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Phonemic Awareness is vital to language,
vocabulary, listening comprehension, spelling,
writing, and word recognition.
Phonemic Awareness
is
the ability to identify and recall individual sounds in words.
hat cat
/h/ /a/ /t/ /c/ /a/ /t/
hat cat
/h/ /at/ /c/ /at/
Children sometimes do not perceive or distinguish sounds accurately
…..and that makes it really hard to read
Why ?Some research shows a delay among the areas of
the brain that control auditory perception. This makes it
difficult for children to identify and associate the correct
sounds.
Sometimes children have not heard clear speech at
home.
Huh ? Wudyasay ?
Phonological or Phonemic Awareness ?
Both focus on the SOUNDS in spoken words.
Phonics is connecting the letters with sounds (visual).
Phonological Awareness
Broad term - includes phonemic awareness alliteration, rhyme, words, and syllables
Distinguish words within a sentence
Phonemic AwarenessNarrower, subcategory of
phonological awareness.
Phonemes – sounds within words
/w/ /i/ /sh/ - 3 sounds
Identifying Phonemic and Phonological Awareness Issues
● Jumbled words● “I push my hair.” “I brush my hair.”
● Inability to attend to rhyme● Missing or incorrect sounds in words● Substituting one sound for another
– /k/ for /g/ ride in a wakon
● Difficulty following spoken directions● Unwillingness to participate in class
Identifying Phonemic Issues
● Teacher Observation
● DIBLES ( screening only )
● Phonological Awareness Profile (PAP)● designed to provide information for instruction
● Diagnostic Testing
How Teachers Can Help● Identify problems early –
● Kindergarten or 1st Grade– and provide systematic instruction with older children
● Explicit Instruction in Phonemic Awareness● Encourage self-awareness of sounds● Activities, Games, Raz-kids.com● Multisensory
● Continuing Evaluation● assess progress and identify specific needs
Skills for Phonemic Awareness
● Discriminate individual words in a sentence● Identify syllables within words● Rhyme words● Identify phoneme position (beginning, middle, end)● Blend sounds● Segment sounds● Accurate recall of sounds
Whole Class Activities to Teach Phonemic Awareness
Stretchy Names● K – 1 - Whole Class or small group● Children and teacher clap and say a verse for each child in
class:● CHRISTOPHER, CHRISTOPHER, HOW DO YOU DO ?
● WHO IS THAT FRIEND RIGHT NEXT TO YOU ?● Children and teacher say the next child's name very slowly,
stretching palms far apart as the word is stretched:
krrrr-/iiiiiii-/ssssss-/tuuuu-/ffffff-/errrrrr/
Whole Class Activities to Teach Phonemic Awareness
● Jump Along with Phonemes ● K – 2 Whole Class or small group
● Place 12 lines on the floor with painter's tape. The teacher calls out a word, and students jump once for each sound in the word.
● Use for new vocabulary words from Reading, Science, and Social Studies
Instruction for Older Students
Older students who struggle may need individual instruction.
– Lesson Template● Select words from current spelling lesson, Social Studies
vocabulary, Math terms, or high utility words.
For more information about Phonemic and Phonological Awareness visit
http://lincs.ed.gov/readingprofiles
Thank you !