Phonetics… Sound Principles

Chapter 3

Clicker Test

I am ready for class to begin

By the End of this Unit…

You will be able to transcribe this:

Audio Ambiguity

I scream ~ Ice Cream Grade A The sun’s rays meet It’s hard to recognize speech

Sound Safari – I

Find ‘audio-ambiguity’ in the lyrics of a song.

Email me with: the title the lyrics with the ambiguity highlighted

what the words sound like to you what the words really are

a sound file (if possible) Choose I or II, or both for 1.5 total points…

Identical, but distinct

Write ‘rite’ ‘rait’

Boiling Springs Bowlin’ Spraings

Others?

Whaddya Think?

How many ways can we spell the “long e” ([i]) sound?

A. 1B. 3C. 5D. 7

Speech vs. Orthography

Did he believe Caesar could see the people seize the seas? Red Green Blue

You Tell Me: The silly amoeba stole the key to the machine

(identify the [i]’s)

Name One (at least) of…

The 4 ways [f] is spelled… The 6 ways “a” is pronounced Multiple letters making only one

sound <gh> in “enough” Find another…

Why so Many Discrepancies?

Developmental influences Old system Global language Phonological changes (next chapter) Variation in speech & writing

Whaddya Think?

The USA mandate a spelling system with a “one for one” correspondence between spoken & written words

Phonetics Defined

The branch of linguistics that studies the inventory and structure of the sounds of speech

Have U Read Yet…?

Which of the following is NOT a branch of Phonetics ?

A. Acoustic (how sounds are heard)B. Articulatory (how sounds are made)C. Computational (how sounds are

digitized)

D. All are branches of Phonetics

IPA Familiarize yourself

Charts inside the covers of the textbook

front (vowels) & back (consonants) Focus on American English sounds…

Looking Ahead…

Which of the following will you need to do with IPA symbols?

A. Produce each soundB. Identify sounds from descriptionC. Provide description of sounds D. Transcribe wordsE. All of the above

Any Questions…

…before we move on?

(…breathe, stretch, move around…)

Phonetic SafariUsing the words below, the illustration on page 82, and a mirror (if possible), identify where the consonant sounds in the words below are produced.

fee gee key kneelee me pea seeshe tea thee wee ye

2 lips top lip/ teeth/ hard smooth softbtm teeth tongue ridge slope spot

Where?

Phonetic Safari

2 lips top lip/ teeth/ hard smooth softbtm teeth tongue ridge slope spot

pea tea keyfee thee see she

geeme knee

leeye wee

What other words can you find for each ‘place of articulation’?

Also “he”…

Transcribe each word… The vowel for each is [i]

Place of Articulation

What are these? (try it without the chart first…)

Bilabial

(two lips together) Labiodental

(teeth meet lips) Interdental

(tongue between teeth) Alveolar

(tongue on Alv. Ridge) Alveolarpalatal

(tongue btn A.R. & palate) Velar

(back of tongue on velum) Glotttal

(epiglottis stops air flow)

A. Nasal Cavity

(nasal)

B. Soft Palate (Velum)

(velar)

C. Epiglottis

(glottal)

D. Vocal cords

(voicing)

E. Tongue – Back

(vowels)

F. Tongue – Front

(vowels)

G. Tongue – Tip

(vowels)

H. Teeth

(dental)

I. Lips

(labi-)

J. Alveolar Ridge

(alveo-)

K. Hard Palate

(palatal)

B

C

D

G

I

H

J

A

EF

Vocal Tract (for SAE sounds):

K

Be ready to identify these areas and talk about what sounds they produce.

Where Do We Articulate:

thine wine pine vine tine dine fine What’s

the difference

between “t

ine” & “d

ine”

Between “v

ine” & “fi

ne”

Voiced or Voiceless? Put your hands over your ears

OR on your larynx: [s] bus sip [z] buzz zip

thin tooth

these bathe

Except for ‘Approximates’, on the chartthe 1st line = voiceless, 2nd line = voiced

What other words can

you find where voiced & voicelessmakes a

difference in meaning?

IPA Familiarize yourself

Charts inside the covers of the textbook

front (vowels) & back (consonants)

Be able to: Produce each sound Identify sounds from description Provide description of sounds Transcribe words

Fill in the IPA Symbols…

She sees oranges and apples

What’s the difference?

Pronounce each of the following [p] & [t] [t] & [k] [k] & [g]

[ f ] & [ h ] [ l ] & [ j ]

Consonants (inside the back cover)

Manners of Articulation

Places of Articulation Chart follows the mouth – front to

back…

Approximates

Manner of Articulation

Find words for each…

What are these? (try it without the chart first…)

Stop (stops air flow) Nasal (air into nasal

cavity) Fricative (air barely

escapes) Affricate (stop + fricative) Approximate (almost a vowel…)

Get Some Exercise

Find Place & Manner for What’re the IPA symbols for these sounds:

Voiced interdental fricative Glottal fricative Voiceless alveopalatal affricate High front tense vowel

How can the following sounds be categorized?

Any Questions…

…before we move on?

(…breathe, stretch, move around…)

Vowel Matters

Try it yourself: Say “key” then “caw”

Try not to move your tongue… Does it sound normal?

Vowels

Tongue

Lips

Nasalization

Diphthongs

Vowel Chart

Do It Together Based on someone’s pronunciation,

transcribe the vowels in these words. Which pairs have the same vowel?

back [ ] sat [ ]cot [ ] caught [ ]ooze [ ] deuce [ ]mouse [ ] cow [ ]hide [ ] height [ ]

Challenge: Transcribe the whole word for one column or both…

Transcription Practice

Using the charts in your textbook, transcribe your name & the name of a person next to you….

Small Group Practice As a group, transcribe these words.

play chance dreadcrazy shout bathjust yes ringbridge five toymast then taste

Sample Transcription

Simplified from: http://web.ku.edu/idea/caribbean/cuba/cuba1.mp3

Now You Try It

For your Transcription

Select 1 minute of speech from: http://web.ku.edu/idea/dialectmap.htm

Use the Charts See also:

http://www.paulmeier.com/ipa/charts.html

Here’s another site that helps you visualize making sounds,but beware, ‘Sammy’ covers symbols we don’t…http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/%7Edanhall/phonetics/sammy.html

Any Questions…

…before we move on?

(…breathe, stretch, move around…)

Suprasegmentals (prosodic features)

Length Ooooouuuuch! Pitch “e” … vs. Eeeek! Loudness ‘Hi’ vs. HI! Stress She said what? Tone Mom vs. (aww)

Môm

Representing Sounds

Transcription Syllables Segments Features

Get Some Exercise

Transcription: “I scream for ice cream”

Segments How many in “I scream for ice cream”?

Syllables How many in “I scream for ice cream”?

Features What are the features of [s], [m], and [i]?

Kinds of Sound Change Assimilation (become more alike)

Nasalization Voicing Flapping

Dissimilation (become less alike) Metathesis (shift sounds around) Epenthesis // Intrusion (add a sound)

Other Elision // Deletion (take a sound away) Vowel Reduction (shorten or ‘schwa’ a sound)

Kinds of Sound Change

If You Were in Charge… Revisited

…would you implement a spelling system with a “one for one”

correspondence between spoken & written words?

Why or Why Not?

For Fun…

How to Pronounce GHOTI http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/ling006.html

Exercises Be aware of these:

3-1,2,3,4,5,7,10 Spend time on these

3-11,12,13

Read Chapter 4 Keep working on your transcription