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PERAWATAN NON FARMAKOLOGIS PASIEN HIPERTENSI PADA
MASA PANDEMI COVID-19: PENELITIAN KUALITATIF
KARYA TULIS ILMIAH
Oleh:
EKA WAHYU HIDAYAT
(NIM: 201810300511036)
PROGRAM STUDI DIPLOMA III KEPERAWATAN
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2021
i
PERAWATAN NON FARMAKOLOGIS PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI
SEBUAHKELUARGAPADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19: PENELITIAN
KUALITATIF
KARYA TULIS ILMIAH
DiajukanKepada Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang untukMemenuhi
Salah Satu PersyaratanDalamMenyelesaikan Program Ahli Madya
Keperawatan
Oleh:
EKA WAHYU HIDAYAT
(NIM: 201810300511036)
PROGRAM STUDI DIPLOMA III KEPERAWATAN
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2021
ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
iii
LEMBAR CEK PLAGIASI
iv
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
Laporan Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini diajukan oleh:
Nama : Eka Wahyu Hidayat
NIM 201810300511036
Program Studi : Diploma III Keperawatan
Judul : Perawatan Non Farmakologis Pasien Hipertensi Di Sebuah
Keluarga Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Penelitian Kualitatif
Telah berhasil dipertahankan dihadapan Dewan Penguji pada Februari 2021 dan
diterima sebagai bagian persyaratan yang diperlukan untuk memperoleh gelar Ahli
Madya Keperawatan (Amd.Kep) pada Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang.
v
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI
KARYA TULIS ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Sebagaisivitasakademika Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, saya yang
bertandatangan di bawah ini:
Nama : Eka Wahyu Hidayat
NIM 201810300511036
Program Studi : Diploma III Keperawatan
Fakultas : FakultasIlmu Kesehatan
Universitas : Muhammadiyah Malang
JenisKarya : KaryaTulisIlmiah
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, menyetujui untuk memberikan kepada
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Hak Bebas Non eksklusif (Non-exclusive
Royalty-Free Right) atas karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:
Upaya ……. Beserta perangkat yang ada (jika diperlukan). Dengan Hak Bebas
Royalti Noneksklusif ini, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang berhak
menyimpan, mengalih, media/formatkan, mengelolah dalam bentuk pangkalan
data (database), merawat, dan mempublikasikan tugas karya ilmiah saya selama
tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis/pencipta dan sebagai pemilik Hak
Cipta.
Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
vi
KATA PENGANTAR
Dengan memanjatkan puji syukur kepada kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha
Esa, karena Berkat dan rahmat dan karunia-Nya maka penulis dapat
menyelesaikan Karya Tulis Ilmiah yang berjudul “PERAWATAN NON
FARMAKOLOGIS PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI SEBUAH KELUARGA PADA
MASA PANDEMI COVID-19”. Dalam menyusun Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini penulis
menyadari masih banyak kesalahan dan kekurangan, namun harapan penulis,
pembaca dapat memperoleh manfaat dan dapat memberi masukan untuk
penelitian selanjutnya dengan harapan penelitian ini dapat berkembang dengan
baik.
Pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada pihak
yang telah membantu dalam menyelesaikan Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini, terutama :
1. Bapak Faqih Ruhyanudin, M.Kep.,Sp.Kep.MB selaku dekan fakultas
2. Ibu Reni Ilmiasih, M.Kep.,Sp.Kep.An selaku kaprodi D-III Keperawatan
3. Bapak Dr. Yoyok Bekti Prasetyo M.Kep.,Sp.Kom selaku dosen pembimbing
yang telah menyediakan waktu, tenaga, dan pikiran untuk mengarahkan saya
dalam penyusunan Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini.
4. Orang tua dan keluarga saya yang telah memberikan bantuan dukungan
material dan moral.
5. Kemudian kepada semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu.
Dalam kesempatan ini penulis mengharapkan kritik maupun saran yang
bermanfaat dan semoga Tuhan Yang Maha Esa memberikan karunia dan hidayah-
Nya kepada kita semua sehingga Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini dapat bermanfaat bagi
para pembaca. Akhir kata penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih.
Malang, Februari 2021
Penulis,
Eka Wahyu Hidayat
vii
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. ii
LEMBAR CEK PLAGIASI ................................................................................... iii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ iv
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI .............................. v
KARYA TULIS ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS .................... v
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................... x
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. xi
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... xii
BAB 1...................................................................................................................... 1
PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................. 1
Latar Belakang.......................................................................................... 1
RumusanMasalah ..................................................................................... 3
TujuanPenelitian ....................................................................................... 3
TujuanUmum ........................................................................................ 3
Tujuan Khusus ...................................................................................... 3
ManfaatPenelitian ..................................................................................... 3
Bagi Institusi Prodi D3 Keperawatan ................................................... 3
Bagi Lembaga Penelitian ...................................................................... 3
Bagi Keluarga Pasien .............................................................................. 4
BAB II ..................................................................................................................... 5
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.......................................................................................... 5
Konsep Hipertensi .................................................................................... 5
Definisi .................................................................................................... 5
KlasifikasiHipertensi ............................................................................... 5
Etiologi dan Faktor-faktor Resiko Hipertensi ......................................... 6
Pengobatan Non Farmakologi Hipertensi ............................................ 9
Penatalaksaan Non Farmakologi Hipertensi ......................................... 9
Manifestasi Klinis ................................................................................. 10
Komplikasi .......................................................................................... 11
Konsep Covid-19 ......................................................................................... 12
Pengertian Covid-19 .............................................................................. 12
Penyebab Covid-19 ............................................................................... 12
viii
Gejala Covid-19 .................................................................................... 13
Dampak Covid-19 ................................................................................. 13
Penanganan Covid-19 ............................................................................ 13
BAB III.................................................................................................................. 15
METODE STUDI KASUS ................................................................................... 15
DesainPenelitian ..................................................................................... 15
Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................................ 15
Setting Penelitian .................................................................................... 15
TempatPenelitian ................................................................................ 15
SubjekPenelitian ................................................................................. 16
Metode Pengumpulan Data .................................................................... 16
Metode Uji Keabsahan Data ................................................................... 17
Metode Analisa Data .............................................................................. 17
Etika Penelitian ....................................................................................... 18
BAB IV ................................................................................................................. 20
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................................. 20
Informasi Umum Partsipan .......................................................................... 20
PartisipanPertama .................................................................................. 20
PartisipanKedua ..................................................................................... 20
PartisipanKetiga .................................................................................... 20
Hasil Penelitian ............................................................................................ 21
Perawatan klien di Masa Pandemic Covid-19 .................................... 21
Pengobatan Non Farmakologi ............................................................ 22
Pembahasan ................................................................................................ 23
Perawatan klien di Masa Pandemic Covid-19 .................................... 23
Pengobatan Non Farmakologi ............................................................ 23
Dukungan Keluarga pada Klien Penderita Hipertensi ........................ 25
BAB V ................................................................................................................... 26
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................................. 26
Kesimpulan ............................................................................................................... 26
Saran 26
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 27
ix
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1. Klasifikasi hipertensi berdasarkan nilai tekanan darah (Copeland et al.,
2018) ....................................................................................................................... 6
Tabel 3.5 contoh format analisa data .................................................................... 17
Table 4. Informasi Umum Partisipan..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Surat Kesediaan Menjadi Pembimbing KTI .................................... 33
Lampiran 2. Logbook konsultasi judul KTI .......................................................... 34
Lampiran 3. Analisa Data ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lampiran 4. Informed consent partisipan ............................................................ 35
Lampiran 5. Dokumentasi .................................................................................... 38
Lampiran 6. Panduan wawancara ....................................................................... 39
Lampiran 7. Transkip Wawancara ....................................................................... 40
TRANSKIP WAWANCARA ............................................................................. 40
TRANSKIP WAWANCARA ............................................................................. 42
TRANSKIP WAWANCARA ............................................................................. 44
Lampiran 8. Lembar konsultasi ............................................................................ 46
xi
ABSTRAK
Hidayat, Eka Wahyu. 2020. Perawatan Non Farmakologis Pasien Hipertensi Di
Sebuah Keluarga Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 : Penelitian Kualitatif Diploma
III Keperawatan, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang,
Pembimbing (1) : Dr. Yoyok Bekti Prasetyo M.Kep.,Sp.Kom
Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit penyerta yang banyak di temukan pada
penderita COVID-19 yang menjadi ancaman bagi penderita hipertensi. Hal ini
menyebabkan timbulnya kecemasan yang dialami penderita penyakit hipertensi,
sehingga dapat memperparah penyakit yang di alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan perawatan non farmakologis pada
anggota keluarga yang menderita hipertensi di masa pandemi Covid-19. Desain
penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan strategi penelitian
studi kasus, dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara. Uji keabsahan
data yang digunakan ialah triangulasi sumber dengan analisa data penelitian studi
kasus keperawatan yang digunakan adalah domain analysis. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa perawatan yang di lakukan klien pada masa Pandemic
Covid-19 ini ialah dengan memakai masker jika diluar rumah dan menjaga
kondisi fisik dengan beristirahat dengan cukup, memantau aktivitas yang
dilakukan sehari-hari, dan rajin mengkonsumsi air hangat. Sedangkan pengobatan
non farmakologi yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan olahraga, seperti
aktivitas lari dan berspeda setiap haria dan mengurangi aktivitas merokok dan
dukungan keluarga yang dilakukan keluarga ialah dengan membuatkan obat
herbal berupa jamu untuk pengobatan tambahan selain menggunakan obat
hipertensi.
Kata Kunci : Non farmakologi, hipertensi, Covid-19
xii
ABSTRACT
Hidayat, Eka, 2020.Non Pharmacological Care of Hypertensive Patients in a
Family During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Research.Diploma III of
Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Malang,
Advisor (1): Dr. Yoyok Bekti Prasetyo M.Kep., Sp.Kom.
Hypertension is one of the comorbidities found in people with COVID-19 which
is a threat to people with hypertension. This causes anxiety experienced by people
with hypertension, so that it can worsen the disease experienced. This study aims
to identify and describe non-pharmacological treatments for family members
suffering from hypertension during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research design
used is qualitative research with a case study research strategy, with data
collection methods in the form of interviews. The data validity test used was
source triangulation with nursing case study data analysis which used is domain
analysis. The results showed that the treatment carried out by clients during the
Covid-19 Pandemic was by wearing a mask when outside the home and
maintaining physical condition by getting enough rest, monitoring daily activities,
and diligently consuming warm water. While non-pharmacological treatment is
carried out by doing sports, such as running and cycling every day and reducing
smoking activities and family support that is carried out by families by making
herbal medicines in the form of herbs for additional treatment besides using
hypertension drugs.
Keywords: Non pharmacology, hypertension, Covid-19
xiii
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