
d. CO2
EXIT TICKET
3. In addition to light and chlorophyll, photosynthesis requires
a. water and oxygen
b. water and sugars
c. oxygen and carbon dioxide
d. carbon dioxide and water
EXIT TICKET
4. The leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll:
a. reflects blue light
b. absorbs blue light
c. reflects green light
d. absorbs green light
EXIT TICKET
5. The products of photosynthesis are
a. Sugars and carbon dioxide
b. Sugars and oxygen
c. Water and carbon dioxide
d. Water and oxygen
When the bell rings…
Turn in your Exit Ticket
Be sure to study tonight for the chapter 8 quiz TOMORROW