Peculiarities of the ionospheric response to geomagnetic storms in the East-Asian region

Peculiarities of the ionospheric response to geomagnetic storms in the

East-Asian region

Ionospheric Effects of Geomagnetic Storms in Different Longitude Sectors

Variations of ionospheric parameters in the quiet and weak disturbed condition

Polar ionosphere and ionospheric disturbances

by G. A. Zherebtsov, by G. A. Zherebtsov, O. M. PirogO. M. Pirog, and , and A. S. Potapov - all A. S. Potapov - all ISTP SB RAS, ISTP SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia Irkutsk, Russia

Polar ionosphere and ionospheric disturbances

• This presentation combines two proposals:• (ID No: 947) Research into physical

processes of the polar and subpolar ionosphere and the action of high-latitude disturbances on the midlatitude ionosphere using space-borne and ground-based measurements. (Polar Ionosphere)

• (ID No: 1078) Dynamics of high-latitude ionosphere disturbances and their influence on the ionosphere of middle and low latitudes (Ionosphere Disturbances)

ID No: 947 The Leader: Prof Geliy ZherebtsovScientific Council of RAS on Solar-Terrestrial Physics, [email protected]

• Other project members and their affiliation• Solovyev S.I. Institute of Cosmophysical Research and

Aeronomy SB RAS (ICRA), Yakutsk; [email protected] • Tereschenko E.D Polar Geophysical Institute (PGI); edteres@pgi

.ru • Zelenyi L.M. Institute of Space Research (ISR); [email protected].

ru • Kurkin V.I. Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of Siberian

Branch (SB) of RAS (ISTP); [email protected]• Romanova E.B. Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of Siberian

Branch (SB) of RAS (ISTP); [email protected]• Shevtsov B.M. Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio

Wave Propagation of Far East Branch of RAS (ICRR), [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]






















ID No: 1078 The Leader: Prof Geliy ZherebtsovScientific Council of RAS on Solar-Terrestrial Physics, [email protected]

Other project members and their affiliation • Afraimovich E.L. Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of

Siberian Branch (SB) of RAS (ISTP); [email protected] • Pirog O.M. Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of Siberian

Branch (SB) of RAS (ISTP); [email protected] • Smirnov V.F. Institute of Cosmophysical Research and

Aeronomy SB RAS (ICRA); [email protected]• Jiankui Shi Center for Space Science and Applied Research of

Chinese Academy of Sciences (CSSAR CAS) [email protected] .

• Xiao Wang Center for Space Science and Applied Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CSSAR CAS) [email protected].









Contents

• Introduction• Main scientific problems for the ionosphere

studies • Observations of the ionosphere in Eastern

Siberia• The Meridian Project Framework• Response of ionosphere to the geomagnetic

disturbances• Conclusions

Introduction• The high-latitude ionosphere is a complex system, and its

principal peculiarity is the fact that besides the sun illumination there is another source of ionization taking place at these latitudes - the precipitation of particle fluxes. Therefore ionosphere at high latitudes substantially depends on various phenomena in the Earth’s magnetosphere.

• According to the ground-based and satellite observations of the ionosphere response to the magnetosphere disturbances has a clearly expressed longitudinal dependence. The nature of this dependence is determined by the disagreement between geographic coordinate system to which distribution of the neutral atmosphere parameters and solar radiation are related and geomagnetic system, where the distribution of magnetosphere sources is regulated.

Introduction• In Russia polar and near-polar regions occupy great

territories of ten time zones. • In the Eastern-Asian longitudinal sector the largest

discrepancy of geographic coordinates relative to geomagnetic ones takes place, and formation of a large-scale structure (main ionospheric trough, zone of auroral ionization) proceeds at the background of lowest over the Earth values of electron density. The given project is directed to the study of the influence mechanism of this discrepancy on the development process of ionosphere storm along the Eastern-Asian meridian from auroral to equatorial latitudes. The effective solution of this problem is possible as a result of joint ionosphere observations made by Russian and Chinese scientists.

Main scientific problems for the ionosphere studies:

• Response of the polar, auroral, subauroral, and mid-latitude ionosphere in the Siberian longitudinal sector to the disturbances coming from the Sun, interplanetary medium, and the Earth’s magnetosphere

• Dynamics of the large-scale structures of the high-latitude ionosphere

• Penetration of the ionospheric electric fields from auroral regions into the mid-latitude ionosphere

• The propagation of ionospheric disturbances • Radio wave propagation in the ionosphere

Ground based facilities

Magnetic and ionospheric observations

ionosphere sounding

observations of the atmospheric emissions

magnetic observations

Observations of the ionosphere in Eastern Siberia

Disposition of facilities for the

ionosphere observations in East

Siberia and Far East is illustrated. Blue lines show radio paths with

transmitters situated in Norilsk, Magadan

and Khabarovsk, and receiver located

in Irkutsk.


The Irkutsk The Irkutsk incoherent incoherent scatter (IS) scatter (IS) radar (53radar (53N, N,

103.3103.3E) E) measures measures electron electron

densities, densities, electron and ion electron and ion temperatures, temperatures,

and plasma drift and plasma drift velocitiesvelocities


Basic parameters of Irkutsk ISRBasic parameters of Irkutsk ISR

Range of Range of frequenciesfrequencies

(154-162)(154-162) MHz MHzPeak outputPeak output powerpower 3.2 MW3.2 MWPulse durationPulse duration 70-1040 mks70-1040 mksType of antennaType of antenna Sector hornSector hornAntenna gain 35-38 dB35-38 dBAngular size of the Angular size of the beambeamScan sectorScan sectorPolarizationPolarization LinearLinear

0.5° x 0.5° x 10°10°±30°±30°


Example of the IS radar measurements during a magnetic storm


Irkutsk (52°N, 104°E) Ionospheric Station on the base of Digisonde Portable System DPS-4


Chirp Sounder Transmitter


Chirp-ionosonde system. Main characteristics

Sounding frequency range, MHz 1.0 – 35.0 Frequency-sweep rate, kHz/s 10 – 10000 Frequency resolution, kHz VIS OIS, BS

2040

Delay resolution, km 1.5 Distance of sounding, km 90 - 40000 Methods of sounding Vertical Incidence

Oblique IncidenceBackscatter


VS

Vertical sounding

Oblique sounding

Backscatter

The system allows measurements to be made of the ionospheric parameters over extensive Russia region from over extensive Russia region from subpolar to middle latitudes within the longitudinal sector subpolar to middle latitudes within the longitudinal sector 90°90°――150° E.150° E.


GPS measurements of the travelling ionospheric disturbances (TID) propagation

Locations of GPS receivers are noted by red dots. Lilac lines show the spatial

positions of the TEC maxima for four

successive moments of time. Arrows show

directions of propagation of this

disturbance. The length of the arrows represents approximately the values

of velocities which change from 70 to

335 m/s.


Comparison of the ionospheric disturbance according to the TEC

and foF2 data: (a) and (b) on November 8, 2004; (c) on November

10, 2004. Blue curves show the filtered TEC variations dI(t). The

lines with triangles the critical frequency variations. The changes in

the critical frequency foF2 correspond to a relative amplitude of electron density disturbance dN/N of

about 80% in the region of the F2 layer maximum.


Statistical pattern of ionospheric disturbances on the polar wall of MIT at the different latitudes for the minimum and maximum solar activity

Kp 1975-1976 1982-1983

4 =67.6

=63.64

2

=60.14

2

=55.842

N F R D A E B

2

12 18 00 06 12 12 18 00 06 12 LT

5 3 1=Kp

65 B B

B

BB BB

BB

BB

BB60

55

12 18 00 06

F2s+B

12 LT

Location of the polar wall of the main ionospheric trough in the coordinates: invariant latitude – local time for the different Kp.

Φ = 150.6 – 5t – 25√ (0.1Kp2 – 1.3t + 12.7)

( , , , )0 1 1 3 12 72K tp ( , , , )0 1 1 3 12 72K tp

The Meridian Project Framework

The International Space Weather Meridian Circle Program (ISWMCP), proposal to connect 120ºE and 60ºW meridian chains of ground based monitors and enhance the ability of monitoring space environment worldwide.

The Meridian Project FrameworkExtension of MP into Russia

Response of ionosphere to the geomagnetic disturbances

• In the framework of the joint Russian - Chinese project the morphological analysis of the development of ionospheric storms along the meridian from auroral zone to equator was conducted. There were used the data obtained from the network of stations of Easter-Siberian region and China located within the latitude-longitude sector (20–70N, 90–160Е).

• The numerical model for ionosphere-plasmasphere coupling developed at the ISTP SB RAS is used to interpret the data of observation.


The variations of Dst-index and F2-layer critical frequencies during the storms observed in the different seasons at the different latitudes.

The blue line is the quit diurnal variation, and the red line is the current values of foF2.

-150-100

-500

Dst

, nT

0 12 0 12 0 12 24

3

9

15

foF2

, MH

z

Irkutsk

Manzhouli

3

9

15fo

F2, M

Hz

Beijing

Chongqing

3

9

15

foF2

, MH

z

0 12 0 12 0 12 24 UT, h

Yakutsk

June, 17-19, 2003

3

9

15

foF2

, MH

z

Norilsk

Hainan

-150

-50

50

Dst. n

T

048

foF2.

MHz

0

4

8

foF2,

MHz

0

4

8

foF2.

MHz

0

4

8

foF2.

MHz

M anzhouli

Irkutsk

0

8

16

foF2,

MHz

G uangzhou

0

8

16

foF2,

MHz

Hainan

Yakutsk

Norilsk

22 23 24 25

0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 24

0

4

8

foF2,

MHz Zhigansk

January, 22-25, 2004

UT, h

-100

-60

-20

Dst,

nT

October, 13-16, 2003

048

12

foF2

, ÌHz Norilsk

Yakutsk

048

12

foF2

, MHz

Irkutsk

Manzhouli

048

12

foF2

, MHz

Beijing

4

8

12

Chongqing

0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 24UT, h

0

6

12

foF2

, MHz

Hainan


The variations of foF2 and fbEs (stars) during the great storm with two main phases are presented.

The more interesting data were obtained at midlatitude stations. In the afternoon hours of LT on November 8 a large-scale ionosphere disturbance is detected.

The level of the night ionization considerably increases with decreasing latitude separating into some peaks.

-400-250-100

50

Dst, n

T

7.11.04 8.11.04 9 .11.04 10.11.04 11.11.04

0

4

8

foF2

, МHz

048

12

foF2

, MHz

048

12

fof2,

МHz

26

1014

foF2

, МHz

0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 24UT, h

26

1014

foF2

, МHz

2

6

10

fof2.

МHz

0

4

8

foF2

, МHz

048

12

foF2

, МHz

0

4

8

Kp-in

dex

Zhigansk

Yakutsk

Petropavlovsk

Irkutsk

Khabarovsk

Wakkanai

Kokubunji

Beijing

Novem ber, 7-11, 2004


The Irkutsk ionograms from

0700 to 1030 UT, illustrating the

sudden increase and the following depletion of foF2 during the advent

of large-scale ionosphere

disturbance.


0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24LT, h

30

35

40

45

50

Geo

mag

net

ic la

titu

de,

gra

d

1

2

2.5

3

4

4.5

5

7

9

10

11

12

13

14.5

17

Variations of foF2 in the LT – geomagnetic latitude coordinate system in the quiet day on November 5, 2004 (on the left) and disturbed day on November 8

(on the right). The maximum is fixed in LT.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24LT , h

30

35

40

45

50

geom

agne

tic la

titud

e, d

egre

e

2

2.5

3

4

4.5

5

6

7

8

9

10

11


The results of simulation of the ionospheric behavior during the storms (solid lines). Red circles – current values of the NmF2

computed from foF2; dotted lines – quiet level.


Calculated electron density distribution in the plane of

magnetic meridian 120°E in a system of coordinates altitude – geomagnetic

latitude is presented. We see the daytime ionization

crusts at 05 UT and nighttime increasing of Ne above equator at 16 UT. These phenomena are typical for the equatorial

ionosphere. So this model reproduces variation of electron density in the

equatorial ionosphere well enough.

Conclusions• Building of physical model of ionospheric processes in polar

regions can be a significant contribution to the IPY themes. • Meridian Project is a ground-based network which consists

of a chain of ground-based observatories with multiple facilities.

• The great contribution of the 120°E Meridian Project will be the investigation of ionospheric phenomena on the basis of the long-time coordinated observations in Russia and China from subauroral to equatorial latitudes and the analysis of collected experimental database.

• International collaboration will make it possible to constitute the first complete environment monitoring chain around the globe.

Thank you

Documents

Peculiarities of the ionospheric response to geomagnetic storms in the East-Asian region