Pertemuan 6 7 PTI

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  • Pengantar Teknik Industri

    TIN 4103

  • Lecture 6 & 7

    Outline:

    Perencanaan dan Perancangan Tata Letak Pabrik

    Penentuan Lokasi Pabrik

    Perancangan Layout Fasilitas

    References: Heragu, S. (2008). Facilities Design (3rd Ed.). CRC Press.

    Wignjosoebroto, Sritomo. 1996. Pengantar Teknik dan Manajemen Industri. Jakarta: Guna Widya.

  • Tata Letak Fasilitas

  • Pentingnya Perencanaan Fasilitas

    Industrialisasi >>>

    long-term capital assets

    Perawatan dan modifikasi >>> kinerja produksi

    Overall planning process

  • Pentingnya Perencanaan Fasilitas

    20-75% of product cost attributed to materials handling (Sule, 1991 and Tompkins et al.

    2003)

    Layout of facilities affects materials handling costs

    Facilities

    machines, departments, workstations,

    locker rooms, service areas, etc.

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  • Tujuan Perencanaan Fasilitas

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    Mencapai visi organisasi/enterprise (perbaikan material handling, pengontrolan aliran material dan pencapaian good housekeeping)

    Meningkatkan efektivitas personil, peralatan, ruang, dan energi

    Meminimalkan investasi biaya

    Menunjang proses perawatan yang teratur dan adabtable

    Menunjang keselamatan dan kepuasan pekerja

  • www.aeunike.lecture.ub.ac.id

    Facilities Planning

    Facilities Design

    Structural Design

    Facilities Layout Design

    Material Handling System

    Design

    Facilities Location

  • PENENTUAN LOKASI

  • Facilities Location

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    Facilities Location

    Retail outlets

    Retail outlets

    Manufacturing plant

    Manufacturing plant

    Assembly plant

    Central distribution center(s)

    Raw material(s)

    Supplier

    Supplier

    Regional distribution center(s)

    Regional distribution center(s)

    Supply Chain Management Logistics

    Management Transportation and Distribution

    of Goods (raw materials, subassemblies and finished goods)

  • Faktor - Faktor Pertimbangan dalam Analisa & Pemilihan Lokasi Pabrik

    1. Projected Requirement in Production Inputs

    Human resources (skills, amounts, quality, etc)

    Raw materials, parts, components, etc

    Energy, water & other utilities/services

    Transportation/distribution & communication facilities

    Physical space for planned facilities & future expansion

    2. Objective Factors

    Factors will affect the cost and profits of new installation

    Projected levels of annual demand

    Projected annual operating costs (transportation, wages, energy, water, taxes, etc

    Costs of construction of new facilities

    Other economic factors

    3. Subjective Factors

    Factors will influence the community and site selection

    Existing laws that will affect the firms activities

    Labor market characteristics, transportation & distribution networks, supporting infra-structure (power, water, waste treatment, telephone, etc.)

    Community characteristics (demography/population make-up; cultural background, attitudes & tradition; quality of life (noise, congestion); housing, recreation & education facilities; financial services; and other services

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  • Procedure for Selecting a Location for New Facilities/Plant

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  • Classifications of logistics management problems

    Location problems Determining the location of one or more new facilities

    in one or more of several potential sites

    Allocation problems Determine how much each facility is to supply each

    customer center

    Location-Allocation problems Determining how much each customer is to receive

    from each facility, number, locations, and capacities of facilities

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  • Classification of Location Models

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    Location Location-Allocation

    Multi-facility

    Single-facility

    Finite / Discrete

    Infinite / Continuous

    Qualitative Quantitative

    Qualitative & Quantitative

    Minimize Total Cost

    Minimize Maximum Cost

  • Techniques of Discrete Space Location Problems

    Qualitative Analysis Ranking procedure

    Quantitative Analysis Transportation Simplex

    Heuristic

    Northwest corner

    Vogels approximation

    Hybrid Analysis Brown-Gibson (1972) / Buffa-Sarin (1987)

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    Penyelesaian Awal

  • Ranking Procedure Metode kualitatif & subyektif Untuk analisa & evaluasi untuk problem yang sulit untuk bisa dikuantitatifkan

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    Buat Daftar Faktor2 ( Yij ) Lokasi Yang Relevan

    Beri Bobot Berdasar Derajat Kepentingannya untuk Setiap

    Faktor ( Wi )

    Pengembangan Alternatif Lokasi & Skoring

    Bobot x Skor (Zj) (untuk setiap alternatif lokasi)

    Raw material supply Labor supply Market location

    Climate condition Law & rules Factory utilities & services etc.

    Raw material supply X1 Labor supply X2 Market location X3 Dst-nya

    Alternatif lokasi A (j) Skor (Wi) utk faktor Yij? Alternatif lokasi B (j) Alternatif lokasi C (j) Dst-nya

    Nilai alternatif lokasi = Bobot x Skor utk setiap faktor

    Zj = (Wi x Yij)

    Tentukan alternatif lokasi ( j )

  • Contoh kasus

    PT. X ingin melakukan ekspansi pabrik dengan beberapa alternatif lokasi sbb :

    Alternatif lokasi 1 = Sidoarjo

    Alternatif lokasi 2 = Pasuruan

    Alternatif lokasi 3 = Krian

    Faktor penentu yaitu Ketersedian bahan baku, Tenaga Kerja, dan Transportasi

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    Bobot ketiga faktor penentu tersebut : Ketersedian bahan baku = 40% Tenaga Kerja = 35% Total = 100% Transportasi = 25%

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    Penentuan total nilai dari masing-masing alternatif lokasi : ZSidoarjo = (40% x 8) + (35% x 7) + (25% x 9) = 7,9 ZPasuruan = (40% x 5) + (35% x 8) + (25% x 7) = 6,55 ZKrian = (40% x 7) + (35% x 4) + (25% x 8) = 6,2

    Total nilai terbesar adalah lokasi Sidoarjo dengan total nilai 7,9

    Faktor Penentu Sidoarjo Pasuruan Krian

    Ketersediaan bahan baku (40%) 8 5 7

    Tenaga Kerja (35%) 7 8 4

    Transportasi (25%) 9 7 8

    Pemberian skor nilai antara 0 10 diberikan sbb:

  • Heuristic Method

    Least cost assignment routine methode

    Prinsip :

    alokasi demand sebesar-besarnya pada lokasi sumber yang memberikan biaya transportasi yang sekecil-kecilnya secara berturut-turut

    Sederhana, cepat, namun hasil tidak selalu optimal

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  • Pada sel matrik dibawah ini diketahui adanya permintaan sebesar 10,000 ton dari 4 buah lokasi permintaan dengan kemampuan supplai yang sama besar dari 3 buah sumber. Dengan menggunakan metode heuristic akan ditentukan besarnya alokasi ke sel tertentu sbb :

    SUMBER TUJUAN

    Kapasitas A1 A2 A3 A4

    F1

    $ 10 $ 8 $ 5 $ 6

    2400 ton

    F2

    $ 5 $ 2 $ 6 $ 3

    4000 ton

    F3

    $ 9 $ 7 $ 4 $ 7

    3600 ton

    Permintaan 2300 ton 3400 ton 2500 ton 1800 ton 10000 ton www.aeunike.lecture.ub.ac.id

    Contoh kasus

  • Langkah Penyelesaian :

    SUMBER TUJUAN

    Kapasitas A1 A2 A3 A4

    F1 1200

    $ 10 $ 8 $ 5

    1200

    $ 6

    2400 ton (6) (4)

    F2

    $ 5

    3400

    $ 2 $ 6

    600

    $ 3

    4000 ton (1) (2)

    F3 1100

    $ 9 $ 7

    2500

    $ 4 $ 7

    3600 ton (5) (3)

    Permintaan 2300 ton 3400 ton 2500 ton 1800 ton 10000 ton

    Z = (1200x$10) + (1100x$9) + (3400x$2) + (2500x$4) + (1200x$6) + (600x$3) = $47700

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  • Northwest - Corner Rule

    Prinsip :

    alokasi pertama pada sel kiri atas, kemudian alokasi horizontal ke sel kanan dan kemudian vertikal kebawah, dst....

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  • SUMBER TUJUAN

    Kapasitas A1 A2 A3 A4

    F1 2300

    $ 10

    100

    $ 8 $ 5 $ 6

    2400 ton (1) (2)

    F2

    $ 5

    3300

    $ 2

    700

    $ 6 $ 3

    4000 ton (3) (4)

    F3

    $ 9 $ 7

    1800

    $ 4

    1800

    $ 7

    3600 ton (5) (6)

    Permintaan 2300 ton 3400 ton 2500 ton 1800 ton 10000 ton

    Z = (2300x$10)+(100x$8)+(3300x$2)+(700x$6)+(1800x$4)+(1800x$7) = $ 54400

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    Contoh kasus

    Soal sama dengan di atas:

  • Vogels Approximation Method

    Prinsip :

    alokasi ditentukan berdasarkan selisih terbesar antara 2 unit biaya (Cij) terkecil dalam satu kolom atau satu baris, Perhitungan selisih biaya terbesar berlanjut sebanyak iterasi yang dilakukan, Alokasi suplai maksimal pada sel yg terpilih

    Lebih panjang prosesnya namun hasil lebih optimal dibanding dua metode sebelumnya

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  • Langkah 1 :

    SUMBER TUJUAN Kapasit

    as Cij

    A1 A2 A3 A4

    F1 $ 10 $ 8 $ 5 $ 6 2400

    ton

    (6-5)

    1

    F2 $ 5

    3400 $ 2 $ 6 $ 3 4000

    ton

    (3-2)

    1 (1)

    F3 $ 9 $ 7 $ 4 $ 7 3600

    ton

    (7-4)

    3

    Permintaan 2300 ton 3400 ton 2500 ton 1800 ton

    10000 ton Ci (9-5)

    4

    (7-2)

    5

    (5-4)

    1

    (6-3)

    3

    1. Perhitungkan selisih 2 unit cost terkecil (Ci) dari tiap baris dan kolom dari sel matrik tersebut

    2. Pengalokasian akan dilakukan pada kolom dengan hasil unit cost terbesar (kolom ke-2) dan sel yang unit cost yang terkecil (sel (2,2))

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    Contoh kasus

    Soal sama dengan di atas:

  • Langkah 2 :

    SUMBER TUJUAN

    Kapasitas Cij A1 A2 A3 A4

    F1

    $ 10 $ 8 $ 5 $ 6

    2400 ton (6-5)

    1

    F2 600

    $ 5

    3400

    $ 2 $ 6 $ 3

    600 ton (5-3)

    2 (2) (1)

    F3

    $ 9 $ 7 $ 4 $ 7

    3600 ton (7-4)

    3

    Permintaa

    n 2300 ton 3400 ton 2500 ton 1800 ton

    6600 ton

    Ci (9-5)

    4

    (5-4)

    1

    (6-3)

    3

    1. Arsirlah kolom kolom ke-2, karena kolom tersebut sudah terpenuhi semua permintaannya 2. Hitung kembali selisih unit cost tiap kolom dan baris. 3. Dari sel matrik diatas (langkah 2), nilai selisih unit cost terbesar pada kolom 1, dan alokasi unit cost

    terkceil pada sel (2,1). Namun karena supplai dari sumber 2 hanya memiliki 600 ton/minggu, maka alokasi hanya bisa sebesar 600 ton/minggu ke sel (2,1).

    4. Arsirlah baris ke-2.

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  • Langkah 3 :

    SUMBER TUJUAN

    Kapasitas Cij A1 A2 A3 A4

    F1

    $ 10 $ 8 $ 5 $ 6

    2400 ton (6-5)

    1

    F2 600

    $ 5

    3400

    $ 2 $ 6 $ 3

    600 ton (5-3)

    2 (2) (1)

    F3

    $ 9 $ 7

    2500

    $ 4 $ 7

    3600 ton (7-4)

    3 (3)

    Permintaan 1700 ton 3400 ton 2500 ton 1800 ton

    6000 ton

    Ci (10-9)

    1

    (5-4)

    1

    (7-6)

    1

    1. Selisih unit cost terbesar berikutnya adalah pada baris ke-3, dan alokasi unit cost terkecil pada sel (3,3) sejumlah 2500 ton/minggu.

    2. Arsirlah kolom 3.

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  • Langkah 4 :

    SUMBER TUJUAN Kapasi

    tas Cij

    A1 A2 A3 A4

    F1

    $ 10 $ 8 $ 5

    1800

    $ 6 2400

    ton

    (10-6)

    4 (4)

    F2 600

    $ 5

    3400

    $ 2 $ 6 $ 3 600

    ton (5-3) 2 (2) (1)

    F3

    $ 9 $ 7

    2500

    $ 4 $ 7 1100

    ton

    (9-7)

    2 (3)

    Permintaan 1700 ton 3400 ton 2500 ton 1800 ton

    3500 ton

    Ci (10-9)

    1

    (5-4)

    1

    (7-6)

    1

    1. Selisih terbesar pada langkah ke-4 adalah pada baris pertama, dan alokasi unit cost terkecil untuk sel (1,4) A

    2. Arsirlah kolom 4.

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  • Langkah 5 :

    SUMBER TUJUAN

    Kapasitas Cij A1 A2 A3 A4

    F1 600

    $ 10 $ 8 $ 5

    1800

    $ 6

    600 ton 4 (5) (4)

    F2 600

    $ 5

    3400

    $ 2 $ 6 $ 3

    600 ton (5-3)

    2 (2) (1)

    F3 1100

    $ 9 $ 7

    2500

    $ 4 $ 7

    1100 ton 9 (5) (3)

    Permintaa

    n

    1700 ton 3400 ton 2500 ton 1800 ton

    1700 ton

    Ci (10-9)

    1

    (5-4)

    1

    (7-6)

    1

    1. Selisih terbesar pada baris ke-3, alokasi unit cost terkecil pada sel (3,1) 2. Arsirlah baris ke-3. 3. Sel terakhir yang tersisa adalah sel (1,1) akan dialokasikan sebesar 600 ton/minggu.

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  • Hasil Akhir :

    SUMBER TUJUAN

    Kapasitas A1 A2 A3 A4

    F1 600

    $ 10 $ 8 $ 5

    1800

    $ 6

    1600 ton (5) (4)

    F2 600

    $ 5

    3400

    $ 2 $ 6 $ 3

    600 ton (2) (1)

    F3 1100

    $ 9 $ 7

    2500

    $ 4 $ 7

    1100 ton (5) (3)

    Permintaan 1700 ton 3400 ton 2500 ton 1800 ton 1700 ton

    Z = (600x$10) + (600x$5) + (1100x$9) + (3400x$2) + (2500x$4) + (1800x$6) = $46500

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  • Perbandingan Hasil

    METODE HASIL (Z) KESIMPULAN

    LEAST COST $47700 BELUM OPTIMAL

    NORTHWEST $ 54400 BELUM OPTIMAL

    VOGEL $46500 SUDAH OPTIMAL???

    Untuk mengoptimalkan hasil dari metode2 penyelesaian awal diggunakan metode Stepping Stone

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  • Stepping Stone Method

    Langkah Optimalisasi

    Prinsip : Alokasikan kembali supply pada sel yang kosong (belum teralokasikan)

    dengan perbedaan biaya transportasi tiap sel yang terkecil

    Semua sel kosong dihitung indeks cost sebagai indeks penyesuaian dan dipilih sel yang negatif nilainya

    Alokasi dilakukan pada rangkaian sel-sel dalam suatu unique closed path

    Iterasi dilakukan sampai semua indeks penyesuaian bernilai positif

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  • Menggunakan konsep Preference of measurement konsep penilaian terhadap suatu alternatif solusi dengan kriteria tertentu

    berdasarkan prinsip preferensi, yang menggabungkan faktor-faktor kristis (critical), kuantitatif (obyektif) dan kualitatif (subyektif).

    Langkah penyelesaian metode ini adalah sbb: 1. Eliminasi alternatif yang jelas tidak memenuhi syarat / tidak layak

    (critical factor). Misalnya : Harga lahan melebihi budget untuk investasi lahan,

    2. Tentukan Performance of measurements dari Objective Factor (OF)

    Ci adalah total annual cost untuk alternatif i

    Metode Brown-Gibson

    )1

    (

    1

    CiC

    OF

    i

    i

    p

    i

    ijipiii CFCFCFCFCF1

    21 ...

  • Contoh:

    Alternatif

    Yearly Cost (Rp,1,000,000,000,-) Total (Ci) 1/Ci Labor Distribution Tax Others

    Lokasi A 3,62 2,08 0,25 4,0 9,95 0,100503

    Lokasi B 3,4 2,75 0,3 4,0 10,45 0,095694

    Lokasi C 3,75 2,9 0,4 4,0 11,05 0,090498

    Total: 0,286695

    Sehingga dapat dihitung besarnya Performance of Measurement dari tiap alternatif :

    Total OFi = 0,35056 + 0,33378 + 0,31566 1

    286695,095,91

    x

    = 0,35056

    OFA = 286695,045,10

    1

    x

    = 0,33378

    OFB = 286695,005,111

    xOFC =

    = 0,31566

  • 3. Tentukan Faktor Subyektif yang berpengaruh secara significant terhadap penentuan lokasi dan tentukan SFi.

    SFi = (W1xR1)+ (W2xR2)+ (W3xR3)+... Wi = rating faktor untuk setiap faktor subyektif yang ada Ri = rating faktor untuk setiap alternatif berdasarkan tiap faktor subyektif

    Gunakan tabel perbandingan antar faktor subyektif membandingkan tingkat kepentingan (Faktor mana yang lebih penting dari 2 faktor yang dibandingkan? ). Jika Faktor A lebih penting dibanding faktor B, maka faktor A diberi

    nilai 1, faktor B diberi nilai 0. Jika kedua faktor dinilai memiliki tingkat kepentingan yang sama maka

    kedua faktor tersebut diberi nilai 1

  • Contoh: Terdapat 3 faktor subyektif yaitu tersedianya : a. Fasilitas pendidikan b. Fasilitas perumahan c. Sikap Masyarakat

    Faktor Subyektif

    Pairwise Comparation Total Score Wi Pendidikan Perumahan Sikap Masy.

    Pendidikan 1 1 1 3 0,43

    Perumahan 0 1 0 1 0,14

    Sikap Masy. 1 1 1 3 0,43

    7 1,00

    Dari tabel diatas diketahui bahwa : Faktor pendidikan lebih penting dari faktor perumahan Faktor pendidikan sama pentingnya dengan faktor sikap masyarakat. Faktor perumahan tidak lebih penting dari faktor sikap masyarakat.

    Penentuan Index Faktor Subyektif

  • Perbandingan antar alternatif untuk faktor Pendidikan, Perumahan, Sikap Masyarakat:

    Faktor Pendidikan

    Alternatif

    Pairwise Comparation

    Total Score Ri A B C

    A 1 1 0 2 0,33

    B 0 1 0 1 0,17

    C 1 1 1 3 0,50

    Total 6 1,00

    Faktor Perumahan

    Alternatif

    Pairwise Comparation

    Total Score

    Ri A B C

    A 1 1 1 3 0,50

    B 0 1 0 1 0,17

    C 0 1 1 2 0,33

    6 1,00

    Faktor Sikap Masyarakat

    Alternatif

    Pairwise Comparation

    Total Score Ri A B C

    A 1 1 0 2 0,33

    B 0 1 1 2 0,33

    C 1 0 1 2 0,33

    Total 6 1,00

  • SFA = (0,43x0,33) + (0,14x0,5) + (0,43x0,33) = 0,3538 SFB = (0,43x0,17) + (0,14x0,17) + (0,43x0,33) = 0,2388 SFC = (0,43x0,50) + (0,14x0,33) + (0,43x0,33) = 0,4031

    Total SF = 0,3538 + 0,2388 + 0,4031 1

    Sehingga dapat ditentukan besarnya faktor subyektif dari tiap alternatif sbb:

    4. Tentukan bobot faktor obyektif (k) dan nilai LPMi Antara faktor obyektif dan faktor subyektif perlu ditentukan besarnya bobot

    dari kedua faktor tersebut, faktor mana yang lebih dianggap penting. Jika diberikan bobot untuk faktor obyektif sebesar 80%, k = 80%.

    Maka faktor obyektif memberikan kontribusi terhadap nilai total sebesar 80% dan nilai subyektif hanya memberikan kontribusi sebesar 20% saja. Maka bobot untuk faktor subjective, (1-k) = 20%.

    Tahapan terakhir dalam metode ini adalah menentukan nilai

    LPM (Location Preference Measure)

    LPMi = CFi [k (OFi) + (1-k) (SFi)]

  • Contoh: Dari contoh soal diatas sudah dapat ditentukan nilai OF dan SF dari masing-masing alternatif, dengan memberikan bobot untuk faktor obyektif sebesar 80%, k = 80% (sehingga bobot faktor subyektif = (1-k) = 20%), maka dapat ditentukan nilai LPM sbb :

    Total LPM = 0,351208 + 0,337784 + 0.323288 1

    Kesimpulan : Alternatif terbaik adalah alternatif A dengan nilai LPM terbesar.

    LPMA = (0,8 x 0,35056) + (0,2 x 0,3538) = 0,351208 (Alternatif Terbaik) LPMB = (0,8 x 0,33378) + (0,2 x 0,3538) = 0,337784 LPMC = (0,8 x 0,31566) + (0,2 x 0,3538) =0,323288

  • Application in Location Problems Seers Inc. telah memiliki 2 plants yang melayani permimtaan di 4 kota.

    Saat ini Seers Inc. sedang mempertimbangkan untuk membuka satu cabang lagi. Alternatif yang dimiliki adalah Atlanta atau Pitsburg. Kapasitas maksimum yang diharapkan pada plant yang baru sebesar 330.

    Catatan: kedua alternatif tempat baru tidak membatasi kapasitas.

    TENTUKAN TEMPAT MANA YANG PALING SESUAI UNTUK MENDIRIKAN PLANT BARU.

    Data Costs, Demand, dan Supply adalah sbb:

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    Boston Philadel-phia

    Galveston Raleigh Supply Capacity

    Albany 10 15 22 20 250

    Little Rock 19 15 10 9 300

    Atlanta 21 11 13 6 No Limit

    Pitsburg 17 8 18 12 No Limit

    Demand 200 100 300 280

  • Latihan Soal

    Factors

    Critical Objective Subjective

    Water Supply

    Tax Incentives

    Revenue Labor Cost Energy

    Cost

    Community Attitude

    Ease of Transporta

    tion

    Labor Unionizati

    on

    Support Services

    0.3 0.4 0.25 0.05

    Albany 0 1 185 80 10 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.7

    Kingston 1 1 150 100 15 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.75

    Montreal 1 1 170 90 13 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.8

    Ottawa 1 0 200 100 15 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.8

    Plattsburg 1 1 140 75 8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.55

    Rochester 1 1 150 75 11 0.7 0.65 0.4 0.8

    Mole-Sun Brewing Company is evaluating six candidate locations-Montreal, Plattsburg, Ottawa, Albany, Rochester, and Kingston-for constructing a new brewery. The two critical, three objective, and four subjective factors that management wishes to incoporate in its decision making are summarized in the table. The weights of the subjective factors are also provided in the table. Determine the best location if the subjective factors are to be weigthed 50% more than the objective factors.

  • Layout Problem

  • Sistematika Perancangan Fasilitas

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  • Prinsip-prinsip

    Perancangan Fasilitas

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    Integrasi Total

    Jarak Perpindahan Bahan Yang Minimal

    Aliran Proses Kerja

    Pemanfaatan Ruangan

    Kepuasan Dan Keselamatan Kerja

    Fleksibilitas

  • Permasalahan Layout?

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    Space Availability

    Penempatan fasilitas secara utuh dalam ruangan yang tersedia

    Material Flow Process

    Pengaturan untuk kelancaran arus perpindahan

    Material Handling

    Perpindahan material yang tidak dapat dihindari

    Flexibility

    Penyesuaian bila terjadi investasi lanjutan

  • Applications Manufacturing

    Healthcare

    Service

    Restaurants

    Banks

    Airports

    Entertainment

    Logistics and Distribution

    Ports/Terminals

    Distribution Centers www.aeunike.lecture.ub.ac.id

  • Types of layout problems (Examples)

    JIT manufacturer

    Relayout of an existing facility

    Relayout due to increased traffic (resulting from a merger)

    Consolidation of manufacturing operations from two or more sites to one

    Leasing of office space in a multi-story building

    Find a better layout in existing space

    Introduction of new product lines

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  • Types of layout problems

    Layout of a service system

    Layout of a manufacturing facility

    Warehouse layout

    Nontraditional layout

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  • Operations review for office layouts

    (Suskind, 1989) Is the company outgrowing its space?

    Is available space too expensive?

    Is building in the proper location?

    How will a new layout affect the organization and service?

    Are office operations too centralized or decentralized?

    Does the office structure support the strategic plan?

    Is the new layout in tune with the companys image

    Does customer physically participate in service delivery?

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  • Plan, Factory & Pabrik?

    Plant, factory, production & manufacturing activities.

    Proses fabrikasi & perakitan (assembly)

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  • Macam-macam pabrik / industri

    Berdasarkan Output / Proses:

    Raw Material/Primary

    Industries

    Manufacturing

    Industries (Producer/

    Consumer Goods)

    Distribution/Transpor

    tation Industries

    Service Industries

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  • Macam-macam pabrik / industri

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  • Service system layout Dentists office

    Staff Lounge

    Dentists Room

    Oral Hygienists

    Room

    X-Ray Room

    Records Room

    Orthodontists Room

    Oral Hygienists Room

    Mens Rest Room

    Womens Rest Room Waiting

    Area

    Reception

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  • Service system layout Grocery store

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  • Office structures

    Closed structure

    Semiclosed structure

    Open structure

    Semiopen structure

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  • Closed structure

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  • Semiclosed structure

    Teller Teller Teller

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  • Open structure

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  • Semiopen structure

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  • Manufacturing layout

    Minimize transportation cost of raw materials, sub-assemblies, work-in-process inventory, tools, parts, finished products, etc.

    Facilitate traffic flow

    Improve employee morale

    Minimize or eliminate risk of injury and property damage

    Ease of supervision and face-to-face communication

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  • Driveway layout

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  • Warehouse layout

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  • Nontraditional layout

    Keyboard layout

    IC board layout

    Computer disk storage layout

    Airport gate layout

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  • Product and Process Analysis

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  • PRODUCT ANALYSIS

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  • Data required for developing good layouts

    Product Analysis

    Types of products and specifications

    Detail of components

    Production volume

    Process Analysis

    Material flow (patern, diagram, data)

    Types of layout

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  • Product Analysis

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    Specification a.Dimension, Weight, Material & Drawing

    b.Quality of product

    c.Specific requirement

    Volume Production quantity & variation

    Parts

    Breakdown

    a.Flow process. b.Assembly process.

    c.Processing time.

    d.Machine, jig, tool and other.

  • Process Flowcharts

    Reserve Storage

    Quality Assurance

    Back to Vendor

    UPS

    Parcel Post

    Next-Day UPS

    Mono-gramming

    Embroid-ering

    Hemming

    Gift Boxing

    Receiving Active Bins

    Picking Packing Shipping

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  • Process Maps

    Place order

    Drink

    Eat salad or soup

    Eat dinner

    Receives check

    Gives payment to waiter

    Collect change, leave tip

    Fill in tip amount

    Give order to waiter

    Prepare dinner order

    Prepare soup or salad order

    Give order to waiter

    Is order complete?

    Give soup or salad order to chef

    Give dinner order to chef

    Get drinks for customer

    Deliver salad or soup order to customer

    Deliver dinner to customer

    Deliver check to customer

    Receive payment for meal

    Cash or Credit?

    Bring change to customer

    Run credit card through

    Return credit slip to customer

    Collect tip

    Y

    N

    Credit

    Cash

    Customer Waiter Salad Chef Dinner Chef

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  • Make vs. Buy?

    Can item be

    purchased?

    MAKE

    Can we

    make the

    item?

    BUY

    Is it cheaper

    for us to

    make?

    BUY

    Is the capital

    available?

    MAKE

    Yes

    No

    Yes Yes

    No

    No No

    BUY

    Yes

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  • Found by superimposing the

    route sheets and the

    assembly chart, a chart

    results that gives an

    overview of the flow within

    the facility.

    Operations Process Chart www.aeunike.lecture.ub.ac.id

  • Operator Machine Charts

    Time Operator M1 M2 Time Operator M1 M2 M2

    0.5 U1 UNLOAD RUN 0.5 U1 UNLOAD RUN RUN

    1 U1 UNLOAD RUN 1 U1 UNLOAD RUN RUN

    1.5 L1 LOAD RUN 1.5 L1 LOAD RUN RUN

    2 L1 LOAD RUN 2 L1 LOAD RUN RUN

    2.5 I&P RUN RUN 2.5 I&P 1 RUN IDLE RUN

    3 T-2 RUN RUN 3 T-2 RUN IDLE RUN

    3.5 U2 RUN UNLOAD 3.5 U2 RUN UNLOAD RUN

    4 U2 RUN UNLOAD 4 U2 RUN UNLOAD RUN

    4.5 L2 RUN LOAD 4.5 L2 RUN LOAD RUN

    5 L2 RUN LOAD 5 L2 RUN LOAD RUN

    5.5 I&P RUN RUN 5.5 I&P 2 RUN RUN IDLE

    6 T-1 RUN RUN 6 T-3 RUN RUN IDLE

    6.5 RUN RUN 6.5 U3 RUN RUN UNLOAD

    7 RUN RUN 7 U3 RUN RUN UNLOAD

    7.5 IDLE RUN RUN 7.5 L3 RUN RUN LOAD

    8 RUN RUN 8 L3 RUN RUN LOAD

    8.5 I&P 3 IDLE RUN RUN

    Cycle Time 8 min 9 T-3 IDLE RUN RUN

    Oper. Idle 2 min

    Mach Idle 0 min Cycle Time 9 min

    Prod Rate 0.25 pc/min Oper. Idle 0 min

    Mach Idle 1 min

    Prod Rate 0.333333 pc/min

    TWO MACHINES THREE MACHINES

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  • PROCESS ANALYSIS

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  • Manufacturing Process: Simple Description

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    Inventory

    Suppliers$ $ $

    Material

    Manufacturing Manufacturing

    Manufacturing Inventory

    Quality Assurance

    Distribution

    CACAT

    RECYCLE

    RECYCLE

    CACAT

    CACAT

    RECYCLECACAT

    WIP Stotage WIP Stotage WIP Stotage

  • Five types of layout

    Product layout

    Process layout

    Fixed-position layout

    Group-technology layout

    Hybrid layout

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  • Types of Departments/Layouts Volume

    High

    Medium

    Low

    Low Medium High Variety

    Product

    Department

    Fixed Materials

    Location

    Department

    Process

    Department

    Product

    Family

    Department

    Product

    Layout

    Fixed Location

    Layout

    Group Technology

    Layout

    Process

    Layout

    Source: John S. Usher class notes www.aeunike.lecture.ub.ac.id

  • Product layout

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  • Product Layouts

    L

    L

    L L

    L M

    M

    M

    D D

    D

    D G

    G

    G

    G A

    A

    Product C Department

    Product A Department

    P

    P

    P

    Product B Department

    A

    Ship

    pin

    g De

    partm

    en

    t

    Re

    ceivin

    g De

    partm

    en

    t

    Source: John S. Usher class notes www.aeunike.lecture.ub.ac.id

  • Process layout

    TM

    TM TM

    TM

    DM

    DM

    DM

    VMM VMM BM BM

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  • The Process Layout

    L

    L

    L

    L

    L

    L

    L

    L

    L

    L M

    M

    M

    M

    D

    D

    D

    D

    D

    D

    D

    D

    G

    G

    G

    G

    G

    G

    A A A Receiving and Shipping Assembly

    Painting Department

    Lathe Department Milling

    Department Drilling Department

    Grinding Department

    P

    P

    Source: John S. Usher class notes www.aeunike.lecture.ub.ac.id

  • Flow of Materials in Process Layouts

    L

    L

    L

    L

    L

    L

    L

    L

    L

    L M

    M

    M

    M

    D

    D

    D

    D

    D

    D

    D

    D

    G

    G

    G

    G

    G

    G

    A A A Receiving and Shipping Assembly

    Painting Department

    Lathe Department Milling

    Department Drilling Department

    Grinding Department

    P

    P

    Source: Russell & Taylor, 2007 www.aeunike.lecture.ub.ac.id

  • Project (Fixed-Position) Layout

    L

    L

    L

    L

    M

    D D D

    G

    G G

    G

    A

    A

    Receiving and Shipping

    P

    Storage

    Storage

    Source: John S. Usher class notes www.aeunike.lecture.ub.ac.id

  • Group technology layout

    TM

    TM

    TM

    TM

    DM

    DM

    DM

    VMM

    VMM

    BM BM

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  • Hybrid layout

    TM

    TM TM

    TM

    DM

    VMM BM

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  • Automated Manufacturing Cell

    Source: John S. Usher class notes www.aeunike.lecture.ub.ac.id

  • Systematic Layout Planning Input Data and Activities

    1. Flow of materials 2. Activity Relationships

    6. Space Relationship

    Diagram

    5. Space Available 4. Space Requirements

    3. Relationship Chart

    8. Practical Limitations 7. Modifying Considerations

    9. Develop Layout

    Alternatives

    10. Evaluation

    AN

    ALY

    ZE

    SEA

    RC

    H

    SELE

    CT

    Source: John S. Usher class notes

  • Systematic Layout Planning

    Phase I - Determination of the location of the area where departments are to be laid out

    Phase II - Establishing the general overall layout

    Phase III - Establishing detailed layout plans

    Phase IV - Installing the selected layout

  • Systematic Layout Planning

    P Product: Types of products to be produced

    Q Quantity: Volume of each part type

    R Routing: Operation sequence for each part type

    S Services: Support services, locker rooms, inspection stations, and so on

    T Timing: When are the part types to be produced? What machines will be used during this time period?

  • SLP

  • SLP

  • COPYRIGHT 2005. RICHARD MUTHER & ASSOCIATES SLP OVERVIEW

  • Sample relationship diagram

    1 2

    4

    3

    5

  • COPYRIGHT 2005. RICHARD MUTHER & ASSOCIATES SLP OVERVIEW

  • Lecture 8 Preparation

    Read:

    Ekonomi Teknik

    pens and calculator over the engineering drawings image by Elnur from Fotolia.com