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Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Christian Zimmermann (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis)
Berlin 2012
The views expressed are those of individual authors and do notnecessarily reflect official positions of the Federal Reserve Bank
of St. Louis, the Federal Reserve System, or the Board ofGovernors.
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Why me?
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Why me?
◮ Research Papers in Economics (RePEc)
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Why me?
◮ Research Papers in Economics (RePEc)
◮ Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED)
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
What is RePEc?
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
What is RePEc?
◮ Online bibliography for Economics, started in 1997 (1992)
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
What is RePEc?
◮ Online bibliography for Economics, started in 1997 (1992)
◮ Network of volunteers archivists
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
What is RePEc?
◮ Online bibliography for Economics, started in 1997 (1992)
◮ Network of volunteers archivists
◮ Metadata and retrieval protocols
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
What is RePEc?
◮ Online bibliography for Economics, started in 1997 (1992)
◮ Network of volunteers archivists
◮ Metadata and retrieval protocols
◮ Paper hosting at publishing institutions
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
What is RePEc?
◮ Online bibliography for Economics, started in 1997 (1992)
◮ Network of volunteers archivists
◮ Metadata and retrieval protocols
◮ Paper hosting at publishing institutions
◮ =⇒ No central cost, everything free
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
What is RePEc?
◮ Online bibliography for Economics, started in 1997 (1992)
◮ Network of volunteers archivists
◮ Metadata and retrieval protocols
◮ Paper hosting at publishing institutions
◮ =⇒ No central cost, everything free
◮ 1,2 million items from 1500 journals and 3000 preprint series.1400 archives
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Organization
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Organization
◮ Central list of pointers to metadata archives
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Organization
◮ Central list of pointers to metadata archives
◮ Metadata archive following strict syntax
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Organization
◮ Central list of pointers to metadata archives
◮ Metadata archive following strict syntax
◮ Automatical nightly retrieval of data
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Organization
◮ Central list of pointers to metadata archives
◮ Metadata archive following strict syntax
◮ Automatical nightly retrieval of data
◮ “RePEc services” display metadata
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Sample metadata template
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0Author-Name: Andrew BeaconAuthor-Name: Charlie DoeAuthor-Email: [email protected]: Some Big UniversityAuthor-Name: Engelbert FalafelAuthor-Workplace-Name: Some Other UniversityTitle: A Guide to Forecasting Agricultural Output by Following Weather Patterns in Neighboring AreasAbstract: In this article, we survey the literature on agricultural output forecasting and suggest some avenues themerit particular attention...Classification-JEL: R00, Z0Keywords: Forecasting, agricultural economicsJournal: Annals of Computational EconomicsPages: 1-58Volume: 3Issue: 1Year: 1999Month: FebruaryFile-URL: http://www.geekeconomics.com/articles/thefile.pdfFile-Format: application/pdfFile-URL: http://www.geekeconomics.com/articles/thefile.htmlFile-Format: text/htmlHandle: RePEc:aaa:journl:v:3:y:1999:i:1:p:1-58
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Metadata types
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Metadata types
◮ archive
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Metadata types
◮ archive
◮ series
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Metadata types
◮ archive
◮ series
◮ working paper
◮ article
◮ book
◮ book chapter
◮ software component
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Metadata types
◮ archive
◮ series
◮ working paper
◮ article
◮ book
◮ book chapter
◮ software component
◮ institution
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Metadata types
◮ archive
◮ series
◮ working paper
◮ article
◮ book
◮ book chapter
◮ software component
◮ institution
◮ person
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Metadata types
◮ archive
◮ series
◮ working paper
◮ article
◮ book
◮ book chapter
◮ software component
◮ institution
◮ person
◮ data?
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Maintaining metadata
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Maintaining metadata
◮ many different maintainers
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Maintaining metadata
◮ many different maintainers
◮ varying motivations
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Maintaining metadata
◮ many different maintainers
◮ varying motivations
◮ succession issues
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Maintaining metadata
◮ many different maintainers
◮ varying motivations
◮ succession issues
◮ technical competence
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Maintaining metadata
◮ many different maintainers
◮ varying motivations
◮ succession issues
◮ technical competence
◮ understanding of metadata
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
The Handle
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
The Handle
◮ Persistent identifier
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
The Handle
◮ Persistent identifier
◮ Used throughout RePEc services
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
The Handle
◮ Persistent identifier
◮ Used throughout RePEc services
◮ Unique
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
The Handle
◮ Persistent identifier
◮ Used throughout RePEc services
◮ Unique
◮ Permanent
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
The Handle
◮ Persistent identifier
◮ Used throughout RePEc services
◮ Unique
◮ Permanent
◮ Unique-Identifier-Never-Change-It
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Why not persistent?
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Why not persistent?
◮ Lack of understanding
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Why not persistent?
◮ Lack of understanding
◮ Platform change
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Why not persistent?
◮ Lack of understanding
◮ Platform change
◮ Recycling
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Why not persistent?
◮ Lack of understanding
◮ Platform change
◮ Recycling
◮ No central authority
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Introduction
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Introduction
◮ Macroeconomic time series collection since 1993
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Introduction
◮ Macroeconomic time series collection since 1993
◮ Database with 45,000 series
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Introduction
◮ Macroeconomic time series collection since 1993
◮ Database with 45,000 series
◮ Graphing facility
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Introduction
◮ Macroeconomic time series collection since 1993
◮ Database with 45,000 series
◮ Graphing facility
◮ Integrated in statistical packages
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Introduction
◮ Macroeconomic time series collection since 1993
◮ Database with 45,000 series
◮ Graphing facility
◮ Integrated in statistical packages
◮ Apps, other tools
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Introduction
◮ Macroeconomic time series collection since 1993
◮ Database with 45,000 series
◮ Graphing facility
◮ Integrated in statistical packages
◮ Apps, other tools
◮ ALFRED, GeoFRED
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Metadata for data
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Metadata for data
◮ United States: many statistical agencies (plus rest of world)
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Metadata for data
◮ United States: many statistical agencies (plus rest of world)
◮ No central authority
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Metadata for data
◮ United States: many statistical agencies (plus rest of world)
◮ No central authority
◮ No consensus metadata format, or data format
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Metadata for data
◮ United States: many statistical agencies (plus rest of world)
◮ No central authority
◮ No consensus metadata format, or data format
◮ =⇒ Just do it
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
The FRED approach
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
The FRED approach
◮ Set one’s own standard
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
The FRED approach
◮ Set one’s own standard
◮ Identifier schema in place for new data
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
The FRED approach
◮ Set one’s own standard
◮ Identifier schema in place for new data
◮ Backward compatibility
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
The FRED approach
◮ Set one’s own standard
◮ Identifier schema in place for new data
◮ Backward compatibility
◮ Very few persistence issues with sources
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
Introduction
RePEc
FRED
Links
Links
◮ http://repec.org/
◮ http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/
Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice
