INTER- AMERICAN

PEACE FORCE

I APF INCL /STO CHAPTER,2 STABILITY OPERATIONS REPORT

NICARAGUA

PARAGUAY

THE

IAPF

BRAZIL

COSTA RICA

HONDURAS UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICE SANTO DOMINGO

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 1966

Irnpreso en Puerto Rico por: RAMALLO BROS. PRINTING. INC. Paris 248, Mato Rey—Tel 766.1766

.. ' . • .. • .•-•.'....

Division General

Alvaro Alves da Silva Braga

of Brazil,

Commanding General of the

Inter-American Peace Force.

(IAPF Photo)

Brigadier General

Robert R. Linvill

of the United States,

Deputy Commanding General of the

Inter-American Peace Force.

(IAPF Photo)

-*:*••••••::•:. I

THE

OMMANDERS •

5 4

(IAPF Photo)

Lieutenant General Bruce Palmer, Jr., of the United States,

Deputy Commanding General of the

Inter-American Peace Force from 23 May 1965

to 17 January 1966.

Colonel Julio Gutierrez R. of Nicaragua, Chief of Staff of the IAPF.

(IAPF Photo)

The Commander and Deputy Commander of the Inter-American Peace Force discuss the situation

during the occupation of the Ciudad Nueva by the IAPF, which was requested by the Provisional

President of the Republic.

General Hugo Panasco Alvim of Brazil, Commanding General of the Inter-American Peace Force from 23 May 1965

to 17 January 1966.

(IAPF Photo)

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CONTENTS IP

1. Mission

2. Opinions

3. An Experiment

4. Organization

5. Accomplishments of the IAPF

6. Civic Action

7. Conclusions

8. Activities

(IAPF Photo)

In order to reestablish peace and maintain the in-violability of human rights, men and equipment from six American nations came to the Dominican

Republic during the crisis.

8

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OPINIONS

• Dr. Silvio Villegas, Director of the journal "La Republica" of Bogota, Colombia, who was invited by the Provisional President to observe the Do-minican elections, stated that they were "peaceful and honest." He render-ed tribute to the Organization of American States for its work through the Inter-American Peace Force for maintaining the peace which made it pos-sible to achieve free elections in the Dominican Republic, saying the OAS had obtained an unquestionable triumph towards peace and democracy in the new world.

10

The Vice President of the United States, Hubert H. Humphrey, during a visit to the Fraternity Battalion of the Inter-American Peace Force said:

. . . . Men in uniform are serving the cause of peace and liberty. This extraordinary and heroic action, the creation of the Inter-American Peace Force, will live in the history of our world and our time. Many times our fellow citizens of our respective countries fail to understand that the purpose of a defensive force is peace, and this great Inter-American Peace Force has proven for all time that men in uniform will serve the cause of peace as well as those in civilian clothes, and they will do this with honor, with pride, with valor and with distinction

I look at this great force here — small in number but great in impor- tance — as a symbol of peace and not of violence. You have helped to save lives, you have helped a nation to survive

(IAPF Photo)

INTERNATIONAL REVIEW . . . . The Vice President of the United States, Hubert H. Humphrey, and the Commander of the Fraternity Batallion of the Inter-American Peace Force in the Dominican Republic, Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Carcamo of Nica-ragua, inspect the troops at their camp near Santo Domingo. Carrying the flag is 1st Sergeant Gregorio Suazo of Honduras, and in the background is the contingent from Paraguay. American military men from Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Para-guay, Brazil, and the United States together form the multi-national force that guards

the peace in our hemisphere.

• Distinguished personalities of the American Hemisphere• invited by the Organization of American States and by the Provisional Government to observe the elections of the 1st of June, stated that the elections did honor to the Dominican people by their fairness and the faith with which they were accomplished, and are a guarantee of the democratic future of America.

• Mr. Norman Thomas, Socialist Party leader in the United States, said, in relation to the elections celebrated the 1st of June in the Dominican Re-public, the following: "During the period of the voting the opinion of the observers with whom I spoke was that they were carried out very well. There was no violence nor obvious evidence of fraud during the process of depositing the votes. Our observers were treated cordially."

• The newspaper "El Diario Ilustrado" of Santiago, Chile, stated: "With the recent elections held with liberty and honesty, the Dominican Republic has played a decisive part in its political development, and this constitutes the restoration of the fundamental steps toward the normal development of institutional life."

• Several observers from hemisphere countries who were present at the June 1st elections in the Dominican Republic stated the satisfaction with which they viewed the elections in reports to the Secretary-General of the OAS and the Provisional President and in a statement to the Dominican people. They declared that the elections were honestly and faithfully carried out, which honored the Dominican people and guaranteed the democratic future of America. In signing the statement, they said that they were confident that the results of the elections will be respected by all for the good of peace both in the Dominican Republic and on the Continent.

Signatories to the statement were: Luis Alberto Bouza, Uruguay; Gonzalo Garcia Bustillo, Venezuela; Nelson de Souza Sampaio, Brazil; Jose Leandro Echeverria, El Salvador; Mario Esquivel, Costa Rica; Gonzalo Facio, Costa Rica; Marcos Falcon Bricerio, Venezuela; Narciso E. Garay, Panama; Eduardo Augusto Garcia, Argentina; Roberto Garcia Pella, Colombia; Frances R. Grant, United States; Guillermo Gutierrez, Bolivia; Alfonso Guzman Leon, Costa Rica; Justino Jimenez de Arechaga, Uruguay; Francisco Montenegro Sierra, Guatemala; Evaristo Sourdis, Colombia; Silvio Villegas, Colombia; Jose R. Castro, Honduras; Rodolfo Abaunza, Nicaragua; and Pedro Cha-morro, Nicaragua.

11

(IAPF Photo)

12

BEGINNING... AN EXPERIMENT

With the celebration of free and honest elec-

tions on June 1st in the Dominican Republic, the

culmination of what began as an experiment in

hemispheric solidarity has been reached. Six coun-

tries of North, Central and South America jointly

participated in this effort for the cause of liberty

and democracy in the Dominican Republic.

The experiment has turned into reality and the

turbulent days, the disorder and anarchy have given

way to peace and to the hope that by installing

a Government elected by the majority of the people

better days will come to this sister country.

The Inter-American Peace Force as part of the

Organization of American States has played an

important role in obtaining this triumph for the

cause of human rights and for the free and orderly

election by the people of their future leaders.

Brazil, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay

and the United States have demonstrated to the

nations of America and the world the value of

faith in democracy and in the destiny of our conti-

nent.

It all began on the 1st of May 1965, when the

Organization of American States rapidly reacted

to the armed violence which had put aside all law

and order in the Dominican Republic, turning this

small nation into a state of despair and terror. As

a consequence of this responsible action the Inter-

American Peace Force was formed, becoming the

first hemispheric peace force in history.

On 22 May the OAS requested the Brazilian

Government to name the Commander of the Com-

bined Force and requested the United States to

select the Deputy Commander. Brazil named Gen-

eral Hugo Panasco Alvim to head the Force while

the United States chose Lt. General Bruce Palmer, Jr., as Deputy Commander.

Inmediately after, Colonel Julio Gutierrez of

Nicaragua was appointed Chief of Staff of the Uni-

fied Command and the staff was organized with

officers representing the six participating nations.

Some of the forces of the United States withdrew

after the arrival of the Costa Rican, Honduran, Ni-

caraguan and Brazilian troops, and on the 26th of

June Paraguay placed at the disposal of the Force

an infantry company. Later, a communications pla-

toon arrived.

On the 23rd of May 1965, the Secretary-General

of the OAS, Dr. Jose A. Mora, as well as the com-

manders of the forces of the United States, Brazil,

Costa Rica, Honduras and Nicaragua signed the

following document:

ACT ESTABLISHING THE IAPF

23 MAY 1965

"1. The Inter-American Force is hereby establish-

ed as a force of the Organization of Ameri-

can States.

2. The inter-American Force shall consist of the

Unified Command and the national contin-

gents of member states assigned to it.

3. The Unified Command shall consist of the

Commander of the Inter-American Force, the

Deputy Commander and the staff.

4. The Commander of the Inter-American Force

shall exercise operational control over all

elements of the Force. He shall be responsible

for the performance of all functions assigned

to the Force by the OAS and for deployment

and assignment of the units of the Force.

5. Members of the Force shall remain in their

respective national services. During the period

of assignment to the Force, they shall, how-

ever, serve under the authority of the OAS,

and be subject to the instructions of the Com-

mander through the chain of command.

Command of all national contingents, less

operational control, shall remain vested in

the commanders of the respective national

contingents."

In January 1966, Generals Alvim and Palmer

were replaced by Division General Alvaro Alves da

Silva Braga, Brazilian Army, and Brigadier General

Robert R. Linvill, United States Army, as Commander

and Deputy Commander, respectively, of the Com-

bined Force.

13

The Paraguayans arrived on the 26th of June at San Isidro Air Base. (IAPF Photo)

ARRIVAL OF THE TROOPS (IAPF Photo)

ORGANIZATION

HEADQUARTERS INTER-AMERICAN PEACE FORCE

COMMANDING GENERAL

DEPUTY COMMANDING GENERAL

CHIEF OF STAFF

ACofS C-1 ACofS C-2 ACofS C-3 ACofS C-4 ACofS C-5 ACofS C-6 PM

USFORDOMREP

PARAGUAYAN CO

BRAZILIAN MARINE CO

HONDURAN CO r-

NICARAGUAN CO

FRATERNITY BN

LATIN-AMERICAN

BRIGADE

BRAZILIAN BN

1.• 1 The Honduran Contingent arrived in the Dominican Republic on 14 May 1965.

1st BRIGADE,

1

82nd ABN DIV

16th GEN SUP G P1

TF 7th SFG I

USAFFORDOMREP

COSTA RICAN PLTN

14 15

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE IAPF

One of the first tasks of the IAPF was to demili- contingents, which made up the IAPF, to offer medi-

tarize the area around the National Palace which cal attention to the general public.

had been a problem area. It remained within the The Provisional President requested the help

constitutionalist zone and was a constant scene of of the Force when violence erupted in the interior

shootings and disorders. of the country and a unit of the IAPF was sent

Check points were established and operated immediately, establishing a cease fire and evacuat-

at key locations in order to prevent the passage of ing all personnel who desired to leave the sector.

arms or ammunition. During the rainy season, floods in different

The electric plant of the city, communications parts of the country caused damages to houses and

building, radio and television station and the Duarte property. The IAPF furnished urgently needed items

Bridge over the Ozama River were controlled by the such as tents, blankets, food and medical supplies.

IAPF in order that the doily life of the citizens of New floods caused the destruction of one of

Santo Domingo could continue as normally as pos- the main bridges which links Santo Domingo with

sible. the Port of Haina and the southern region of the

The IAPF kept the public informed about the country.

work of the OAS and the day to day situation, as In order to help the Dominican Republic reopen

it proceeded toward a return to normality, by the traffic on this, one of its main highways. the IAPF

distribution of pamphlets and leaflets. immediately furnished necessary equipment to install

Medical aid stations were established in many a provisional floating bridge to solve this problem.

parts of the city by military doctors of the different

(IAPF Photo)

One of the vehicle check points established to prevent the passage of arms and am-

munition.

16

Vigilence from the rooftops to assure the peace. (IAPF Photo)

(IAPF Photo) Operation of the check points.

17

Soldiers of the Inter-American Peace

Force in the Dominican Republic guard

the historic Columbus Castle in Santo

Domingo. Presently a museum of articles

from the time of the discoverer of the

New World, it was constructed in 1514

as a residence for Diego, the son of

Christopher Columbus. It is located in an

area that was a disputed zone during

the trouble of the summer of 1965, and

was completely unguarded until inter-

American troops arrived and assumed

the task of manning it and protecting its

invaluable articles, for which authorities

of the Dominican Government expressed

their sincere thanks to the Inter-American

Peace Force.

111ffirmieellimis

(IAPF Photo)

To maintain the peace, infantry and

armor of the IAPF patrol the Ciudad

Nueva.

(IAPF Photo)

18

IAPF engineers help the Dominican people in the construction of a floating bridge

after torrential rains caused the Haina River to flood, destroying the President Troncoso

Bridge between Santo Domingo and the Port of Haina.

View of Duarte Bridge and the electrical power plant.

19

IAPF members build a school for Domin-ican children. When the teacher at La Rosa, a village 10 miles from San Cristo-bal, requested the help of the IAPF, the men of the Brazilian Marine Company chipped in their own money to buy con-struction materials and volunteered their time and labor to build the school them-

selves. (IAPF Photo)

Soldiers of the 42nd Civil Affairs Com-

pany make donations to the children of an orphanage, the Asilo Escuela para

Huerfanos Beato Diego Jose de Cadiz, located near the corridor in Santo Do-

mingo. This is one of the several non-

1 state-supported homes of this type. The

articles that brought such great pleasure to the children were clothes, shoes, and many other things which were donated by the 42nd Civil Affairs Co of Fort

Gordon, Georgia.

(IAPF Photo)

Army Engineers of the IAPF help the Do-minican People in the construction of a

greatly needed reservoir. This was one of the many civic action programs of the

IAPF.

(IAPF Photo)

21 20

CIVIC ACTION

The victims of the April revolution were not

only political, but also belonged to the civilian

population which was the victim of a bloody fight.

The shooting from both factions resulted in increas-

ing casualities. Dead bodies were left in the streets

where they fell. Public services had been suspended

and trash and garbage accumulated in the

streets. Each day made it more difficult to obtain

food. In the hospitals the wounded were arriving

in far greater numbers than the medical personnel

could handle.

On the 1st of May the OAS established a

committee composed of delegates from Argentina,

Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, and Panama, whose

main purpose was that of obtaining a cease fire.

This committee saw the conditions suffered by the

people, and in its first telegram sent to the Council

of the OAS asked for food, medical supplies and

medical assistance. The American nations respond-

ed immediately to the need of their sister country.

Panama sent nurses. Venezuela and Argentina sent

doctors. Colombia, Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Mexico,

Uruguay and the United States sent food and

medical equipment.

The Americas gave their help to a nation in need.

The Inter-American Peace Force pitched in to put

the Dominican Republic on its feet again. IAPF

trucks transported 1,500 tons of food to a city suf-

fering from hunger. The military facilities opened

their doors to the sick and injured while first aid

groups of the IAPF passed through the city and its

surroundings assisting the people.

During the first six months of its establishment

the IAPF cared for and attended more than 50,000

civilians.

The IAPF continued to give its help to the

people. Although the civic chaos of the April revolu-

tion had ended, the public needs continued.

Later, a doctor of the 320th Artillery of the

IAPF located near a sugar cane area on the eastern

side of the city, was treating, daily, more than 40

civilians of a neighboring village. This artillery

unit filled a need for public health in a rural zone

with no doctors.

The 42nd Field Hospital of the IAPF had heli-

copters available and ready to answer any call to

evacuate seriously ill civilians who lived in inaccess-ible areas or in those parts of the country which lacked the necessary medical facilities.

From August 1965 to May 1966, 26 patients

were quickly transported by helicopter from the in-

terior of the country to the capital city. The helicop-

ters, also, rapidly transported necessary medicines

to zones menaced with epidemics. Recently, 5,000

units of vaccine were heliotransported to San Cristo-

bal where, according to officials of the public

administration, the number of typhoid victims had al-

ready reached epidemic proportions.

As a result of periodic public utility strikes,

garbage had piled up in the streets, creating a pro-

blem of public health. With the help of trucks of the

IAPF, the workers of the Public Health Administra-

tion picked up the garbage before it reached dis-

turbing proportions.

In the spring of 1966 an actuate shortage of

water reached a critical point. The water pipes

which lead to various sections of the city were closed

to preserve the little that was left. The 42nd Engi-

neer Company of the IAPF provided immediate help

in the areas affected by the drought. Up to this

date IAPF trucks had transported from out-of-town

sources, to cisterns in hospitals and schools, more

than 300,000 gallons of water.

In the critical areas, the residents were requir-

ed to carry water from distances of more than two

miles away. IAPF engineers installed twenty 1,200

(Cont. on page 26)

A chaplain of the IAPF helps a Domini-can girl get the right fit into a pair of shoes. These shoes were part of 25,000 pounds of clothing sent to the Dominican

Republic by families of IAPF members in Santo Domingo. The chaplains delivered the clothing to religious charities, which

distributed it to the most needy persons.

(IAPF Photo)

An IAPF doctor lends medical aid to the

people of the Dominican Republic. Here,

a mother brings her child for treatment.

(IAPF Photo)

An IAPF dentist administers novacaine to

a child at Paraje Estorgon, Dominican

Republic. The dentist and his assistance

team made a trip through the interior,

treating persons who had never seen a

doctor. The average of three extractions

per person is the result of a diet high in

sugar content. (IAPF Photo)

MEDICAL ASSISTANCE

Members of a medical mission of the IAPF help in the treatment of any wounded

person. With the utmost care these men have saved Dominican civilians and military,

as well as members of the IAPF. On many occasions they have performed a minimum

of five or six operations a day. In this civic assistance, the medical group was successful

in saving the lives of all the persons they treated.

(IAPF Photo)

22

A smiling Dominican mother brings her child to a doctor of the IAPF for an examina-

tion. The medical team visited many locations in the interior of the country.

(IAPF Photo)

23

Food Distribution

,

II

(Cont. from page 20)

gallon water tanks in the centers of these areas and

transported water to them regularly.

The hospitals of Santo Domingo know that a

call to the IAPF will result in the necessary blood

for major surgery. The resources of the local blood

banks have been overtaxed since the April revolu-

tion and have not yet recovered. When the blood

locally available has not met the demands, soldiers

of the IAPF have volunteered their own. Also, the

IAPF has donated blood in cases where the patient

was not able to pay the cost.

The IAPF organized a baseball league compos-

ed of eight teams, and donated sports equip-

ment and coaches in order to promote IAPF-

Dominican sports relationships.

The presence of the IAPF in Santo Domingo

has encouraged the development of the weakened

economy. Unemployment in the Dominican Republic

was very high and families with a low income lived

with many difficulties. The IAPF became a great

force opening the way to recovery. More than 1,000

employees took home each month their salary for

their work with the IAPF. These employees included

laborers as well as specialized technicians. For the

use of private property the IAPF paid monthly rents.

The purchases made locally and the payment of

public services such as electricity, water, etc.,

amounted to a high monthly average, and since

May 1965, the IAPF has disbursed more than

$400,000 for these services and purchases.

The entire history of the program of civic action

of the IAPF is not reflected in facts and figures. It

consists of the many personal relations between

soldiers of the IAPF and the Dominican people.

It is U.S. Sergeant Juan Ocasio who was

interested enough to give his help to improve the

living standards of a group of humble people. It

is a Nicaraguan private who has touched the

hearts of a group of young Dominicans by helping

in the construction of a sports club. It is the Brazilian

soldier stationed in the turbulent "Ciudad Nueva"

who respectfully greets the people who live there.

It is the Costa Rican military policeman who makes

a special effort to direct a visitor to the proper office

at the IAPF Headquarters. It is the Honduran lieu-

tenant whose friendship with Dominicans is reflect-

ed in the dignity of his profession. It is the Para-

guayan sergeant, with his low speaking manner,

who convinces people that the first military force of

the OAS represents peace.

Dominican children who had never dreamed of having their own baseball equipment,

previously, now have it through a program of athletic assistance carried out by the IAPF,

(IAPF Photo)

Army Engineers of the IAPF help in solving the problem of a water shortage in a

poor section of Santo Domingo. Seen in the photo are engineers installing a tower

on which they will mount a 1,200 gallon capacity tank for the supply of water to the

neighborhood.

(IAPF Photo) 26

IAPF engineers and equipment are placed at the disposition of the city Municipal

Department for the maintenance of cleanliness and public health. Trucks and heavy

equipment of the IAPF participated, along with Dominican civilians, in "Operation

Cleanup", removing more than 600 tons of trash.

(IAPF Photo)

27

A helicopter of the IAPF installs a water

tank at a hospital in the city of San

Cristobal. The hospital had not had sur-

gical capabilities because of a lack of

water. (IAPF Photo)

Directions are skillfully and cheerfully given.

28

The Inter-Amerian Peace Force has worked for more than 14 months in the Dominican Republic. At the beginning of this period anarchy and disorder reigned, but the end result was one of the freest elections in Dominican history, the choosing of a Constitutional President — now in office — and a people confident in their future.

Composed of officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers of six different countries, the Inter-American Peace Force has been a veritable lesson in fraternity and understand-ing, carrying out all of its tasks in an atmosphere of true bro-therhood.

Although the Inter-American Peace Force has, on several different occasions, handled very difficult situations, from the Commander to the youngest private, everyone has always borne in mind the just accomplishment of the mission ordered by the Organization of American States and endorsed by its respective governments.

To help the Dominican Republic, the armies of different countries joined together, for the first time in the history of America, writing a truly brilliant page by the sacrifice of their lives, homes and time for the benefit of democracy and liberty in the Western Hemisphere.

Finally, it can be clearly said that the Inter-American Peace Force, as one of the components of the Organization of American States, has played a very important role in the solu-tion of the Dominican problem, and that history in the future will have to do justice to this multi-national force which in a beligerant atmosphere worked impartially for peace, liberty and democracy in the Dominican Republic.

ACTIVITIES OF THE IAPF

30

Colonel

Julio Gutierrez R.

Nicaragua

Colonel

Carlos de Meira Mattos

Brazil

Colonel

Alvaro Arias G.

Costa Rica

Colonel

Roberto Cubas Barbosa

Paraguay

Brigadier General

Robert R. Linvill

U.S.A.

Major

Carlos Villanueva D. Honduras

CONTINGENT COMMANDERS

!-

+

-*.

4

Brotherhood in an Ideal

PEACE AND LIBERTY

i 4

IAPF Headquarters MAY 1965 - JANUARY 1966

IAPF Headquarters JANUARY 1966 - DEPARTURE

OFFICERS

ENLISTED MEN

40

OFFICERS

ENLISTED MEN

f-

.d