Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Permanent GNSS-Network Albania Proposal of a Realization Guenter Stangl Tirana, July

Permanent GNSS-Network Albania

EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007


Proposal of a Realization

Guenter Stangl

Tirana, July 5th, 2007



Status of the Reference System and International Connections

Horizontal SystemEllipsoid Krassovsky (Pulkovo 1942)Projection Gauss-Krueger 6° system (M21) for Cadastre and TriangulationFundamental point Kamza/TiranaTriangulation network partially damagedNetwork not precisely orientedMost of triangulation points not connected to the levelling system

Height systemLevelling Network (Adriatic Sea, Trieste?)Normal Heights (gravity values from the ellipsoid)No gravity measurementsLevelling network severely damagedGeoid?Connections to neighbouring countries?

Relation to Geocentric SystemsTransformation to WGS-84 (Shift only), accuracy about 3 m (7 identical points), EPSG and CRS

DMA measurements (35 stations) 1994, absolute positioning accuracy 1 m, residual errors about 0.4 m horizontal and 1.4 m vertical after transformation (Kuka/Kuka/Nurce 1997/8)

EUREF campaign 1998 (9 stations) unpublished? (Altiner et al. 1999)

Connection to the European Vertical Reference System

Not part of the UELN (Unified European Levelling Network)

Connections to Montenegro/Croatia and/or Greece may be possible

Change of the vertical datum 0.2 – 0.3 m



Advantages of a New 3D-Reference System Realized by GNSS

• Consistency in three dimensions• Geodetic measurements over larger distances with cm-accuracy

possible• Quick determination of coordinates with cm-accuracy• No need of line-of-sight geodetic measurements• Compatibility with international systems



Realization of a System of Permanent GNSS-Stations

• Proposal Kuqi, Zani, Jedrejcic 1998/2006 – 16 stations = 1/1800 km2, average distance 45 km



Proposed Permanent GNSS-Stations

• Existing stations of the Seismological Institute (6) plus part of proposal of Kuqi et al. (10)

• Foreign stations may be connected later

Seismological Institute

To be constructed

Foreign stations



Data Flow of Permanent GNSS-Stations

• Download data in real time to centre

• Compute network solution

• Disseminate solution to mobile users on demand

• Store data in RINEX format at server

GNSS Stations

Internet or other

Centre

Mobile users

Data storage

Dissemination by mobile phone



Manual tasks at the Centre

• Station monitoring (availability, quality)• Monitoring the correctness of the network solution• Control of the data storage• Help desk for users• Repair and upgrade of IT equipment• Contribution to eliminate problems of remote stations• If real dissemination is wanted, control of the

telecommunications for dissemination, book-keeping of users• Staff of about 5 persons required



Components of a permanent GNSS StationAntenna Sites

• Situated on roofs or pillars, cable leads to a shelter of the receiver• In any case, constructions are needed

WELS (Austria) Albania © Bushati Ohrid (FYROM)



Components of a permanent GNSS StationReceiver Sites

• Room with rack, power and telecommunication connections• Rack with receiver, Uninterruptible Power Interface,

Communication equipment• Monitor, PC for local storage optional

Ljubljana (Slovenia) Sofia (Bulgaria) Ohrid (FYROM)



Steps to a permanent GNSS-Network in AlbaniaSite Selection

• Common solution (number of stations, geographical distribution) of several institutions and firms preferred, aspects of cadastral surveying, zones of economic interest and scientific research should be considered

• Formation of a reconnaissance group for the selection of sites• Field work site selection (probably with check list) and

documentation of potential sites • GNSS test measurements (24 h) at selected sites, look for

disturbances (site measurement quality)• Joint proposal, including a list of preferred sites with

documentation and a cost estimation of required constructions (including telecommunication)



Steps to a permanent GNSS-Network in AlbaniaInstallation Concept

• Concept, how the network will be installed with the financial assistance of the EU• Mainly the following questions should be solved:

• - Is a real time dissemination of corrections intended from the start?

• - Have users to pay for the service?

• - Who will own the equipment of the stations and the centre?

• - Who will run and serve the stations and the centre?

• - Who will cover the costs of maintenance, including rents, communication/power lines, repair of the equipment, salaries of the staff, other costs? (There is an opportunity, that EU may cover the costs of maintenance for one year, including training)

• Consortium of national institutions (MGI, University, ISPRO, other ministries) preferred, private firms welcome

• Responsibilities should be laid down in contracts (first step memorandum of understanding)



Milestones of a permanent GNSS-Network in Albania

MilestonesJoint agreement on a GNSS-network

Proposal of the network and maintenance design to EU

Call for tenders published

Best offer selected

Network installed

Test phase ended successfully

Deliverables• Memorandum of Understanding of

institutions and firms for cooperation, formation of a site selection group

• Joint Proposal, site selection documents, cost estimation, maintenance concept, memorandum of understanding about ownership and maintenance

• Call for tenders, developed by consortium and EU, including construction works, establishing the centre, equipment and training during a test phase

• Recommendation on offers by consortium and EU, order by consortium or responsible authorities

• Sites constructed and equipped, centre ready for running

• Staff trained and on work, tests by selected users positively finished



Cost estimations of the permanent GNSS-Network Construction costs 10 new stations

6 M Lekë (50 000.- €)Improvement costs of construction for 6 existing stations

1.4 M Lekë (12 000.- €)Installation costs for the centre, hardware and software, no real time dissemination

24 M Lekë (200 000.- €)Additional costs for real time dissemination, hardware and software, if wanted 12 M Lekë (100 000.- €)Equipment costs 10 new stations

42 M Lekë (350 000.- €)Upgrade/Exchange costs for 6 existing stations, if needed/wanted

22 M Lekë (180 000.- €)Maintenance costs, rents, power, communication, staff, repair 6 M Lekë (50 000.- €) / year

• Total installation costs 72 M to 108 M Lekë (600 000.- to 900 000.- €)



Consequences from the Introduction of a GNSS-based System

• Transformation parameters between old and new geodetic system must exist

• Measurements with GNSS must be accepted by national authorities • GNSS equipment plus software must be available if real-time

dissemination is planned• Old transformed coordinates of triangulation points must be

improved by measurements• A database for all control and detail points with coordinates in the

new system is advisable• The finances of the system must be secured either by contracts

(public – private), by intergovernmental agreements (public – public) or by law (autonomous office with own budget)



Conclusions

• A basic GNSS-network and experience how to handle it already exists

• Stations for the whole area would improve the geodetic reference system and geodetic detail measurements

• The installation and maintenance require a concentrated effort of the Albanian institutions

• EU can help with financial and consulting support• The GNSS-network should be seen as an integrated part

of a new geodetic system



Shumë falemnderit!Thank you!

Documents

Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Permanent GNSS-Network Albania Proposal of a Realization Guenter Stangl Tirana, July