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Phonics. Objectives. Lesson 1: Introduction to phonics. Lesson 2 : Consonant clusters. Lesson 3 : Puzzling sounds. Lesson 4 : Syllables and word stress. Lesson 5 : Intonation. Phonics. Aims. To teach students the basic ideas about reading with phonics. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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PhonicsObjectivesObjectives
Lesson 4 :Lesson 4 : Syllables and word stress
Lesson 1:Lesson 1: Introduction to phonics
Lesson 3 :Lesson 3 : Puzzling sounds
Lesson 2 :Lesson 2 : Consonant clusters
LessonLesson 5 5 : : Intonation
AimsAims
1. To teach students the basic ideas about reading with phonics.
2. To show students that when they read with phonics, they can read words by saying the sounds that letters make.
3. To teach students how to read sight words. Sight word is a word that does not follow the normal phonic rules.
4. To show students how to use the dictionary to find the pronunciation of words.
Phonics
ObjectivesObjectives
Lesson 1 : Introduction to phonicsLesson 1 : Introduction to phonics
1. To help students learning the sounds made by the alphabets.
2. To teach short and long vowels.
3. To help students learning consonants.
Teaching methodTeaching method
1. PowerPoint slide presentation
2. Exercises and quizzes
Phonics
ObjectivesObjectives
Lesson 2 : Consonant clustersLesson 2 : Consonant clusters
1. To teach students the consonant clusters.
2. To help students learning double consonants, blends, digraphs.
Teaching methodTeaching method
1. PowerPoint slide presentation
2. Exercises and quizzes
Phonics
ObjectivesObjectives
Teaching methodTeaching method
1. PowerPoint slide presentation
2. Exercises and quizzes
Phonics
Lesson 3 : Puzzling soundsLesson 3 : Puzzling sounds
1. To teach students homophones.
2. To help students learning sounds of past tense endings, soft ‘c’ and ‘g’.
3. To help students learning ‘r’ as a vowel modifier.
ObjectivesObjectives
Teaching methodTeaching method
1. PowerPoint slide presentation
2. Exercises and quizzes
Phonics
Lesson 4 : SyllablesLesson 4 : Syllables
1. To teach students the syllables of words
2. To help students learning word stresses.
3. To show students how to use the dictionary to find the pronunciation of words.
ObjectivesObjectivesLesson 5 : IntonationLesson 5 : Intonation
1. To teach students the stresses in phrases or sentences.
2. To help students learning the stress rules.
3. To teach students how to read out sentences with correct stress patterns.
Teaching methodTeaching method
1. PowerPoint slide presentation
2. Exercises and quizzes
Phonics
LessonLesson OneOne
Introduction to PhonicsHello!Hello!
Phonics
PhonicsPhonics is the process of learning through the relationship between letters and combination of letters and the sounds that go with them.
helps you ‘sounding out’ new words.
Phonics approach
English has only 26 letters
5 written vowels: (母音 )
21 written consonants (子音 )
a, e, i, o, u
20 different vowel sounds
24 consonant sounds
But 44 different sounds
Difficult to read out English words because:
1. Single letter - different sounds
apple
always
aboutacorn
artist
Try to read out these words
2. Different letters –same sound
be police
tree quay
sea people
piece complete
seize key
Difficult to read out English words because:
VowelsShort vowels
a, e, i, o, u
These letters are called vowels. You can sometimes hear their sounds in the middle of words.
Trace the vowel sound in each word:
cat nest win
rock tub
a, e, i, o, ua, e, i, o, u
A E I O U
B _ g H _ n P _ n D _ t T _ b
R _ g P _ n T _ n F _ g M _ d
S _ t T _ n S _ p L _ t F _ n
P _ t S _ t Ch _ p St _ p B _ n
L _ p L _ t F _ g Ch _ p Cl _ b
Try it yourself…
a
a
a
a
a
e
e
e
e
e
i
i
i
i
i
o
o
o
o
o
u
oo
u
u
u
Put the short vowel sounds into these
words. Say the words.
Long vowels:
Sometimes the vowels ‘say their names’ i.e., they have the same sound as letters of the alphabet.
When they do this they are called LONG vowels.A : play, cage, way
E : see, feet, eat
I : pie, kite, try
O : rope, old, grow
U : tube suit, you
‘Magic e’
When ‘e’ is written at the end of a 3 letter word or a 4 letter word, the short vowel sound changes to a long vowel sound.
Short vowel
tap
pip
not
mat
bit
hop
Long vowel
tape
pipe
note
mate
bite
hope
A magic
!
AA EE II OO UU
B _ ke _ _ l T _ e Sn _ w M _ sic
St _ y F _ _ l F _ ve G _ o C _ be
M _ ke Tr _ _ Sl _ ce G _ es S _ it
L _ ke Ch _ _se P _ e Bl _ w R _ le
S _ y Wh _ _l Sl _ de T _ e P _ pil
Try it yourself…
a
a
a
a
a
Ee
ee
ee
ee
ee
i
i
i
i
i
o
o
o
o
o
u
u
u
u
u
Put the longlong vowel sounds into these
words.Say the words.
Single consonants and short vowels
Pattern Position Example
Single consonants Initial b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, q, p, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z
Short vowels Initial & middle a : apple bat
e : elephant pet
i : ink tin
o : orange pot
u : umbrella jug
Common Patterns ( I )
Consonant – vowel (c-v)
Vowel – consonant (v-c)
Example:
to go be do no
Example:
an at in it on up us
Consonant–vowel–consonant (c-v-c)
Rhyming words with different initial consonants
Example:
man can ran pan van fan
Common Patterns ( II )
Consonant–vowel–consonant (c-v-c)
Words with different final consonants
Example:
man mat mad map
Common Patterns ( III )
Consonant–vowel–consonant (c-v-c)
Words with different mid short vowels
Example: pan pen pin
Common Patterns ( IV )
Try yourselfTry yourself
Colour the vowels
If the word has a short vowel sound, colour the word red
page
tree
cupsad tiewent
so
pieleaf capteddy nose
If the word has a long vowel sound, colour the word green
page
tree
cupsad tiewent
so
pieleaf capteddy nose
Oral Practice – Tongue TwisterOral Practice – Tongue Twister
Betty Botter bought some butter,But, she said, the butter’s bitterIf I put it in my batterIt will make my batter bitterBut a bit of better butterWill make my batter better.
Betty Botter - I
Oral Practice – Tongue TwisterOral Practice – Tongue Twister
So she bought a bit of butter, Better than her bitter butter,And she put it in her batter,And the batter was not bitter.So it was better Betty Botter bought a bit of better butter.
Betty Botter - II
Oral Practice – RhymeOral Practice – Rhyme
Baa, baa, black sheep,Have you any wool?Yes, sir, yes, sir,Three bags full;One for the master,And one for the dame,And one for the little boyWho lives down the lane.
Baa, Baa, Black Sheep
LessonLesson TwoTwo
Phonics
Consonant Clusters
Consonant ClustersDouble consonants - two identical consonants which sound like a single consonant in the final position
L LL
Blends - two consonants ‘blended’ together to form a new sound
Consonant Clusters
bl bl
Digraphs - two letters joined together to form a new single sound which is quite different from their separate sounds
Consonant Clusters
ch ch
Pattern Position Example Words
Double Double consonantsconsonants
Final_bb _dd _gg _ll _ss _ff _zz and _ck
Pillpull bell bull
BlendsBlends Initial
bl_ cl_ fl_ gl_ pl_ sl_ br_ cr_ dr_ fr_ gr_ pr_ tr_ sc_ sk_ sl_ sm_ sn_ sp_ st_ sw_
flat drip step shop this
DigraphsDigraphs Initial ch, sh, th, ph, wh, qumuch must mush
Pattern Position Example Words
BlendsBlends
& &
DigraphsDigraphsFinal _sh, _ch, _st, sk, _sp, _st,
_th, _tch
lastlist
lost
‘ n’ and ‘m’
blends
Finals _nd, _nch, _ng, _nk, _mp, _nt
and band land
hand sand stand camp damplamp
stamp
Try it yourself!
Select the word that rhymes in
each group.
Exercise 1
tell
bell
sell
wellshell
fell
talltill
Double consonants
Answer 1
bell
sell
wellshell
fell
tell
Good!
Double consonants
Exercise 2
well
bill
mill
pillfill
hill
willwall
Double consonants
Answer 2
will
Well Done!
bill
mill
pillfill
hill
Double consonants
Exercise 3
sheep
bead
weed
needlead
feed
sell seed
Vowels
Answer 3
seed
Excellent!
bead
weed
needlead
feed
Vowels
Exercise 4
rod
bed
head
fedwed
said
ridred
Vowels
Answer 4
red
Bravo!
bed
head
fedwed
said
Vowels
DiscussionDiscussion
?
sail
??
?
Good Work!Now discuss with your classmates to find out words that rhyme with
‘sail’.
Which blend?Which blend?
Say out the word.Mark the blend at the beginning of
each word.
Which blend?Which blend?
sw st snpl sm tr sn st sw
stpl sn
star
plane
snake
sl bl spst gl dr cr sm dr
spgl dr
Which blend?Which blend?
spoon
glass dress
Which blend?
gl fr flcr sm pl
fr tr cr
cr
tr
fr
crayontrousers
frog
Which blend?
pl fr tr st br gr sm st trfr gr sm
flower
grapesmile
Blending riddle
Match the words that rhyme.
Blending riddle
where shoe
shop chin
chew there
then cheese
thin chop
these when
More sounds
Say out the word.Circle the blend at the finals of each
word.
friend
plant
old
went
cold
paintend
find
front
hold
band
want
ld nt nd
More sounds
nt nt nd nt
nt ld ndnd
ndld ld nt
ch and sh
Which begins with ch?
Which begins with sh?
chch and and shsh
chair ship
shop
church
chicken
chain
shoes
Finish the words
All of these words have ‘shsh’ or ‘chch’ in
them.Read the words. Fill
in the spaces.
Finish the words
_ _ est whi _ _ _ _ arp
pit _ _ ri _ _ _ _ in
_ _ eck bu_ _ _ _ ine
pat _ _ da _ _ wi _ _
di _ _ su _ _ _ _ ake
c h c h s h
c h c h c h
c h s h s h
s h s hc h
s h s h s h
Finish the words (Hints)
which
rich
such
chest
patchchin
chapatticheck
chatter
pitch
rush
shine
dash
shell
sheet
crash
bush
dish
shake
sharp
wishRead this words:
which
rich
such
chest
patchchin
chapatticheck
chatter
pitch
Sounds like …
Find out which object begins with
which sound.
Sounds like …
Trumpet
Truck
Tree
Train
Trousers
Triangle
Crane
Crab
Crown
Crayon
Crack cross
Cr Tr
Trumpet
Truck
Tree
Train
Trousers
Triangle
Which ones?Which ones?
Select pictures in each row that begin with the
sound.
Which ones?Which ones?
Blouse Blow
Flower Fly Flag
CloudClown
Clock
Plate Plant Plum
SlideSledge
Which ones blend?Which ones blend?
Find out which object begins with
which sound.
Prize PresentPram
Which ones blend?Which ones blend?
Bread Bridge
Drink Drum Dress
Grass Grape Grasshopper
Frog
Fruit
Frying-pan
Say the soundsSay the sounds
Find out which object begins with
which sound.
Say the soundsSay the sounds
SkateSkip Skirt
SmokeSmile Small
Snail SnowmanSnake
SpiderSpoon Spade
Star Stairs
Swimming Swing
Swan
You use me every day. You see me on your feet.I begin with the same sound in the words ‘show’, ‘short’ and ‘shone’.
Riddle 1Riddle 1
ShoesShoes
Riddle 2Riddle 2
You see me in the circus. I have a red round nose.I wear big, colourful clothes.I make children laugh.I begin with the same sound in the words ‘cloud’, ‘clean’ and ‘class’.
clownclown
Riddle 3Riddle 3
I am round. You use me when you eat.I begin with the same sound in the words ‘play’, ‘please’ and ‘place’.
Plate Plate
Riddle 4Riddle 4
I have four legs.You sit on me every day.I begin with the same sound in the words ‘church’, ‘cherry’ and ‘chop’.
ChairChair
LessonLesson ThreeThree
Phonics
Puzzling sounds
HomophonesWords that sound exactly the same, but have different meanings and different spellings.
Hello! Bonjour!
whole, hole You could dig the biggest hole in the whole world.
Homophones
bear, bareA bear might attack you when you walk through the forest with bare feet.
Homophones
paws, pause
The wet dog should pauseat the door to have his pawswiped.
Homophones
Solve these homophone clues:Solve these homophone clues:
1. You breathe it _ _ _ Something is left to him in a will _ _ _ _2. Read _ _ _ _ _ They let you do something , you’re _ _ _ _ _ _ _3. You did it at dinner yesterday _ _ _ It’s a number _ _ _ _ _4. You stop your bike with it _ _ _ _ _ If you drop an egg, it will _ _ _ _ _5. You pick it in the garden _ _ _ _ _ _ You make a cake with it _ _ _ _ _
1. You breathe it _ _ _ Something is left to him in a will _ _ _ _2. Read _ _ _ _ _ They let you do something , you’re _ _ _ _ _ _ _3. You did it at dinner yesterday _ _ _ It’s a number _ _ _ _ _4. You stop your bike with it _ _ _ _ _ If you drop an egg, it will _ _ _ _ _5. You pick it in the garden _ _ _ _ _ _ You make a cake with it _ _ _ _ _
airheir
aloud
allowedate
eightbrakebreak
flowerflour
Past tense endings
There are 3 ways to pronounce past tense ending ‘-ed’.
Ending
s, sh, k, p + ed
others + ed
t, d + ed
Sound
/t/
/d/
/id/
Example
wished, asked, hoped
played, rained
hated, ended
Past tense endings
/t/ sounde.g.
danced
1 syllable
/id/ sounde.g.
mended
2 syllables /d/ sounde.g. played
1 syllable
Some special sounds
‘‘soft’ soft’ cc (sounds like / (sounds like /ss/)/)
cent
city
pencil
ice
city
Some special sounds
‘soft’ g (sounds like /j/)
gentle
ginger cage
giant
change
Try it yourself!
‘g’ makes two
different sounds.
One is ‘g’ as in goose or
game. We call this
‘hard g’.
goose
game
goat
Try it yourself!
One is ‘g’ as in giant or
gem. We call this ‘soft g’. It sounds ‘j’.
gem
giraffegiant
‘r’ as a vowel modifier
when an ‘r’ comes after a vowel, the ‘r’ makes the vowel sound different
Pattern Position Example
R modifies short
vowels
All ar: car, arm, part, sharker: after, sisterir: birdur: burn
R modifies vowel blends
Final eer: deerear: near, tear(long)ear: wear, pear (short)air: hair, pair, fairare: care, dare, scare
Modification by w
Initial or sounds like: worm worldar sounds like: warm
Try it yourself!
a
i
a
i
o
o
carbird
stargirl
cornport
Each of the following words has an ‘r’ after a
vowel.Find the words.
LessonLesson FourFour
Phonics
Syllables and Word stress
English words break into sound units, or beats, which are called ‘syllables’.
Syllables
Every syllable contains at least one vowel.
SyllablesWe need to say words aloud to find out how many syllables they have.
We have to think about how they sound, not how they look.
SyllablesBreaking words into syllables will help us to work out how to spell them.
dic-ta-tion
d-i-c-t-a-t-i-o-n
1-1-syllablesyllable 2-2-syllablesyllable 3-3-syllablesyllable 4-4-syllablesyllable 5-5-syllablesyllable 6-6-syllablesyllable
I ago dictation composition communication responsibility
do father potato television supernatural Mediterranean
much letter understand comparison photosynthesis Encyclopaedia
small picture animal
spring potentiality
ExampleWhen nine thousand aliens landed in the school playground, our headteacher went wild.
When nine thou-sand a-li-ens lan-ded in the
school play-ground, our head-teach-er went
wild.
1 1 1 1
1 1
1
12
2 3 2
3
Try it yourself!Try it yourself!
Count the number of syllables in
each word.
Try it yourself!Try it yourself!
Spelling isn’t hard,
Once you know some of the tricks,
Divide the word into syllables,
That makes it easy.
2 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 2
2 3211
11 1 2
Good Work!
reliable
Word stress
dictation compositio
n
potato
absolutely
Listen to your teacher reading
these words
How many syllables do these words
have?
Which syllable is more loudly read by
your teacher?
Try it yourself!
letter college
compare school
happily discovery
Where are the stressed syllables?
Word with 2 syllables
The stress is on the first syllable if the word ends in:
-ic(s) music, physics, phonics
-ia Asia, Sonia
-(i)on nation, poison, season
-ior junior, senior
-ive passive, active
-ous famous, conscious
-ure picture, capture
Word with 2 syllables
-som(e) handsome, seldom
-le little, uncle, bible
-al medal, total
-e/ant moment, servant
-en garden, driven, kitten
-age passage, courage
-ry story, history
Continue…
The stress is on the first syllable if the word ends in:
Word with 2 syllables
The stress is on the last syllable if the word ends in:
-aim proclaim
-cur occur
-duce reduce
-eem esteem
-irm confirm
-ose oppose
Word with 2 syllables
-ume resume
-ide, -ite divide, decide, recite
-self himself
-ote promote
-ert insert
-ect/act react
Continue…
The stress is on the last syllable if the word ends in:
Word with 2 syllables
The stress is on different syllables when the word is in different forms:
Noun(Stress on the first Syllable)
Verb(Stress on the last syllable)
subject subject
record record
conduct conduct
object object
produce produce
contract contract
transfer transfer
Word with 2 syllables
Continue…
Adjective(Stress on the first syllable)
Verb(Stress on the last syllable)
present present
The stress is on different syllables when the word is in different forms:
Word with 2 or more syllables
Usually the third syllable from the end of the word is stressed.
possibility
innocent
popular
originparticl
e
representation
originality
publicity
Prefixes and stress
Prefixes will not change the word stress:
Word
form
rich
prison
cover
interpret
New word
reform
enrich
imprison
discover
misinterpret
Prefix
re-
en-
im-
dis-
mis-
Suffixes and stressSuffixes will not change the word stress:
Suffix
-ly
-ful
-dom
-less
-ness
-ment
-ism
-e/or
-ship
New word
happily
beautiful
kingdom, freedom
homeless
selfishness
appointment
heroism
visitor, uglier
scholarship
Word
happy
beauty
king, free
home
selfish
appoint
hero
visit, ugly
scholar
Say together
1. guaranTEE, overSEE, Can’t you SEE
2. howEVer, forEVer, Pull the LEver
3. underSTAND, comMAND, Play the BAND
4. ceLEbrity, comMUNity, Come PLAY with me.
Say the words andpay attention to the
stressed syllable.
LessonLesson FiveFive
Phonics
Intonation
IntonationSome words are stressed in a phrase or sentence because they give a rhythm or more important information.
Stressed
Intonation
Some words are stressed‘
Some words are stressed in a phrase or sentence because they give a rhythm or more important information.
Example:
Sentence stressSentence stress
e.g. Nouns, adjectives, action verb (walk, sit…), adverbs, number, question words and demonstratives (this, that…)
The witch is flying across the sky.
Rule Rule 11
The The STRESSEDSTRESSED words words The The CONTENTCONTENT words words
Example
The The UNSTRESSEDUNSTRESSED words are words are usually the usually the FUNCTION FUNCTION words.words.
The witch is flying across the
sky.
articles (a, an, the)
Pronouns (I, me, my)
Prepositions (at, by, for)
conjunction (and, so, but)
auxiliary verbs (have, had, has)
modals (may, can, might)
‘to be’ verbs (am, is, are)
Sentence stressSentence stress
Rule Rule 22
Stressed words are:
Longer, louder
and slightly higher in pitch than
unstressed words.
Sentence stressSentence stress
Rule Rule 33
2. run together with other unstressed words‘a lot of’ ‘alota’‘want to’ ‘wanna’‘have to’ ‘hafta’‘going to’ ‘gonna’
Sentence stressSentence stressRule Rule 44
Say unstressed words quickly enough:
1. reduced or made shorter with contractionsshe’ll, he’ll
Stress (or do not reduce) the final word of a sentence if it is a function word (of, to, with, for, me…)
Come PLAY with ME.
WHO is he GOing to SCHOOL WITH?
Sentence stressSentence stressRule Rule 55
Only stress on the same syllable as the word stress.
I’m going to the movie.
I’m GO-ING to the MOVIE.
I’m GOing to the movie.
going
Sentence stressSentence stress
Rule Rule 66
Try it yourself!
1. ANN and JIM were GOing to the Movies.
2. The PENcil is on the TAble.
3. She Always LIKES to WORK on her desk.
4. It’s a VERY Interesting STOry.
5. WHAT are you DOing?
Practise the sentence stress rules
Try it yourself!
6. What TIME did he GET to the STAtion?
7. Has the TRAIN already LEFT?
8. It’s NOT an EASY THING to remember.
9. WHAT do you THINK he is WAITing FOR?
10. WHO will you be GOing WITH?
Try it yourself!
1. Do you like to go camping?
2. Students need to study before a test.
3. My children are growing very quickly.
4. How long will it take to paint your house?
5. Who will you be going with?
Find out the content words stressed in
the sentence.
Try it yourself!
I’m glad to meet you, Carol. Welcome to XYZ Company. I’m glad you were hired for this position. We’ve been waiting for someone to fill this position for almost a month. You’ll be working with me in the Finance Department. I’m in charge of the daily records, so you’ll need to turn in your reports to me daily. If you have any questions, be sure to ask me. I’d be glad to answer them. Do you know who else you’ll be working with?
I’m glad to meet you, Carol. Welcome to XYZ Company. I’m glad you were hired for this position. We’ve been waiting for someone to fill this position for almost a month. You’ll be working with me in the Finance Department. I’m in charge of the daily records, so you’ll need to turn in your reports to me daily. If you have any questions, be sure to ask me. I’d be glad to answer them. Do you know who else you’ll be working with?
Practise saying the
conversation.