Phần 2 Tính Chất Của Khí Thiên Nhiên Và Khí Đồng Hành

8/11/2019 Phn 2 Tnh Cht Ca Kh Thin Nhin V Kh ng Hnh

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Phn2

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Cc phngtrnh trngthicbncakh hydrocacbon

Chng1

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1. Tnh chtvtl cakh thin nhinv kh dum

1.1 Nhiet tr

Nhiet tr

hiet lng tong

hiet lng thc

Tnh toc o cung cap nhiet (kcal/h) Thtch nhin

liutngng Xc nhkch thcng

dn, van.

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1.2. Trong lng rieng

Kh thien nhien ( metan) nhe hn khong kh. (0.540-

0.650) Propan va butan (LPG) nang hn khong kh

Khi c sr rkh?

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1.3. TrsWobbeKh c phan thanh cac ho phu thuoc vao ch so

Wobbe nh sau :

+ Kh dan dung (Town gas): ho 1.

+ Kh thien nhien: ho 2.

+ LPG : ho 3.

H TRS WOBBE (MJ/m3)

12

3

24,4-28,848,2-53,2

72,6-87,8

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1.6. Lng khong kh can cho s chay (m

3

/kcal):

Nguon oxy thuan tien nhat la khong kh vi ham lng oxy la 21 .

ieu kien chay ty thc : the tch khong kh / the tch nhien lieu

Nhu cau khong kh theo ly thuyet : Ao

= 9,763

Tha so khong kh

(AF): A/A

o

Tng tlC/H : cchchay thayi, lng khngkh cn cho s

chay tng.

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2. Cc phngtrnh trngthi cbncacc kh hydrocacbon

Cc phngtrnh trngthi cbncacc kh hydrocacbon

phthucvo:

Thng scah

Thnh phnha hc:

phnmol: xi = ni /

phnthtch : vi = vi /

phnkhilng: xi= gi /

iv

ig

in

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Trong tnh ton kthutcc qu trnh chbinkh:

Cnxc nhtnh chtnhitngcanchtv hn

hpnhbay hi, entanpi, entropi, khilngring.

xc nh cc i lng trn, s dng cc phng

trnh trngthi biudinmilin hgianhit, th

tch v p sutcah.

Khng s dng c phng trnh trng thi kh l

tng10


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ngdngphngtrnh BWR (*):

Tnh th tch ring, entanpi, entropi v bay hicamicu

ttrong giihnnhitrngt-162260oC, P = 0.0156 Mpa.

Sdngtrong cng nghchbinhydrocacbon:

Tch nito v heli tkh thin nhin,

Chbinkh thin nhin nhitthp-157143oC,

Qu trnh phn ly HC nh, hpphnhitthp-73 -312oC,

Tnh ton chu trnh lnhvitc nhn lnhhnhp12


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RedlichKewong (RK):

P = RT/(v - b)a/[T1/2(+ b)]ngdngphngtrnh RK :

Cho dy rngHC v khng HC, cc phn tc cc(HS, NOx)

bhnch.

Phngtrnh binthRK cdng tnh cc hsbay

hi, khilngring, hsnn, entanphi v entropi cacc

pha kh chaHC cngnhH2S, CO2, N2, H2.

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z: hsnnl hm scacc thngscacc phngtrnh ni trn

Phngtrnh m tkh thccsdngphbin:

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Trngthi pha, phngphp xc nhcn bngpha.

Chng2

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Ginpha

Hnh 2.1. Ginpha inhnh cho nchttrong htaP, V, T 16


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2.1. Ginpha2.1.1. Trngthi pha canchttrong htrcp sut- nhit

Hnh 2.2. S trng thi pha ca n cht trong

h trc P - T

Cc ng HD, HC v HF: ccng cn bngH: imba pha

FH: pha rn c th thng hoa

thnh kh

HD:ngcn bnggiapha rnv lng (ngbo ha rn lnghoccn bngrnlng).

HC: ngcn bng hilng,

ngp suthi, ngimbong bnghay ngimsng.C- imtihn vinhittihn(Tc)v p suttihn(Pc).

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2.1.2. Gin pha ca h a cu t

Hnh 2.3. Gin pha in hnh cho h a cu t

Mt s k hiu:Cricondenbar - im N.Cr icondentherm - im M.Vng thoi ha (ngng t

ngc).ng cht lng - % hi cnh, qua C v song song ving bong bng v ngim sng.ng to bong bng - 0% hi

ng im sng - 100%hi.ng ABDE: qu trnh ngngt ngc ng

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2.1.3.Tc ng ca thnh phn h.

Hnh 2.4.nh hng ca thnh phnln bao pha cahmetan-propan.

Hnh 2.5. V tr qu tch tihncamtshnhnguyn

metan + propan: thnh phn nh hng n dng v v tr ca bao pha.Qu tch ti hn - ng ni tt c cc nh ca bao pha, bt u t C ca

metan n C propan 19


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2.1.4. nh hng ca tp cht

Hnh 2.6.nh hng caCO2, H2v N2ln bao pha

ca kh thin nhin

a) CO2

c) N2

b) H2S

P

T

P

TP

T

Cc tp cht phihydrocarbon: nc, CO2,H2S v N2.Ncc p sut hi boha thp v khng trn lntrong hydrocarbon lng

khng nh hng lndng bao phanh hng ca CO2, H2S vN2:

+Thm lng CO2 vH

2S: pha cht lng dy

c s c hnh thnh p sut thp+ Etan, propan v butan:

tng t.+ N2: gim kh nng trnln.

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2.2. Ginpha v ngdngtrong chbinkh

Hnh 2.7. ng dng bao pha

biu din cc loi ging du, kh

Ging (1):ging du en: ch di bo ha. Ti im im bongbng: hn hp du v kh bo ha.Ging (2): ging du nh: bn triim C.

T l kh : du > b du en (1).Du c mu sng hn.Ging (3): gia C v M : b kh-condensat: gim Pto cht lng,vn tc kh c th b thay i .Tiim sng: thnh phn kh trong

ging kh c th thay i.Ging (4): kh thc: trn imcridentherm: cht lng khng th tothnh bt c p sut no.

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2.2.Gin pha v ngdngtrong chbinkh

Hnh 2.8. Cc bao pha c trng cho 4loi ging du- kh

ngBao Pha

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2.2. Ginpha v ngdngtrong chbinkh

Xem xt iukintrnh tolngtrongngdnkh

Hnh 2.9. ngdnp sutcao

I v J : iu kin T v P tiu vo ng v ra khi ng.IJ ct ng im sng:

c cht lng hnh thnhTrnh tochtlngtrongngdnkh bnghai cch:

+ Loiphnnngtrong kh

+ Thay i iu kin uvo v ra khi ng: IJ MN(sdngngdnp sutcao)

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2.2.Gin pha v ngdngtrong chbinkh

BmChtLng

Hnh 2.10. BmCht Lng

B

C

A

.

..

P

T

Lng

Hi

ng p sut hi

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2.3. Hngscn bngpha

I. nhngha:

- L ilngctrngcho sphn bcc cutgiacc pha trong iukincn bng

Ki = yi/xi

- L hm sphctpcap sut, nhitvthnh phncacc pha cn bngtrong h.

Trnghpl tng: Ki = Pi/P (nhlutRaoultDalton)

Phngphp tnh hngscn bngpha:+ Bngphngphp giitch+ Bngphngphp th

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Hng s cn bng pha

II. Phng php gii tch tnh hng s cn bng pha

- Benedict Webb Rubin

- Redlich Kwong

- Lee Erbar Edmister

- Kalasnicow - Klimenco

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Hng s cn bng pha

III. Phng php th tnh hng s cn bng pha

STT Phngphp lchtrung bnh (%)

1

2

3

4

5

NGPA

Neyrey

Rzaca

Winn

Myers v Lenoir

8.5

7.8

9.3

10.0

7

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Hng s cn bng pha

IV. ng dng hng s cn bng pha

1. Xc nh im bong bng

2. Xc nh im sng

3. Xc nh im chp chy

4. Xc nh pha ca hn hp (lng, hi,)

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Chng3

Cc tnh chtnhitngcacc

hydrocacbon ring bitv hnhpcachng.

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3.1. Nhitsi (Ts)p suthibo ha (Pbh)

Ts ca HC t C1 C10c xc nhbngthcnghim.

Dng cng thc, chngcho C1- C

20.

30

7,232121105,03,193 91,0 nnnTs

Trong : n: snguyn tcacbonchnh xc:1K

Nhitsi (Ts)


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p suthibo ha (Pbh)

Dng cng thcTrong :

31

hhhh T

TTP 1

1581,0397,1015,0lg 2

c

bhh

P

PP

20286,03806,01018,0

hch T1P96784,0lgT

c

s

hT

TT

Dng thsnginhn.


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3.2. Nhitp suttihn, gitihn.

3.2.1. ncht(Tc, Pc)Tc ivicc HC tC1- C15

PcHCtC1- C20

Trong n l snguyn tcacbon C.chnh xc: 1K (/vTc)

0,05 Mpa (/vPc)32

7,190

1n645,2

1n7,391T

785,0c

2,1977,7

1,495

nPc


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3.2.2. Hnhp(Tpc, Ppc)Thngsdngcc gi trgitihnTpc, Ppc khikhng th tm c cc i lng tihncahnhptrong bngsliu.Cc gi trgitihn tm ctnh luthnhpkhng phil gi trthc.Tpc, Ppc xc nhtheo nhlutKay:

Tpc, Ppc l thng s tng quan s dng khinimtrngthi tnghp. Trngthi tnghpl

trngthi c cng cc thng srt gn.

C thtm ctgin.33

n

1iicipc yTT

n

1iicipc yPP

pc

r

pc

r P

P

T

TPT

'';


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Cc gi trgitihntm ct

gin:

Davo ttrngivikhng kh

Da vo t trng v nhit sitrung bnh

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Bi tp1

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Phần 2 Tính Chất Của Khí Thiên Nhiên Và Khí Đồng Hành