PG&E Pacific Energy Center Presents:PG&E Pacific ... - Hawaii · 2008 Title 24 Nonresidential HVAC and Acceptance Test Requirements Mark Hydeman, PE, FASHRAE ... HVAC and lighting

PG&E Pacific Energy Center Presents:PG&E Pacific Energy Center Presents:2008 Title 24 Nonresidential HVAC and Acceptance Test Requirements

Mark Hydeman, PE, FASHRAEmhydeman@taylor-engineering commhydeman@taylor engineering.com Taylor Engineering

Erik Kolderup, [email protected] ConsultingKolderup Consulting

September 15th, 2009

H d tHandouts You can get a copy of the handouts in PDF

f t f llformat as follows:– Enter the following link into Internet Explorer:

http://pub.taylor-engineering.com/p p y g g– When prompted enter the following (case

sensitive)• USER: seminar• USER: seminar• PASSWORD: public

– Double click on the folder, “Title 24 2008”– Double click on a file to download it or highlight

the file and click on the download file icon– NOTE: YOU MUST USE WINDOWS INTERNET

Page 1EXPLORER TO ACCESS THIS SITE!

Ackno ledgementsAcknowledgements

CEC Commissioners: Robert Pernell & Art Rosenfeld CEC Staff: Bill Pennington, Mazi Shirakh, Tav Commins &

Nelson Pena Project Team Lead: Charles Eley Architectural Energy Project Team Lead: Charles Eley, Architectural Energy

Corporation PG&E CASE Initiatives: Steve Blanc & Pat Eilert Content Contributors:

– Taylor Engineering: Steve Taylor, Jeff Stein & Anna Zhou– AEC: Erik Kolderup– HMG: Jon McHugh

PECI: Kirstin Pinit Kristin Heinemeier & Larry Luskay– PECI: Kirstin Pinit, Kristin Heinemeier & Larry Luskay

Page 2PG&E PEC Seminar Title 24 2008

What e ill co erWhat we will cover

New HVAC requirements Updated acceptance test requirements (for

HVAC)HVAC) Updated acceptance test forms

NOT existing measures (with a few exceptions)exceptions)

NOT envelope and lighting changes NOT residential


NOT residential

AgendaAgenda

Introduction and OverviewHVAC ChangesBreakAcceptance Testing OverviewAcceptance tests 1 of 3LunchAcceptance tests 2 of 3Acceptance tests 2 of 3BreakAcceptance tests 3 of 3Wrap-upp p


Iconographic KeIconographic Key

Mandatory Measure

Prescriptive MeasurePrescriptive Measure

Acceptance Test


I t d ti & O iIntroduction & Overview

Timing?Timing?

January 1st, 2010 August 1, 2009


Reso rces 2008 StandardResources – 2008 Standardhttp://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2008standards

The Standard, Title 24 The Appendices

p gy g

The Appendices JA Joint Appendices (e.g. JA2 Reference Weather/Climate

Data) RA Residential Appendices (e g RA2 HERS Testing) RA Residential Appendices (e.g. RA2 HERS Testing) NA Non-Residential Appendices (e.g. NA7 Acceptance

Requirements for Nonresidential Buildings The Non Residential Compliance Manual The Non-Residential Compliance Manual

Examples References

C li F


Compliance Forms

Reso rces 2008 StandardResources – 2008 Standard

http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2008standards

Bill Penningtonbpenning@energy state ca [email protected]

Mazi [email protected]@energy.state.ca.us

Energy Efficiency Hotline– E-mail: [email protected]– Phone: 916-654-5106 or– Phone: 1-800-772-3300 (toll free in Calif.)


Other Reso rcesOther Resourceshttp://www.taylor-engineering.com/publications/title 24 resources.shtml

PIER VAV Design Guidehttp://www.energydesignresources.com/Resources/Publications/DesignGuidelines.aspx

p y g g p _ _

ASHRAE Guideline 16htt // h

HERS Agencies

http://www.ashrae.org

http://www.calcerts.comhttp://www.cheers.org

http://www energy ca gov/HERS/


http://www.energy.ca.gov/HERS/

Overview of Title 24Overview of Title 24 and 2008 Changesand 2008 Changes

B ilding Code O er ieBuilding Code Overview

Whoohoo, I’m code certified!

PIER Research Building CodesUtility Incentives Product Rebates

Page 12Slide 12

LEED Platinum LEED Rated

AEDG GuidesSPC 189 90.1 & T24

LEED Gold/Silver

C d C li P thCode Compliance Paths

Line Item Measures

PrescriptiveM Alt t P th

OR

Mandatory

Measures Alternate Paths(e.g. Lighting)ORAND

Measures

Page 13

PerformanceMethod

Standards Str ct re & TimingStandards Structure & TimingStart

Design

Mandatory Measures

g

Prescriptive Measures

Performance Approach

Submit Permit

Acceptance Tests

ConstructionAcceptance Tests

and Installation Certificates

Certificate of


Occupancy

Mandator Meas resMandatory Measures

Must be done in all projects (no trade off) Things that can’t be modeled or shouldn’t be g

traded off Examples

– Equipment efficiencies– Ventilation requirements– Temperature controls– Load calculations


Prescripti e Meas resPrescriptive Measures

Can be traded off through the performance method of compliancep p

Examples– Economizers– Economizers– Variable air flow

Limitations on electric resistance heat and– Limitations on electric resistance heat and air cooled chillers


Performance ApproachPerformance Approach

Computer simulation of a project Two models made:

– Budget model meets the mandatory and prescriptive requirements

– Design model represents your projectDesign model represents your project Project complies if TDV of design is less than

or equal to TDV of budget model Can trade off envelope, HVAC and lighting

energy


Performance Method (90 1)Performance Method (90.1)

This building hasa limited WWR, and...

an assigned HVACsystem type

Page 18Slide 18

Title 24 2008 ChangesTitle 24 2008 Changes

General– Electronic signatures allowed (§10-103)– Info provided by builder to owner regarding compliance, operationInfo provided by builder to owner regarding compliance, operation

& maintenance, and ventilation may be in electronic form (§10-103)– Changes to the TDV values

Envelopep– New Solar Reflection Index (SRI) for rating of Cool roofs– New Cool Roof requirements for steep sloped applications– Cool Roof requirements for replacements, recovering or recoating Coo oo equ e e ts o ep ace e ts, eco e g o ecoat g

existing roofs– New Component Modeling Approach (CMA) certification for site

built fenestration


Title 24 2008 Changes (cont )Title 24 2008 Changes (cont.)

Envelope– Insulation requirements for roofs, walls and floors in certain

climates (especially metal-framed walls)climates (especially metal-framed walls)– New acceptance requirements for fenestration– Skylights for Daylighting in Buildings§131(c) required when

S l th 8 000 ft2 d• Space larger than 8,000 ft2, and• Ceiling height greater than 15 ft, and • Lighting power density greater than 0.5 W/ft2


Title 24 2008 Changes (cont )Title 24 2008 Changes (cont.)

Lighting– Revisions to the lighting power densities (LPDs) interior

§146 and exterior §147§146 and exterior §147– Sign lighting §148 – New requirements for occupancy sensors §131(d)

Offi 250 ft2• Offices 250 ft2• All classrooms and conference rooms

– New demand response controls for indoor lighting (large retail only) §131(g)retail only) §131(g)

– New daylighting controls for side light §131(c)– New and revised acceptance requirements for lighting

t l

Page 21

controls

PG&E PEC Seminar Title 24 2008

T24 2008 HVAC ChangesT24 2008 HVAC Changes

Mandatory Requirements Setback Thermostat for Unitary Equipment (112(c)) Recirculating Water Heating Loop Design and

Control (113(c)) Covers for all Outdoor Pool and Spas (Exception toCovers for all Outdoor Pool and Spas (Exception to

114(b)2) DCV (121(c)3 & 4) [Elaborated Later]

C t l D d Sh d (122(h)) [El b t d L t ] Central Demand Shed (122(h)) [Elaborated Later] Acceptance Tests (125 and NA7) Refrigerated Warehouses (126) [Elaborated Later]

Page 22Slide 22

g ( ) [ ]

R f i t d W h (§126)Refrigerated Warehouses (§126)

New in 2008 Standard Applies to spaces >3,000 ft2pp p Provide minimum insulation levels Limits on underslab heating by electric heatg y Variable speed evaporator and condensing

unit fans Limits on condensing temperatures Some requirements for compressors

Page 23Slide 23

So e equ e e s o co p esso s

T24 2008 HVAC ChangesT24 2008 HVAC Changes

P i ti R i tPrescriptive Requirements Reheat/Recool Limitation (§144(d)) [Elaborated Later] Removed VAV exception for Supply Air Temperature Reset Removed VAV exception for Supply Air Temperature Reset

(§144(f)) Added AC units to Water-Cooled HP Variable Flow (§144(j)5) Hydronic Supply Pressure Reset for systems with DDC to the Hydronic Supply Pressure Reset for systems with DDC to the

zone (§144(j)6) Hydronic Heat Pump Loop Deadband (§144(j)7)

Single Zone (SZ) VAV (§144(l)) [Elaborated Later] Single Zone (SZ) VAV (§144(l)) [Elaborated Later] Increased stringency for economizer/EER tradeoffs (Table

§144A and B)

Page 24Slide 24

R h t/ l Li it ti 144(d)Reheat/cool Limitation 144(d)

For non-DDC (direct digital control) systems – Reduces min VAV airflow to 30%

For DDC systems– Reduces reheat/recool to 20% in deadband– Allows reheat/recool to 50% at peak heating

In both cases, the minimum can be increased t t th til ti i tto meet the zone ventilation requirements

Page 25Slide 25

R h t/ l Li it ti 144(d)

ADVANTAGESReduced reheatReduced fan energyReheat/cool Limitation 144(d)Does not push zone into heatingReduced stratification at full heating

Traditional VAV Reheat/cool Control Dual Maximum VAV Reheat Control

Supply Air Temperature Setpoint(requires discharge temp. sensor)

Max Cooling Airflow Setpoint

Maximum Supply Air

Temperature

Reheat Valve Position

Maximum Airflow Setpoint

Minimum Airflow

Airflow SetpointMinimum

Airflow Setpoint

Airflow Setpoint

Airflow Setpoint

Heating Loop Cooling LoopDeadBand

(shaded area = reheat)(shaded area = reheat)

Heating Loop Cooling LoopDeadBand

(shaded area = reheat)(shaded area = reheat)

Slide 26

Single Zone VAVSingle-Zone VAV

Scope– Effective 1/1/2012– All unitary air conditioners and air-handling units 10 tons andAll unitary air conditioners and air handling units 10 tons and

over Requirement

– 2-speed or VSD fan– 2-speed or VSD fan– Must reduce airflow by 2/3 or greater at low loads

Some changes in 90.1 languageAHU & FCU t 5 h l– AHUs & FCUs at 5 hp or larger

– AHUs & FCUs start in 2010 Industry consensus through negotiation

Page 27Slide 27

T24 2008 HVAC ChT24 2008 HVAC Changes

Compliance Credits TES (NR ACM 3 3 18) TES (NR ACM 3.3.18) DES/DXAC (NR ACM 3.3.19)

AFDD (NR ACM 2 5 2 6 2 5 2 7 d AFDD (NR ACM 2.5.2.6, 2.5.2.7 and 2.5.3.12)– 5% improvement in cooling efficiency– 10% improvement on VAV minimums

Page 28Slide 28

AFDD Example(Schien and Bushby NIST)(Schien and Bushby NIST)

Possible Diagnoses

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High zone temperature alarm X X X X X X X X X X XLow zone temperature alarm X X X X X X X X X X XHigh airflow alarm X X X X X X

Alarm Description

Page 29

gLow airflow alarm X X X X X X X X XUnstable airflow alarm X X X X X X X X XHigh discharge temperature alarm X X XLow discharge temperature alarm X X X

450 Golden GateDemonstration of NIST AFDD Algorithms

Page 30

Image used with permission from Off the Mark Cartoons

Page 31

T24 2008 HVAC ChT24 2008 HVAC Changes

Documentation Revisions to MECH 1-C Certificate of

Compliance New Field Inspection Checklist New Installation Certificate

(10-103(a)3A) No form Mech 1-A Reorganized Acceptance Test Forms

Page 32(Certificate of Acceptance)

Slide 32

Compliance forms end in “–C”


AC 1 to 5 5 AH 1 to 2 2

CHW System 1

Page 34Title 24 2008

This form is used for compliance options only!

Page 35

New Field I tiInspection Checklist Filled out by

designer or Title 24 documentation author (or automatically by compliance software)

Used by field inspector to help

fidentify critical components


Installation Certificate Completed by

licensed person responsible for building construction or installation of the mechanical system

Certifies that installed system meets code requirements


What’s ne t?What’s next?

Extension of Scope– UBC Type I Occupancies (Title 24)– Data Centers– VAV Fume Exhaust (already in 90.1)– Refrigerated Casework– Kitchen Exhaust

Pl L d– Plug Loads– Elevators

Energy RecoveryC (C f C & ff) Chillers (Centrifugal Coverage & NPLV Tradeoff)

Compliance Kernel [next slide]

Page 38Slide 38

PIER F nded Compliance KernelPIER Funded Compliance Kernel

Designed to work with multiple rulesets:• ASHRAE 90.1

ASHRAE 189Kernel

3rd Party

• ASHRAE 189• LEED• T24...

yProgram

Page 39Slide 39

Acceptance TestingAcceptance Testing OverviewOverview

Acceptance TestsAcceptance Tests

Defined in Standard’s Mandatory Section 125

Detailed in the Appendix NA7 Nonresidential Compliance Manual Nonresidential Compliance Manual

– Test Descriptions in Chapter 10F i A di A– Forms in Appendix A


A t R i t (1 f 2)Acceptance Requirements (1 of 2)ACM Section and Test

Standard Section

Certificate of AcceptanceACM Section and Test Section Acceptance

NA 7.5.1.1 Variable Air Volume Systems Outdoor Air 125(a)1 MECH-2A

NA 7.5.1.2 Constant Volume Systems Outdoor Air 125(a)1 MECH-2A

NA 7 5 2 Constant Volume Packaged HVAC Systems 125(a)2 MECH-3ANA 7.5.2 Constant Volume Packaged HVAC Systems 125(a)2 MECH-3A

NA 7.5.3 Air Distribution 125(a)3 MECH-4A

NA 7.5.4 (Air-Side) Economizer 125(a)4 MECH-5A

NA 7 5 5 Demand Control Ventilation 125(a)5 MECH-6ANA 7.5.5 Demand Control Ventilation 125(a)5 MECH-6A

NA 7.5.6 Supply Fan Variable Flow Controls 125(a)6 MECH-7A

NA 7.5.7 Valve Leakage Test 125(a)7 & 8 MECH-8A

NA 7 5 8 Supply Water Temperature Reset Controls 125(a)9 MECH-9AUpdated NA 7.5.8 Supply Water Temperature Reset Controls 125(a)9 MECH 9A

NA 7.5.9 Hydronic System Variable Flow Controls 125(a)7 MECH-10A

NA 7.5.10 Automatic Demand Shed Controls 125(a)10 MECH-11ANew

Updated


Acceptance Requirements (2 of 2) p q ( )Compliance Credits

Standard Certificate of ACM Section and Test

Standard Section

Certificate of Acceptance

NA 7.5.1.11 FDD for Packaged DX Systems 125(a)11 MECH-12A

NA 7.5.1.12 FDD for AHUS and Zone Terminal Units 125(a)12 MECH-13AAll NewNA 7.5.1.13 Distributed Energy Storage DX AC Systems 125(a)13 MECH-14A

NA 7.5.1.14 Thermal Energy Storage Systems 125(a)14 MECH-15A


Compliance ProcessCompliance Process

Design is checked and a signed certificate of compliance is submitted for pthe building permit

Tests are performed and a signed certificate of acceptance is submitted forcertificate of acceptance is submitted for the certificate of occupancy


Wh A t T ti O ?When Acceptance Testing Occurs?

Specified during the design phase

Implemented during constructionAft t t ( t f d t l k )– After start-up (except for duct leakage)

– Before occupancy


Who Does Acceptance Testing?Who Does Acceptance Testing?

Can be done by – Engineer, or– Contractor, or– 3rd Party

Different parties can do different tests, but…

Someone has to sign the final certificate of acceptance


How to Specify the Acceptance p y pTests Where do they go in the specifications?

– Under TAB Section?– Under Controls?Under Controls?– Under Commissioning?– Throughout several sections?

Wherever you put it you must be clear about: Wherever you put it you must be clear about:– Who does the work (roles and responsibilities)– What work they must do

Wh it t b d– When it must be done– Submittal requirements– Who signs the forms


Acceptance forms end in “–A”

Two Sign-Off Blocks!TesterTester

Reviewer (licensed)

BreakBreak

Minimum Outdoor Ventilation Air Requirements & A tAcceptance

Title 24 Mechanical VentilationRequirement Review (§121) (§121b2)Mechanical Ventilation: The larger of:

– Table 121-A for building borne contaminants; and – 15 cfm per person (for bioeffluents) times the expected15 cfm per person (for bioeffluents) times the expected

number of occupants. No less than ½ the occupancy in Chapter 10 of the CBC.

(Exception to §121b2) Zones can be served by ( p § ) ytransfer air if both of the following are true– the source does not have any unusual contaminants – the system brings in the sum of the outdoor air required bythe system brings in the sum of the outdoor air required by

the zonesFor Title 24 the zone level supply air (mixed return and OSA) is equivalent to ventilation air!!


and OSA) is equivalent to ventilation air!!

Building (and Process) g ( )Contaminants - Table 121-A


Title 24 ses ½ the occ pant densitTitle 24 uses ½ the occupant density(twice the ft2/person)

2422 /30/15 TCBC personftpersonft


Titl 24 V til ti R i tTitle 24 Ventilation Requirements

Page 54SMACNA Seminar Title 24 2008

Design Minimum Outside Air MECH-3CgVAV-O = office space, VAV-A = assembly space, Min O/A in Column I

This should be changed to 50% max for DDC zones and 30% max for non-DDC Zones

VAV O 1 000 0 15 150 5 75 150 160 250 400 400 300 N/A

Min O/A for MECH-2A

VAV-O 1,000 0.15 150 5 75 150 160 250 400 400 300 N/A

VAV-A 1,000 0.15 150 34 510 510 510 600 400 600 550 N/A Totals 39 660 670 0

OSA Acceptance TestOSA Acceptance Test


P rposePurpose

Verification of minimum OSA as scheduled on plansp

Verification that minimum OSA is provided throughout the range ofprovided throughout the range of operation in a VAV system and at design for CV systemsdesign for CV systems


O er ieOverview

References– Standard Sections §121(b), §121(c) andStandard Sections §121(b), §121(c) and

§125(a)1– Appendix NA 7.5.1pp– Nonresidential Compliance Manual 10.6.2

Scope Scope– New systems only (CV and VAV)


B R i t i Titl 24Base Requirement in Title 24

§121(c) Operation and Control Requirements for Minimum Quantities of Outdoor Air.– 1. Times of occupancy. The minimum rate of

outdoor air required by Section 121 (b) 2 shall be supplied to each space at all times when thesupplied to each space at all times when the space is usually occupied.

– …– NOTE: VAV must comply with Section 121 (c) 1 at

minimum supply airflow.


Acceptance Requirement p qin Title 24


Acceptance Test from Nonres. Appendices


Acceptance Test from Nonres. Appendices


Related TestsRelated Tests

NA 7.5.4 (Air-Side) Economizer Acceptance

NA 7.5.5 Demand Control Ventilation Acceptance

NA 7.5.6 Supply Fan Variable Flow Controls Acceptance (VAV only)You can reduce testing time by combining tests on a unit


Construction Inspectionp

Calibration of AFMS or calibrated damper (if part of the system)p ( p y )

Verify that there is a provision for dynamic control of OSA (if VAV)dynamic control of OSA (if VAV)

Verify that there is a provision for minimum OSA (if CV)minimum OSA (if CV)


Fixed Minimum OA Damper pPosition (common)

Does NOT WORK since mixed air plenum pressure varies!! Outdoor air flow will varypressure varies!! Outdoor air flow will vary

proportional to supply air flow

Outdoor Air Intake

Minimum

Return Air

Minimum Signal Pot.

Si l f


Signal from SAT Controller

ASHRAE RP980 Lab ResultsFixed Minimum OA Damper

%

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

0%

10%

20%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 110%

S up ply Air % of DesignS up ply Air % of Design

Page 66

D al Minim mDual Minimum

Minimum damper position is set proportionally based on fan speed p p y pbetween setpoints determined when the fan is at full speed and minimum speedp p

Low cost Affected by wind stack effect filter Affected by wind, stack effect, filter

loading


Example Method of Dynamic OSA Control: Injection FanOSA Control: Injection Fan

Injection Fan w/ Discharge Damper

Outdoor Air Intake

Return Air

Page 68PG&E PEC Seminar Title 24 2008 Signal from SAT Controller

Return Air

Example Method of Dynamic OSA p yControl: Fixed Damper with DP control

∆P correlated to flow∆P correlated to flow for fixed orificeCan be 1 section or

entire OA damper

Outdoor Air Intake

Return Air

Page 69Spring 2006 Title 24 2005 Signal from SAT Controller

Test Proced re VAV S stemTest Procedure VAV System

1. Disable economizer (if applicable)2. Disable DCV (if applicable)3 Drive all boxes to minimum airflow

Setup

3. Drive all boxes to minimum airflow4. Measure and record OSA5. Drive all boxes to design airflow6 M d d OSA

Test 1

Test 2 6. Measure and record OSA7. Restore boxes, economizer and DCV controls

With DCV h t f th f ll i fl t t

Test 2

Clean up

With DCV you have to perform the full airflow test both with DCV disabled and DCV fully engaged. This is an example of how combining tests saves $$


Test Proced re CV S stemTest Procedure CV System

1. Disable economizer (if applicable)2. Disable DCV (if applicable)3 Drive all boxes to minimum airflow

Setup

3. Drive all boxes to minimum airflow4. Measure and record OSA5. Drive all boxes to design airflow6 M d d OSA

Test 1

Test 2 6. Measure and record OSA7. Restore boxes, economizer and DCV controls

Test 2

Clean up


Ho to Meas re OSAHow to Measure OSA

AFMS (if part of the system) Calibrated damper (if part of the system)p ( p y ) Traverse of OSA louver/duct Traverse of SA and RA ducts (differential)( ) For each test OSA must be +/-10% of design

Note on small packaged units you might haveNote on small packaged units you might have to provide a temporary sheet metal hood on the OSA intake to get a good reading


Issues with Economizer and DCV

If either the economizer or DCV engage during the test your main OSA damper g y pwill open and over ventilate the system


H t Di bl E iHow to Disable an Economizer

Drop high-limit control setpoint below current OA temperature or enthalpy (all controls), or

Raise OA temperature or enthalpy reading above high limit control setpoint (DDC controls), or

Disable economizer control block (DDC controls)


How to Disable and Engageg gDCV Controls

Disable DCV– Raise CO2 setpoint significantly aboveRaise CO2 setpoint significantly above

current CO2 reading (all controls) Engage DCV Engage DCV

– Lower CO2 setpoint to lowest possible setpoint (all controls)setpoint (all controls)


How to Drive VAV Boxes Open Set zone cooling temperature setpoint below

the current zone temperature (all controls) Override the VAV box airflow setpoint (DDC Override the VAV box airflow setpoint (DDC

controls) With DDC controls you might want to specify

t f ti t d i ll b t d ipreset functions to drive all boxes to design airflow and minimum airflow to speed up the testsNote if you override the VAV box damper you may provide more than the design maximum airflow


airflow

How to Drive System to yMinimum Airflow

Set zone cooling temperature setpoint above the current zone temperature (all controls)

Override the VAV box control airflow setpoint (DDC controls, could be preset)

Manually slow down fan until airflow is ~30% of design airflow (all controls, requires AFMS or duct traverse)


Project information(typical)

T h i iTechnician block(typical)

Reviewer block(typical)


AH 1 2nd Floor Offices

Project XYC, Somewhere, California

Construction inspection (typical)

1 850

Testing block

1,9102 000

1,8502,0003 mins

(typical)2,0003.2 mins

92.5

Page 79PG&E PEC Seminar Title 24 2008 95.5

Project XYC, Somewhere, California

Test summary

AH 1 2nd Floor Offices

j C, S , C

(Typical)


Packaged HVACPackaged HVAC ControlsControls

Package HVAC Controls gAcceptance Test


P rposePurpose

Check thermostat, setpoints and scheduling controlsg

Verify that heating, economizer and cooling are properly sequencedcooling are properly sequenced

Verify operation in occupied and unoccupied modesunoccupied modes


O er ieOverview

References– Standard Sections §122(a) to (h), §121(c)1 and

§125 (a)2§125 (a)2– Non-Residential Appendix NA 7.5.2 – Nonresidential Compliance Manual 10.6.6p

Scope– New controls on existing and new systems– Applies to packaged single zone AC units with

furnaces or heat pump heating only (per §125(a)2)



NA 7.5.1.2 Constant Volume System Outdoor Air Acceptance

NA 7.5.4 (Air-Side) Economizer Acceptance NA 7.5.5 Demand Control Ventilation

Acceptance


Constr ction InspectionConstruction Inspection


Occ pied Mode Test Proced reOccupied Mode Test Procedure

1. Heating– Supply fan operates continuously– OSA is provided

No cooling occurs– No cooling occurs– Verify that all heating stages work

2. Dead Band– Supply fan operates continuouslypp y p y– OSA is provided– No heating or cooling occurs

3. CoolingS l f t ti l– Supply fan operates continuously

– OSA is provided– No heating occurs– Verify that all cooling stages work


y g gNote the cooling test is repeated under economizer acceptance

How to drive the unit into heating, cooling or deadband Cooling

– Move thermostat cooling setpoint below the current room temperaturecurrent room temperature

Dead Band– Move the thermostat cooling setpoint above the

current room temperature andcurrent room temperature, and – Move the thermostat heating setpoint below the

current room temperatureH ti Heating– Move the thermostat heating setpoint above the

current room temperature


U i d M d T t P dUnoccupied Mode Test Procedure

4. Heating– Supply fan cycles on with call for heating (and off when satisfied)– OSA is closed or cycles with supply fan

No cooling occurs– No cooling occurs5. Dead Band

– Supply fan is off– OSA damper is closedp– No heating or cooling occurs

6. Cooling– Supply fan cycles on with call for cooling (and off when satisfied)

OSA i l d l ith l f– OSA is closed or cycles with supply fan– No heating occurs


Again, the cooling test is repeated under economizer acceptance

How to move the unit into the “unoccupied” mode

Adjust the schedule so that the unit is scheduled off at the current time, or,

Reset the current time so that it is outside of the scheduled occupiedoutside of the scheduled occupied period


O erride Mode Test Proced reOverride Mode Test Procedure

7. Enable after hours override– System goes to “occupied” modeSystem goes to occupied mode– System returns to “unoccupied” mode after

timed delayy8. Return system to normal operation

– Reset all setpoints– Reset all setpoints– Remove any jumpers


How to activate the after-hours override

Put the unit into “unoccupied” mode (see previous slide)( p )

Push the after-hours button on the thermostatthermostat





LunchLunch

DCVDCV

DCV Ch (121( )3 d 4)DCV Changes (121(c)3 and 4)

Extended to multiple zone for systems with DDC to the zone level

Exceptions added for beauty salons call centers Exceptions added for beauty salons, call centers, healthcare facilities, medical buildings, and public areas of social services buildings.E ti f <150 f ith <10 l Exception for zones <150 sf or with <10 people

Multiple sensors required for spaces >10,000 ft2 Tighter accuracy requirements for CO2 sensorsg y q Safe mode for sensor failure Display and recording of CO2 levels for DDC

systems may be at EMCSPage 98Slide 98

systems – may be at EMCS

Demand Control Ventilation Requirements (§121(c)3)DCV is required when:

– Unit has an air side economizer (single or multiple zone unit)(single or multiple zone unit)

– Zone occupant exiting density is ≤40 sf/person


DCV E ceptionsDCV Exceptions


DCV <= 40 ft2/person (egress)


Demand Control Ventilation Requirements (§121(c)4) Where DCV is applied, it must meet the following:

– One sensor for each space that meets the criteria of 121(c)3B121(c)3B

– Sensor must be CO2– Sensor must be located in the breathing zone between 3’

and 6’ AFF or at the anticipated level of the occupant’sand 6’ AFF or at the anticipated level of the occupant’s heads

– Maintain setpoint of 600ppm + OSA ppm400 PPM d f lt• 400 PPM default or

• dynamically measured


Demand Control Ventilation Requirements (§121(c)4)

Where DCV is applied, it must meet the following:– No greater than design ventilation @ 15

cfm/personNo less than ventilation from Table 121 A (cfm/ft2)– No less than ventilation from Table 121-A (cfm/ft2)

– Design ventilation for spaces without DCV


Demand Control Ventilation Requirements (§121(c)4)

Based on testing from Iowa Energy Centersee: http://www.energy.iastate.edu/Efficiency/Commercial/nbcip.htm


Can This be Done?Can This be Done?

Honeywell W7212 does all of this (SZ controller))

Others may have products as well These provisions can also be done with These provisions can also be done with

DDC controls


Do Ret rn CO2 Sensors Work?Do Return CO2 Sensors Work?

Return is diluted by otherReturn is diluted by otherZones and does not track the critical zone


DCV Acceptance TestDCV Acceptance Test


P rposePurpose

Check DCV calibration and installation Test DCV at: Test DCV at:

– High CO2 levelsLow CO2 levels– Low CO2 levels


O er ieOverview

References– Standard Sections §121(c)3, §121(c)4 andStandard Sections §121(c)3, §121(c)4 and

§125(a)5– Non Residential Appendix NA 7.5.5pp– Nonresidential Compliance Manual 10.6.12

Scope Scope– Code required DCV systems



NA 7.5.1 Outdoor Air Acceptance NA 7 5 4 (Air-Side) Economizer NA 7.5.4 (Air Side) Economizer

Acceptance This test should be combined withThis test should be combined with minimum OSA and economizer acceptance tests to reduce time andacceptance tests to reduce time and costs




T t P dTest Procedure

Step 5 was put in to resolve CalOSHA comments but is not in the forms


Step 5 was put in to resolve CalOSHA comments but is not in the forms

O idi CO2 C t lOverriding CO2 Controls

To simulate high demand you need to decrease the sensor setpointp

To simulate low demand you need to increase the sensor setpointincrease the sensor setpoint

You can also use calibrated gas



Default is 400 ppm


Air-SideAir Side EconomizerEconomizer

Air side economi erAir-side economizer

65FT

Modulating

95F

Min. Vent

T T

90FT

VS RELIEF FAN


TClosed 65F

T T65F

T 90F

Closed

VS RELIEF FAN


TClosed 65F

T T35F

T 90F

VS RELIEF FAN

Ai id i l tAir side economizer elements Dampers

– OSA– RA

Temperature sensors Temperature sensors– SAT– RAT– OAT

High limit switch Minimum position control (ventilation) Minimum position control (ventilation) Space pressure control

– Barometric or powered

Page 120

p


Airside EconomizerAcceptance Test


P rposePurpose

Check economizer installation and provision for exhaust or reliefp

Test economizer operation


O er ieOverview

References– Standard Sections §144(e) and §125(a)4– Non-Residential Appendix NA 7.5.4 – Nonresidential Compliance Manual 10.6.10

Scope– All new systems with air-side economizers

N t ti i d if i i f t– No testing required if economizer is factory installed and certified operational


B R i t i Titl 24Base Requirement in Title 24

§144(e) Economizers. Each individual cooling fan system that has a design supply capacity over 2,500 cfm and a total mechanical cooling capacity over 75 000 Bt /h h ll i l d ith75,000 Btu/hr. shall include either:– An air economizer capable of modulating outside-air and

return-air dampers to supply 100 percent of the design supply air quantity as outside-air; orsupply air quantity as outside air; or

– A water economizer … [Be] capable of providing partial cooling even when

additional mechanical cooling is required to meet the g qremainder of the cooling load.

Air-side economizers shall have high limit shutoff controls complying with TABLE 144-C.


p y g

High Limit Switch

Iowa Energy Center is testing high limit switches


see: http://www.energy.iastate.edu/Efficiency/Commercial/nbcip.htm


NA 7.5.1 Outdoor Air Acceptance NA 7.5.5 Demand Control Ventilation

A tAcceptance

Thi t t h ld b bi d ith i iThis test should be combined with minimum OSA to reduce time and costs








BreakBreak

DuctsDucts

Duct Sealing New ConstructionDuct Sealing New Construction(§144(k) & Appendix NA2)

Applies to – Constant volume single zone heating or cooling

unitsunits– Serving <5,000 sf– Where >25% duct area in outdoors and

uninsulated (or vented) atticsuninsulated (or vented) attics Leakage testing

– Leakage must be ≤6% of supply flow– Measured at 25 Pa (0.1” H2O)– Testing must be verified by a 3rd party CEC

certified rater (HERS) [details later]


Duct Sealing on RetrofitsDuct Sealing on Retrofits(§144(k), 149(b)1D/E & Appendix NA2)

Applies to retrofit when – Previous tests apply (e.g. <5000 ft2…)– Ductwork is replaced (in part or in whole)– Heating or cooling units are replaced– Replacement of major unit components including:

• Fans• Coils • Furnaces• Outdoor condensing units!


Duct Sealing on RetrofitsDuct Sealing on Retrofits(§144(k), 149(b)1D/E & Appendix NA2)

New duct leakage – ≤6%

Existing duct leakage Existing duct leakage– ≤15% of supply– >60% reduction in leakage with all visible leaks

l dsealed– Can’t get at the ducts and all visible leaks are

sealed as certified by a HERS rater Exceptions

– Asbestos– Existing ducts that were previously certified


Existing ducts that were previously certified

Tests b a ContractorTests by a Contractor

Independent HERS rater must do all of the following:– Verify the first system tested– Verify the first system tested– Verify one out of the each group of 7 tested

• If that unit fails the test, • test a second unit in the group of 7• test a second unit in the group of 7• if that fails test the other 5 in the group of 7

– Certify ALL of the tests made by the contractorEnter all tests into the HERS database– Enter all tests into the HERS database

New groups of 7 applies to each new construction project (but not for retrofit)


Duct LeakagegAcceptance Test


P rposePurpose

Check duct insulation and installation Verify duct leakage Verify duct leakage


O er ieOverview

References– Standard Sections §124, §125(a)3, §144(k) and

§149(b)1D§149(b)1D– Non-Residential Appendix NA 7.5.3– Nonresidential Compliance Manual 10.6.8p

Scope– Single zone systems serving small spaces with

i ifi t d t k td i diti dsignificant ductwork outdoors or in unconditioned spaces

– New construction and retrofits of existing units or


ducts


None




T t P dTest Procedure Must be done before ductwork is concealed Leakage tests may be done by the contractor

but must be verified by a HERS rater as yshown previously





Airside MeasuresAirside Measures

VAV Fan Capacity Control p y(§144(c)2B)

VSDs (or equivalent control) required for VAV fans (≥10 hp)

Equivalent defined as ≤30% power at 50% airflow with static pressure setpoint at 1/3 d i t tidesign static pressure


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VAV F C it C t l (§144( )2B)VAV Fan Capacity Control (§144(c)2B)

XXX

XX

XXX

X

Page 148

Static Pressure Controls (§144(c)2C/D)

For systems without DDC zone controls– Locate pressure sensor so that control setpoint

is ≤1/3 SPdesign

For systems with DDC zone controls– Provide pressure reset by zone demand

• Either from damper feedback or through trim and respond

– Sensor placement is not important

Control details are in the PIER VAV Design Guide and


Title 24 NR Manual

Static Pressure Controls (§144(c)2C/D)

Return Air Supply Air F DDC

Outside

Mixed Air (MA)

(RA)pp y

(SA)

Exhaust Ai

For non-DDC controls, locate pressure sensor where setpoint is

Air (OA)

Air (OA)

p1/3 of SP across fan


St ti P C t l (§144( )2C/D)Static Pressure Controls (§144(c)2C/D) 100%

70%

80%

90%

50%

60%

70%

cent

Fan

kW SP setpoint = TSP

SP setpoint = TSP*.75SP setpoint = TSP/2SP setpoint = TSP/3

Increa

Non-DDC

20%

30%

40%Per

c SP setpoint TSP/3SP setpoint = 0

asing ene

Non-DDC

DDC

0%

10%

20%

0

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

ergy


10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percent Fan CFM

St ti P C t l (§144( )2C/D)Static Pressure Controls (§144(c)2C/D) No Static Pressure ResetPerfect Static Pressure Reset

$3,602

$3,057$3,246 $3,171

$2,998

$3,555

$3 000

$3,500

$4,000

$0.1

2/kw

h)

Perfect Static Pressure Reset

~20%

$

$2,000

$2,500

$3,000

ergy

Cos

t (at

$

~66%

$1,254 $1,266 $1,231 $1,232 $1,250 $1,248

$500

$1,000

$1,500

nnua

l Fan

Ene

$-60" PlenumFan (3.5"

Design SP)(62 4%)

60" BI(71.2%)

66" BI(75.5%)

49" AF(75.4%)

44.5" AF(73.0%)

54" MixedFlow

(73.4%)

An


(62.4%)Case study from the PIER VAV Design Guide

VAV SystemyAcceptance Test


P rposePurpose

Check calibration and setpoint of pressure sensor for VAV systemsp y

Check stability of control on VAV systems at full and part loadsystems at full and part load


O er ieOverview

References– Standard Sections §144(c)2B and §125(a)6– Non-Residential Appendix 7.5.6– Nonresidential Compliance Manual 10.6.14

Scope– New VAV fans greater than or equal to 10 hp

B th i ti d f h– Both prescriptive and performance approach



NA7.5.1.1 Variable Air Volume Systems Outdoor Air Acceptancep

This test should be combined withThis test should be combined with minimum OSA test to reduce time and costscosts





You may have to disable SA temperature reset during this test to prevent unwanted flow fluctuationsfluctuations1. Drive boxes to achieve design airflow (refer

to min OSA test for how to do this)to min OSA test for how to do this)2. Record measured SP (must be +/- 10% of

setpoint)3. Note if fan speed stabilizes within 5 minutes



4. Drive boxes to achieve minimum airflow (refer to min OSA test for how to do this)

5. Record measured duct static pressure (must be +/- 10% of setpoint)

6. Note if fan speed stabilizes within 5 minutes


O idi VAV bOverriding VAV boxes

Covered earlier under the discussion of minimum OSA testing for VAV systemsg y




BreakBreak

Automatic Demand Shed Controls


Automatic Demand Shed Controls (122(h)) All

New!

For systems with DDC to the zone:– Ability to reset thermostat setpoint up to 4°F on all “non-

critical” zones through real or virtual DIcritical zones through real or virtual DI. – System needs an adjustable rate of change for reset

Shown by LBNL and Purdue to reduce on-peak demand by over 30%.

Supported by ASHRAE Standard 55(Table 5 2 5 2)(Table 5.2.5.2).

6 0°F 5 0°F 4 0°F 3 0°F 2 0°F Maximum Operative T t Ch All d

4 h 2 h 1 h 1/2 h 1/4 h Time Period

6 0°F 5 0°F 4 0°F 3 0°F 2 0°F Maximum Operative T t Ch All d

4 h 2 h 1 h 1/2 h 1/4 h Time Period

Page 165Slide 165

6.0°F 5.0°F 4.0°F 3.0°F 2.0°F Temperature Change Allowed 6.0°F 5.0°F 4.0°F 3.0°F 2.0°F Temperature Change Allowed

Santa Rosa Federal BuildingPink line has precoolingRed line starts on normal schedule

Santa Rosa Federal Building (LBNL)Extended Precooling (Hot days )( )

5

r

Extended precooling 1 Extended precooling 2 baseline

3

4

ldin

g po

wer

W/s

qft 2.3 W/sf shed

1

2

Who

le B

uil W

00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Time (hour)

W

Page 166

( )

O er ieOverview

References– Standard Sections §122(b)4, §122(h) and

§125(a)10– Non-Residential Appendix NA 7.5.10– Nonresidential Compliance Manual 10.6.19

Scope– New DDC Zone Controls



None


P rposePurpose

To make sure that the demand shed controls are programmed and work p gwhen engaged








B d S f T dBeyond Scope for Today

ACM Section and Test Standard SectionNA 7.5.1.11 FDD for Packaged DX Systems 125(a)11

NA 7.5.1.12 FDD for AHUS and Zone Terminal Units 125(a)12

NA 7 5 1 13 Distributed Energy Storage DX AC Systems 125(a)13NA 7.5.1.13 Distributed Energy Storage DX AC Systems 125(a)13

NA 7.5.1.14 Thermal Energy Storage Systems 125(a)14

These tests are documented in the Non-Residential Appendices and Non-Residential Compliance Manual They are only required when you seek aManual. They are only required when you seek a compliance credit.


Hydronic MeasuresHydronic Measures

Variable FlowVariable Flow Controls (Hydronic)Controls (Hydronic)

Variable Flow Design (§144(j)1)(§144(j)1)

CHW/HW systems (§144(j)1) – Where >3 control valvesWhere 3 control valves – Must reduce flow to the larger of

• 50% design flow g• The minimum flow required for the equipment


Variable Speed Drives p(§144(j)6) Where pumps are >5 hp Must be VFD or equivalent

– ≤30% power at 50% flow

For systems without DDC to the zone pressure sensor shall be mounted at eithersensor shall be mounted at either– The most remote coil or HX– The coil or HX requiring the largest DP

F t ith DDC t th d d b d For system with DDC to the zone demand based pressure reset (based on valve demand) is required

Exception for HW pumps

New


Exception for HW pumps

Variable Flow DesigngAcceptance Tests

NA 7.5.7 Valve Leakage TestTest

NA 7.5.9 Hydronic System Variable Flow ControlVariable Flow Control Acceptance


P rposePurpose

Make sure that the system has 2-way valves to provide variable flowp

Ensure that the valves operate to provide flow variationsprovide flow variations

Ensure that the valve actuators have sufficient strength to close off againstsufficient strength to close off against the pump pressure


O er ieOverview

References– Standard Sections §144(j)1, §144(j)6 and

§125(a)7– Non-Residential Appendix NA 7.5.7 and 7.5.9

Nonresidential Compliance Manual 10 6 16 and– Nonresidential Compliance Manual 10.6.16 and 10.6.18

Scope Scope– New valves on hot and chilled water systems– New pumps on existing variable flow systems


p p g y

Test for Valve Actuator Close Off Pressure Test is to “dead head” the distribution pump

with all valves closed tight. Leakage is detected if the measured pressure is lessdetected if the measured pressure is less than the dead head pressure for the pump.– Note: 3-way valves need to be manually isolated y y

for this test


E ample P mp C r eExample Pump CurveFor a 10” impellor the “dead head” pressure is 104 ft of w.c.



NA 7.5.9 Hydronic System Variable Flow Control Acceptancep





1. Dead head the pump by shutting the discharge isolation valve Record the pressure across the pump

2. Dead head the pump again by driving all 2-way valves shut (and manually isolating any 3 way valves) Record the pressure across the pump

3. Compare pressure readings, if more than 5% difference find and fix the leakage

4. Restore any overrides of controls


O idi V lOverriding Valves

On pneumatic systems you may be able to bleed the air from the zones

On other control systems you can drop the heating setpoint below the current t t ( it f li )temperature (opposite for cooling)

On DDC systems you can command the l t h tvalve to shut




Variable FlowVariable Flow ControlsControls

Pump

VSD

Constr ction Inspection VSD

Pump

Construction Inspection


T t P d VSD

Pump

Test Procedure


O idi V l VSD

Pump

Overriding Valves

See previous section on valve leakage test


VSD

Pump


VSD

Pump


VSD

Pump


Water-Loop HP andWater Loop HP and AC ControlsAC Controls

WLHP/AC Variable Flow(§144(j)5)(§144(j)5)

New

Water-loop heat pump and AC systems (§144(j)5)(§ (j) )– Where total loop pumps > 5 hp – Must have isolation valves at each heatMust have isolation valves at each heat

pump or AC unit regardless of size


WLHP/AC Variable Flow DesigngAcceptance Test

Repeat variable flow NA 7.5.9 and valve shut off tests NA 7.5.7 from previous sectionsection


Overriding AC and HP Control gValves

Open valves by causing HP or AC units into full cooling or heating (for HPs) by changing setpoint

Close valve by putting all HP or AC units into d d b d (b h i t i t)dead band (by changing setpoint)


Automatic IsolationAutomatic Isolation ControlsControls

Chiller and Boiler Isolation (§144(j)3)(§144(j)3)

Where chillers or boilers are headered you must provide automated isolation valves

Doesn’t apply to series chillersMust have an actuator


O er ieOverview

References– Standard Sections §144(j)2 and §125(a)8Standard Sections §144(j)2 and §125(a)8– Non-Residential Appendix 7.5.7– Nonresidential Compliance Manual 10 6 16Nonresidential Compliance Manual 10.6.16

ScopeNew chillers and boilers with headered– New chillers and boilers with headered pumps


Chiller and Boiler Isolation Acceptance Test

This is a repeat of the valve leakage test NA7.5.7


Supply Water ResetSupply Water Reset ControlsControls

CHW and HW Temperature Reset p(§144(j)4)

Where the system is > 500,000 Btuh By demand or indirect measure (e.g. OAT)y ( g ) Exception where variable flow design

complying with (§144(j)1) – Supply temperature reset increases pump energy


CHW and HW Temperature pReset Acceptance Test


O er ieOverview

References– Standard Sections §144(j)4 and §125(a)9

N R id ti l A di NA 7 5 8– Non-Residential Appendix NA 7.5.8– Nonresidential Compliance Manual 10.6.17

Scope Scope– New constant flow chilled and hot water systems

only– Must have design capacity over 500kBtuh– Not required if system is variable flow per §144(j)1



None


P rposePurpose

To make sure that the reset logic works if installed






O idi R tOverriding Reset

If the reset is by valve position, force one valve into full demand by– Changing the SAT setpoint to drive it open– Overriding it in the DDC system

If reset is by OSA– Override value in DDC system



Should say, “Restore Controls”


Q estionsQuestions


Documents

PG&E Pacific Energy Center Presents:PG&E Pacific ... - Hawaii · 2008 Title 24 Nonresidential HVAC and Acceptance Test Requirements Mark Hydeman, PE, FASHRAE ... HVAC and lighting