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8/8/2019 Peacocks 80808
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The term peafowl can refer to the two species ofbird in the genusPavo of thepheasant
family,Phasianidae. The AfricanCongo Peafowlis placed in its own genus Afropavo
and is not dealt with here. Peafowl are best known for the male's extravagant tail, whichit displays as part ofcourtship. The male is called a peacock, the female a peahen[1],
though it is common to hear the female also referred to as a "peacock" or "female
peacock". The female peafowl is brown or toned grey and brown.
The two species are:
Indian Peafowl,Pavo cristatus (Asiatic)
Green Peafowl,Pavo muticus (Asiatic)
The Indian Peafowl is a resident breeder in the Indian subcontinent. The peacock is
designated as the national bird ofIndia.
The Green Peafowl breeds from Burma east toJava. TheIUCN lists the Green Peafowl
as vulnerable to extinction due to hunting and a reduction in extent and quality of habitat.
Contents
[hide]
1 Taxonomy
2 Plumage
3 Behaviour
4 Diet
5 Habitat
6 Galleryo 6.1 Indian Peafowl
o 6.2 Green Peafowl
7 References
8 External links
[edit] Taxonomy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phasianidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phasianidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Peafowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Peafowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afropavohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#cite_note-0%23cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Peafowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Peafowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_subcontinenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(island)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(island)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCNhttp://toggletoc%28%29/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Taxonomy%23Taxonomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Plumage%23Plumagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Behaviour%23Behaviourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Diet%23Diethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Habitat%23Habitathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Gallery%23Galleryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Indian_Peafowl%23Indian_Peafowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Green_Peafowl%23Green_Peafowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#References%23Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#External_links%23External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peafowl&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Green_Peafowl_Male.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phasianidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Peafowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afropavohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#cite_note-0%23cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Peafowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Peafowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_subcontinenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(island)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCNhttp://toggletoc%28%29/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Taxonomy%23Taxonomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Plumage%23Plumagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Behaviour%23Behaviourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Diet%23Diethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Habitat%23Habitathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Gallery%23Galleryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Indian_Peafowl%23Indian_Peafowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#Green_Peafowl%23Green_Peafowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#References%23Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#External_links%23External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peafowl&action=edit§ion=18/8/2019 Peacocks 80808
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Green Peafowl
The Indian Peafowl is monotypic, while the Green Peafowl has 3 subspecies,P. muticusspicifer,P. m. imperatorand the nominateP. m. muticus.[2] The two species are largely
allopatricbut will hybridize in captivity.
While the form of Green Peafowl in Yunnanis not separated taxonomically, it differs in a
few aspects from other forms, particularly in its forest-dwelling habits, an "odd, monal-like bill", a curiously long hind toe and longer, more slender wings (K. B. Woods in litt.
2000) [3]. Some have suggested this is a new subspecies.
Some pheasant breeders have suggested that the Green Peafowl may have more
subspecies.[4][5]
Peafowl have sometimes been included in a distinct family from Pheasants [6].
[edit] Plumage
Close-up of a male Indian Peafowl's plumage
The male (peacock) Indian Peafowl has iridescent blue-green or green coloured plumage.The so-called "tail" of the peacock, also termed the "train", is not the tail quill feathers
but highly elongated upper tail coverts. The train feathers have a series of eyes that are
best seen when the tail is fanned. Both species have a crest atop the head.
The female (peahen) Indian Peafowl has a mixture of dull green, brown, and grey in her
plumage. She lacks the long upper tail coverts of the male but has a crest. The female canalso display her plumage to ward off female competition or danger to her young.
The Green Peafowl is very different in appearance to the Indian Peafowl. The male has
green and gold plumage and has an erect crest. The wings are black with a sheen of blue.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotypichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#cite_note-1%23cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allopatrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allopatrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunnanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunnanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#cite_note-2%23cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#cite_note-3%23cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#cite_note-4%23cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#cite_note-5%23cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#cite_note-5%23cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peafowl&action=edit§ion=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covert_featherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Pfau_imponierend.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotypichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#cite_note-1%23cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allopatrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunnanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#cite_note-2%23cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#cite_note-3%23cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#cite_note-4%23cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#cite_note-5%23cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peafowl&action=edit§ion=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covert_feather8/8/2019 Peacocks 80808
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Unlike the Indian Peafowl, the Green Peahen is very similar to the male, only having
shorter upper tail coverts and less iridescence. It is very hard to tell a juvenile male from
an adult female.
Many of the brilliant colours of the peacock plumage are due to an opticalinterference
phenomenon (Bragg reflection) based on (nearly) periodic nanostructures found in thebarbules (fiber-like components) of the feathers.
Different colours correspond to different length scales of the periodic structures. Forbrown feathers, a mixture of red and blue is required: one colour is created by the
periodic structure, and the other is a created by a Fabry-Perot interference peak from
reflections off the outermost and innermost boundaries of the periodic structure.
Such interference-basedstructural colouris especially important in producing thepeacock's iridescent hues (which shimmer and change with viewing angle), since
interference effects depend upon the angle of light, unlike chemical pigments.
[edit] Behaviour
A rear view of an Indian Blue Peacock's tail feathers
The peafowl are forest birds that nest on the ground. ThePavo peafowl are terrestrial
feeders but roost in trees.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragg_reflectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabry-Perot_interferometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peafowl&action=edit§ion=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Peacock_rear_-_melbourne_zoo.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragg_reflectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabry-Perot_interferometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peafowl&action=edit§ion=38/8/2019 Peacocks 80808
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Both species of Peafowl are believed to bepolygamous. However, it has been suggested
that "females" entering a male Green Peafowl's territory [7] are really his own juvenile or
subadult young (K. B. Woods in litt. 2000) and that Green Peafowl are reallymonogamous in the wild. The male peacock flares out its feathers when it is trying to get
the females attention. Those who subscribe to this notion cite the similarities between the
sexes.
During mating season they will often emit a very loud high pitched cry.
[edit] Diet
Peafowl are omnivorous and eat plant parts, flower petals, seed heads, insects and other
arthropods, reptiles, and amphibians.
In common with other members of the Galliformes, males possess metatarsal spurs or"thorns" used primarily during intraspecific fights.
[edit] Habitat
Asiatic peafowl like the Indian Blue Peafowl, and especially the Green Peafowl, occupy a
similar niche as the roadrunners,Secretary Bird, and seriemas. All of these birds hunt forsmall animals including arthropods on the ground and tall grass and minnowsin shallow
streams.
Because of human encroachment into their natural territories, peafowl and humans have
come into increasing contact. Because of their natural beauty some are reluctant to
classify the birds as pests but their presence can be dis
[edit] Indian Peafowl
An Indian Blue
Peacock's head
Shot of a white peacockIndian Blue Peacock,
male
An Indian Blue
Peahen showing her
plumage
Closeup of an The Black-Shouldered A white peacock
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygamoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#cite_note-6%23cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peafowl&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galliformeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraspecific_antagonismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peafowl&action=edit§ion=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geococcyxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geococcyxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_Birdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seriemahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seriemahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peafowl&action=edit§ion=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:White_peacock.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dscn08507wr.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Peacock_DSC04082.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:040411.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Peahen_on_Saint_Thomas%2C_United_States_Virgin_Islands.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oregon_zoo_peacock_male.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Peacock_00782.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PeacockHead.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygamoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl#cite_note-6%23cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peafowl&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galliformeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraspecific_antagonismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peafowl&action=edit§ion=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geococcyxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_Birdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seriemahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peafowl&action=edit§ion=78/8/2019 Peacocks 80808
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Indian BluePeacock's head
When it is not in
display, the long train
rests on the ground andhampers the
movements of thepeacock
Peacock was once
thought to be a distinct
subspecies, but is nowconsidered a color
mutation
showing off hisplumage
The head of a male
Indian Blue
Peacock
Male Indian Blue
Peacock at Grounds forSculptureinHamilton
Township, New Jersey
Indian Blue Peacocks as
illustrated in the First
Edition of the
EncyclopdiaBritannica
by Charles
d'Orbigney(1806
1876)
A white peacock
domesticated in
Mexico.
White peacock shot in
Sydney,Australia
Peacock seen in San
Francisco, California
[edit] Green Peafowl
Male FemaleClose-up of a female's head
Pavo muticus
muticus
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