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Peace Operations. The Changing Face of Peacekeeping. 1. Content. The UN Charter The Cold War and the founding operations The Golden Age of peacekeeping The second generation The peacekeeping crisis Recent trends. 1.The UN Charter. 1.1. Collective security 1.2. The Security Council - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Peace Operations
The Changing Face of Peacekeeping
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Content
1. The UN Charter
2. The Cold War and the founding operations
3. The Golden Age of peacekeeping
4. The second generation
5. The peacekeeping crisis
6. Recent trends
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1.The UN Charter
1.1. Collective security
1.2. The Security Council
1.3. Chapter VI
1.4. Chapter VII
1.5. The Military Staff Committee
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2. The Cold War and the founding operations
2.1. Collective security: Korea
2.2. Legal creativity: « Uniting for Peace »
2.3. Operational creativity: peacekeeping 1948 : Palestine 1949 : India/Pakistan 1956 : Suez
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3. The Golden Age of peacekeeping
10 operations between 1956 and 1974 Practical experience Building of a “culture” No formal doctrine 6 principles of “traditional” peacekeeping
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The 6 principles of « traditional » peacekeeping
UN operation Established cease fire Consent of warring parties Impartiality Balanced composition Limited use of force
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Traditional Peacekeeping :an integrated strategy
2. Composition
3. Impartiality
4. Light weaponry
5. Cease fire
6. Consent 7. Interposition1. UN
ACTOR PARAMETERS PRE REQUISIT ACTIVITY
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First doctrinal attempt
An Agenda for Peace (1992)
-Conflict Prevention
-Peacemaking
-Peacekeeping
-Peacebuilding
-Peace Enforcement
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4. The Second Generation
International context : end of the Cold War
- New conflicts
- Unlocking of Security Council
Quantitative changes: number, size, cost Qualitative changes: mandate, tasks, context
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Second doctrinal attempt
Supplement to An Agenda for Peace (1995)
31 January 1988 31 January 1992
December 1994
SC Resolutions
Conflicts
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78
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Ongoing Operations
TotalTraditional
Multidimensional
Personnel
Budget (millions $)
55
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11 121
230.4
117
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13 856
1 686.6
179
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77 783
3 610
MINURSO1991
UNTAC1992
UNTAG1989
UNAVEM1991
ONUSAL1991
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5. The crisis of peacekeeping
Excess of credibility High ambitions Insufficient means The fatal trilogy : UNPROFOR, UNOSOM,
UNAMIR
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6. Recent trends
Robust Operations Regionalization Unbalanced composition Wining hearts and mind Holistic approach of peace : long term,
multidimensional
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