I HC NNG LM TP H CH MINHKHOA MI TRNG V TI NGUYNB MN CNH QUAN V K THUT HOA VIN

BI BO CO:

PHN BN NPKGVHD: TRNG TH CM NHUNGNHM THC HIN: NHM 2

I. GII THIU CHUNG V PHN NPK1 . KHI NIM: NPK nhm ch 3 nguyn t dinh dng a lng, tc 3 nguyn t dinh dng chnh yu cn b sung trc tin cho cy trng, nhm nng cao kh nng sinh trng v cho nng sut ca cy trng. Loi phn NPK l loi phn chuyn cung cp cho cy trng 3 nguyn t dinh dng ny. Ngoi cc nguyn t trn th phn NPK cn c b sung thm cc nguyn t khc nh S, Mg,

H.1 Bao phn NPK

2. TC DNGm (N): - m gi vai tr quan trng i vi vic hnh thnh b r, thc y nhanh qu trnh nhnh, ny chi v cn thit cho s sinh trng v pht trin thn l. Thiu m: cy sinh trng ci cc, trn l gi xut hin mu xanh lt n vng nht, bt u t chp l, tip b cht hoc rng ty mc thiu. nhiu nhng s r hn ch, pht trin km Tha m cy thng c mu xanh xm, l.

H.2 Cy bp b thiu m s th tinh km v tha ht

2. TC DNG LN (P): - Ln ng vai tr quan trng: Trong vic phn chia t bo, to thnh cht bo giu protein. Thc y ra r, c bit l r bn v lng ht. Kch thch vic ra hoa , hnh thnh qu v quyt nh phm cht ca ht ging. D tr v vn chuyn nng lng(ATPv ADP). L thnh phn cu to ca cc nucleic acids(DNA v RNA). L thnh phn ca phosphoproteins, phospholipids v nhiu enzymes.

H.3 Cy thiu ln

2. TC DNG Kali(K): - Kali gip cy quang hp tt hn, thc y hnh thnh lignin, xellulo lm cy cng cp, chng chu tt hn vi su bnh hi. Tng t l ht chc, hn ch rng qu, tng ln ca qu, c, tng nng sut, ngt v cht lng nng sn. Thiu kali cy b a vng dc mp l, chp l chuyn mu nu, cc triu chng lan dn vo pha trong, t chp l tr xung. Cy pht trin chm, ci cc, thn yu d b ng.

H.4 Cy thuc l b thiu kali

II. CC LOI PHN NPK1. KHI NIM1.1 Phn tng hp Phn tng hp l cc loi phn c sn xut thng qua cc phn ng ho hc to thnh mt th phn bn gm nhiu nguyn t dinh dng. Phn ny cn c gi l phn phc hp. 1.2 Phn hn hp Phn hn hp l cc loi phn to c do qu trnh trn ln 2 hoc nhiu loi phn n vi nhau mt cch c gii v u n. Phn tng hp cng nh hn hn hp c cc t l NPK cc t hp khc nhau c la chn ph hp vi tng loi t v tng nhm cy trng. Nhiu trng hp trong phn tng hp cng nh phn hn hp cn c thm c cc nguyn t Mg, Ca, S v cc nguyn t vi lng khc.

2. PHN LOI Trn th trng hin ang c cc loi phn sau y: Loi 2 yu t N v P hoc N v K hoc P v K vi t l NPK: 20:20:0, 20:0;20, 0:1;3

Loi 3 yu t NPK vi t l: 20:20:10 v 15:15:15.

Loi 4 yu t N, P, K, Mg hoc l S,Ca vi t l: 14:9:21:2; 16:16:8:13; v.v..

H. 5 Cc loi phn NPK

2.1 Phn ch cha 2 nguyn t

2.1.1 Phn NP Ch c 2 loi ch yu trn th trng:- Phn diamophos (DAP): C t l cc cht dinh dng (N, P, K) l: 1:2,6:0. c sn xut bng cch trn supe ln kp vi sunphat amn v c thnh phn P2O5 40%, N 18%. C hm lng ln cao nn c s dng cho cc vng t phn, t bazan. C th s dng bn lt hoc bn thc. t c dng bn cho cy ly c, bn cho la gieo kh H.6 Phn DAP

c dng bn cho t c hm lng NPK trung bnh hoc cc loi t c N, K2O ln hn P2O5. t dng bn cho t thiu kali nh t bc mu, t ct nh, t xm, t trung tnh. C m, ln d tiu, khng lm chua t. - Phn amophor: C t l cc nguyn t dinh dng (N, P, K) l: 1:1:0. Thnh phn ca phn ny gm: 18% N, 18% P2O5. C dng vin ri, kh, c kh nng ho tan hon ton trong nc. Thng c sn xut bng cch trn supe ln vi sunphat amn. S dng bn trn t c hm lng kali cao nh cc loi t ph sa, t phn

H.7 Phn amophor

2.1.2 Phn NK Phn kali nitrat: Dng phn 2 yu t cha 13% N v 45% K2O. c dng bn cho t ngho kali. Thng c dng bn cho cy n qu, cy ly c. H.8 Phn kali nitrat

Phn hn hp: 30:0:10; 20:0:20; 20:0:10. Cc dng phn ny c cha NK v mt s nguyn t trung lng. Trong cc dng phn ny khng c ln. Cc dng phn ny c dng bn vo cui thi k sinh trng ca cy trng, v vo thi k ny cy khng cn yu cu i vi ln.

2.1.3 Phn PK

Phn PK 0:1:3: Ngi ta sn xut phn ny bng cch trn 55% supe ln vi 45% KCl. Dng bn cho t qu ngho kali nh t bc mu, t ct nh v.v.. Phn PK 0:1:2: c sn xut bng cch trn 65% supe phtphat vi 35% KCl. Dng bn cho cc loi t ngho kali v dng ch yu bn cho cc loi ng cc.

H.9 KCL

H.10 Super photphat

2.2 Phn cha 3 nguyn t (N,P,K) Phn amsuka : C t l NPK l 1: 0,4:0,8. c sn xut bng cch trn amn vi supe ln trung ha vo mui KCl. Dng bn cho cy c yu cu NPK trung bnh v cc loi t c NPK trung bnh.

Phn amphoska: C t l NPK: 1:0,1:0,8 Trong phn c cha N 17%; P2O5 7,4%; K2O 14,1%. Dng bn cho t trung tnh v bn cho cy ly c.

Phn nitro phoska: c 2 loi Loi c t l NPK: 1:0,4:1,3 c sn xut bng cch trn cc mui nitrat vi axit phosphoric. Trong phn c cha: N 13%; P2O5 5,7%; K2O 17,4%. Dng bn cho t thiu K nghim trng v thng c dng bn cho cy ly c. Loi c t l N, P, K: 1:0,3:0,9 c sn xut bng cch trn cc mui nitrat vi axit sunphuric. Trong phn c cha: N 13,6%; P2O5 3,9%; K2O 12,4%. Dng bn cho nhiu loi cy trng v thng bn cho t c NPK trung bnh.

H.11 Phn nitro phoska

Phn vin NPK Vn in: C t l NPK: 5:10:3 Trong phn cha NPK, ngoi ra cn c MgO 6,7%; SiO2 10 11%; CaO 13 14%. Phn ny thch hp cho nhiu loi cy trng trn nhiu loi t khc nhau. i vi cy trng cn cn bn xa ht, xa gc cy. Sau khi bn phn cn lp t ph kn phn. H.12 Phn NPK Vn in

Phn hn hp NPK 3 mu: Do nh my phn bn Bnh in II sn xut. C cc dng: 15-15-15; 20-20-15; 16-16-8; Tu theo yu cu ca cy v c tnh ca t, ngi nng dn c th mua loi phn thch hp bn.

H.13 Cc ht phn NPK Phn tng hp NPK: Do nh my phn bn ng Nai sn xut: C cc dng: 16-16-8 ; 14-6-8; 10-10-5; 15-15-20;

2.3 Phn c cha nhiu hn 3 nguyn t (N,P,K cho thm S ,Mg) hay cn gi l phn chuyn dng2.3.1 Khi nim: Phn chuyn dng l loi phn c cha cc nguyn t a lng, trung lng v vi lng ph hp vi tng loi cy trng, tng thi k sinh trng v pht trin ca cy. 2.3.2 Phn loi: Cc loi phn chuyn dng cho bp, ma, la, cy n qu, h tiu, c ph, rau, hoa ln lt xut hin v gp phn ng k cho vic tng gia sn xut v hiu qu trong trng trt. H.14 Phn NPK chuyn dng

III. K THUT BN PHN NPK3.1 ng loi- S dng ng loi phn m cy trng yu cu v ph hp vi tng loi t. V vy cn phi hiu r yu cu ca tng loi cy: cn loi phn g, t l bao nhiu ty theo tng thi k sinh trng, v n c trng trn loi t c tnh cht ra sao

3.2 ng liu- Liu dng l bao nhiu? Hu ht trn nhn bao b u c hng dn. s dng ng liu lng phn bn nhm tit kim c kinh t, ph hp vi yu cu ca cy trng, trnh lng ph phn bn, th ngi s dng phi c k hng dn s dng v kt hp vi quan st hnh thi v tnh trng ca cy, t ai ni trng cy, thi tit, ma v quyt nh bn lng phn thch hp.

III. K THUT BN PHN NPK3.3 ng lc- ng lc l bn ng lng phn v ng loi phn khi cy trng cn. Trong sut thi k sng, cy trng lun lun c nhu cu cc cht dinh dng cho sinh trng v pht trin, v vy nn chia ra bn nhiu ln theo quy trnh v bn vo lc cy pht trin mnh, khng bn mt lc qu nhiu, sai nguyn tc.

3.4 ng cch- Bn ng cch l bn phn sao cho cy trng hp thu hiu qu nht lng phn bn vo (ng theo hng dn ca nh SX).