NGHIÊN CỨU T ỆN VỀ PHÁT TRIỂN BỀN VỮNG HỆ ...open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12000162_01.pdf2.7 Hệ thống kiểm tra tải trọng phương tiện ..... 2-15 2.8

C QUAN HP TC QUC T NHT BN (JICA)

B GIAO THNG VN TI, VIT NAM

NGHIN CU TON DIN V PHT TRIN BN VNG H THNG GIAO THNG VN TI

VIT NAM

(VITRANSS 2)

Quy hoch Tng th ng b Cao tc Bc Nam H THNG GIAO THNG THNG MINH

Thng 05 nm 2010

Cng ty ALMEC

Cng ty T vn Phng ng Cng ty NIPPON KOEI

T gi hi oi s dng trong bo co ny 1 USD = 110 Yn = 17.000 ng

(Mc trung bnh nm 2008)

LI NI U

p ng yu cu ca Chnh ph nc Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam, Chnh ph Nht Bn quyt nh tin hnh Nghin cu ton din v Pht trin bn vng h thng Giao thng Vn ti Vit Nam (VITRANSS2), giao chng trnh ny cho C quan Hp tc Quc t Nht Bn (JICA)

JICA c mt on nghin cu sang Vit Nam lm vic t thng 11,2007 ti thng 5,2010, do ng IWATA Shizuo t cng ty ALMEC lm trng on, v c cc thnh vin khc l chuyn gia ca cng ty ALMEC, cng ty t vn Phng ng v cng ty Nippon Koei.

c s hp tc cht ch ca nhm i tc Vit Nam, on Nghin cu JICA tin hnh nghin cu ny, ng thi t chc nhiu bui tho lut vi cc cn b hu quan ca Chnh ph Vit Nam. Khi tr v Nht Bn, on Nghin cu hon tt nghin cu v np bo co ny.

Ti hy vng rng bo co ny s gp phn vo qu trnh pht trin bn vng ca h thng giao thng vn ti ca Vit Nam v c nc Vit Nam, ng thi a mi quan h hu ho gia hai nc ln mt tm cao mi.

Ti xin chn thnh cm n cc cn b Chnh ph Vit Nam h tr v hp tc cht ch vi nghin cu ny.

Thng 5, 2010

HIROYO SASAKI,

Ph Ch tch C quan Hp tc Quc t Nht Bn

Thng 5, 2010

HIROYO Sasaki Ph Ch tch C quan Hp tc Quc t Nht Bn Tokyo

T trnh

Knh tha ngi,

Chng ti xin chnh thc trnh b bo co cui cng ca Nghin cu ton din v Pht trin bn vng H thng Giao thng Vn ti Vit Nam (VITRANSS2).

B bo co ny tng hp cc kt qu nghin cu thc hin c Vit Nam v Nht Bn trong giai on t thng 11, 2007 ti thng 5, 2010 ca on Nghin cu gm cc chuyn gia ca cng ty ALMEC, cng ty T vn Phng ng v cng ty Nippon Koei.

Bo co ny c c l nh s ng gp ca rt nhiu ngi. Trc ht, chng ti c bit cm n nhng ngi h tr v hp tc vi on Nghin cu trong thi gian qua, c bit l ca B Giao thng Vn ti Vit Nam.

Chng ti cng cm n cc cn b ca qu c quan, ca Ban C vn JICA v ca i s qun Nht Bn ti Vit Nam h tr v c vn su st cho chng ti trong qu trnh nghin cu.

Chng ti hy vng rng b bo co ny s gp phn vo qu trnh pht trin bn vng ca h thng giao thng vn ti ti Vit Nam.

Trn trng,

IWATA Shizuo Trng on Nghin cu Nghin cu Ton din v Pht trin Bn vng H thng Giao thng Vn ti Vit Nam (VITRANSS2)

i

MC LC 1 GII THIU

1.1 C s xy dng Quy hoch tng th h thng giao thng thng minh ............................... 1-1 1.2 Mc tiu ca mng ITS trong h thng giao thng ng b lin tnh ................................ 1-4 1.3 Phm vi quy hoch tng th ................................................................................................. 1-5 1.4 Tip cn Quy hoch tng th ............................................................................................... 1-6 1.5 Cu trc Quy hoch tng th ............................................................................................... 1-7

2 HIN TRNG V CC VN C BN V ITS

2.1 Khi qut .............................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Mng li ng b lin tnh ............................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 xe .................................................................................................................................... 2-4 2.4 Tai nn giao thng ................................................................................................................ 2-6 2.5 Dch v xe khch lin tnh ..................................................................................................... 2-9 2.6 Vn ti hng ha ................................................................................................................ 2-14 2.7 H thng kim tra ti trng phng tin ............................................................................ 2-15 2.8 H thng thu ph ................................................................................................................. 2-20 2.9 Bin ch dn giao thng ng b ..................................................................................... 2-30 2.10 Cc trm dng ngh bn ng ......................................................................................... 2-32 2.11 Cc phng tin thng tin du lch ...................................................................................... 2-35 2.12 Cc vn c bn ca ITS v Xc nh mc tiu ............................................................. 2-36

3 CC DCH V ITS DNH CHO NGI S DNG V L TRNH THC HIN

3.1 Khi qut .............................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.2 Dch v ITS u tin 1: Kim sot/Thng tin giao thng ....................................................... 3-1 3.3 Dch v ITS u tin 2: Thu ph khng dng ......................................................................... 3-2 3.4 Dch v ITS u tin 3: Kim sot xe ti nng ....................................................................... 3-2 3.5 Dch v ITS d kin 1: H tr xe but lin tnh .................................................................... 3-3 3.6 Dch v ITS d kin 2: H tr xe thun tin .................................................................... 3-3 3.7 Cc dch v ITS kt hp vi vng th .............................................................................. 3-4 3.8 Phn b dch v ITS dnh cho ngi s dng .................................................................... 3-5 3.9 Hiu qu dch v ITS dnh cho ngi s dng ................................................................... 3-6 3.10 L trnh thc hin ITS trong mng li giao thng ng b lin tnh ................................ 3-7

4 CUNG CP DCH V KHAI THC/BO TR

4.1 Khi qut .............................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 Khai thc/ Bo tr ng b ................................................................................................ 4-1 4.3 H thng nh ph ................................................................................................................. 4-5 4.4 Tiu chun v dch v ti thiu ............................................................................................. 4-8

5 GI CNG VIC THC HIN V KIN TRC H THNG

5.1 Khi qut .............................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Khi nim v Gi cng vic thc hin .................................................................................. 5-1 5.3 Gi cng vic thc hin kim sot/thng tin giao thng ...................................................... 5-2 5.4 Gi cng vic thc hin ca Dch v thu ph khng dng ................................................. 5-24 5.5 Gi thc hin i vi kim sot xe ti hng nng .............................................................. 5-38 5.6 Kin trc h thng tng th ................................................................................................ 5-46

ii

5.7 xut Cng ngh c bn ................................................................................................ 5-49

6 H THNG X HI PH HP

6.1 Khi qut .............................................................................................................................. 6-1 6.2 Quy nh ng k phng tin v Bin s .......................................................................... 6-2 6.3 Qun l cu h ng b .................................................................................................... 6-8 6.4 Thng tin giao thng qua i pht thanh ............................................................................ 6-11 6.5 Thng tin thi tit ............................................................................................................... 6-13 6.6 Hnh thc thanh ton ph (Dch v in thoi v Cp in/nc) ..................................... 6-17 6.7 Quy nh x pht (Gian ln ph v Qu ti) ....................................................................... 6-19 6.8 Kim sot vn ti qua bin gii .......................................................................................... 6-21 6.9 Dch v vin thng .............................................................................................................. 6-26 6.10 Quy nh php l v sng v tuyn .................................................................................... 6-29

7 C CU VN HNH ITS

7.1 Khi qut .............................................................................................................................. 7-1 7.2 C cu vn hnh v thng bo s c .................................................................................. 7-1 7.3 C cu vn hnh thit b d DSRC ...................................................................................... 7-3 7.4 C cu vn hnh thit b d GPS/WL .................................................................................. 7-4 7.5 C cu thng tin giao thng ................................................................................................. 7-5 7.6 C cu qun l OBU ............................................................................................................ 7-6 7.7 C cu thanh ton b tr ph ............................................................................................... 7-6 7.8 C cu hot ng ca th IC ............................................................................................. 7-10 7.9 C ch h tr thc hin thu ph ......................................................................................... 7-11 7.10 C cu kim sot xe ti nng ............................................................................................. 7-13 7.11 C cu v Vai tr ca cc t chc n v .......................................................................... 7-14

8 C CU HOT NG CA NG B C S DNG ITS

8.1 Khi qut .............................................................................................................................. 8-1 8.2 B tr chc nng v vn hnh ng .................................................................................. 8-1 8.3 Mng li thng tin lin lc .................................................................................................. 8-5 8.4 B tr v Phi hp gia cc trung tm ............................................................................... 8-10 8.5 Thc hin ITS tng bc ................................................................................................... 8-12

9 YU CU TIU CHUN

9.1 Khi qut .............................................................................................................................. 9-1 9.2 Nguyn tc c bn v tiu chun ha ................................................................................. 9-1 9.3 Danh mc cc yu cu tiu chun ITS ................................................................................ 9-4 9.4 M t Tiu chun D liu/thng bo .................................................................................. 9-11 9.5 Tnh hnh thc hin ITS ca cc d n ng b cao tc ................................................ 9-13

10 CC VN CP THIT

10.1 Khi qut ............................................................................................................................ 10-1 10.2 Thit lp tiu chun ITS ..................................................................................................... 10-1 10.3 D n th im thc hin phi hp .................................................................................... 10-4 10.4 Mt s vn khc v khung vn hnh ITS ...................................................................... 10-5

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PH LC

Ph Lc 1 Cu trc h thng u tin ngi s dng ITS Ph Lc 2 Cc tiu chun quc t c lin quan Ph Lc 3 Cc dch v ngi s dng ITS tham chiu vi ISO 1413 1 Ph Lc 4 Li ch ca D n xut ITS Hoa K Ph Lc 5 Tm tt cuc hp ca t cng tc ITS

iv

DANH MC BNG BIU

Bng 2.2.1 H thng thu ph trn ng cao tc ............................................................................. 2-4 Bng 2.4.1 S v tai nn theo nguyn nhn (20022006) ............................................................... 2-7 Bng 2.5.1 Cc tuyn hot ng chnh ca cc bn xe t khch ............................................... 2-12 Bng 2.7.1 Danh sch 27 trm cn ti trng xe trn cc quc l ................................................... 2-16 Bng 2.7.2 Yu cu chung v H thng trm cn ti trng tnh v ng ....................................... 2-17 Bng 2.8.1 Trm thu ph dc h thng Quc l (2008) .................................................................. 2-21 Bng 2.8.2 Danh sch trm thu ph quy trnh mt dng ................................................................ 2-22 Bng 2.8.3 K hoch hin i ha h thng thu ph ...................................................................... 2-26 Bng 2.8.4 Mc thu ph i vi tng loi ng b ....................................................................... 2-28 Bng 2.9.1 Nhm bin ch dn ........................................................................................................ 2-30 Bng 2.9.2 H s kch thc bin ch dn theo tc thit k ...................................................... 2-30 Bng 2.10.1 xut quy nh v ch dng/ngh theo TCVN 4054-05 ............................................ 2-32 Bng 2.10.2 Danh sch cc cng trnh dng chn bn ng quy m ln .................................... 2-32 Bng 2.12.1 Nhng vn c bn tng ng vi Mc tiu ca ITS .............................................. 2-38 Bng 3.9.1 Hiu qu ca dch v ITS ............................................................................................... 3-6 Bng 3.10.1 Cc mc tiu chnh ca ITS trong Giai on 1 .............................................................. 3-8 Bng 3.10.2 Cc mc tiu chnh ca ITS trong Giai on 2 .............................................................. 3-8 Bng 3.10.3 Cc mc tiu chnh ca ITS trong Giai on 3 .............................................................. 3-9 Bng 4.2.1 Dch v khai thc/bo tr ng b ................................................................................ 4-1 Bng 4.3.1 So snh c ch nh ph................................................................................................. 4-5 Bng 4.4.1 Chia s vai tr gia c quan nh nc v t nhn ....................................................... 4-8 Bng 5.3.1 xut v Phng n la chn cho Dch v Kim sot/thng tin giao thng ............. 5-22 Bng 5.4.1 xut cc phng n la chn i vi dch v thu ph khng dng ......................... 5-31 Bng 5.4.2 So snh phng thc tr ph ng b ....................................................................... 5-32 Bng 5.4.3 So snh hnh thc hot ng ca ln thu ph in t ti Cng thu ph ........................ 5-35 Bng 5.4.4 Phn loi phng tin Vit Nam ................................................................................ 5-35 Bng 5.4.5 Phn loi xe Indonesia ............................................................................................... 5-36 Bng 5.4.6 Phn loi phng tin Malaysia ................................................................................ 5-36 Bng 5.4.7 Phn loi phng tin Nht bn ................................................................................ 5-37 Bng 5.4.8 Phng php o phn loi xe tng ng vi ti trng xe ....................................... 5-37 Bng 5.5.1 xut phng n la chn dch v kim sot xe ti hng nng ............................... 5-43 Bng 5.7.1 So snh thit b cm bin hnh nh ca camera CCTV ................................................ 5-50 Bng 5.7.2 So snh thit b pht hin xe ......................................................................................... 5-52 Bng 5.7.3 So snh phng thc kt ni gia ng ti xe trong ETC (1) ............................ 5-53 Bng 5.7.4 So snh phng thc kt ni gia ng ti xe trong ETC (2) ............................ 5-54 Bng 5.7.5 Theo di Tag M ......................................................................................................... 5-56 Bng 5.7.6 So snh th IC tip xc v th IC khng tip xc ......................................................... 5-58 Bng 5.7.7 So snh c trng k thut ca th IC khng tip xc ................................................. 5-59 Bng 5.7.8 Cc phng php chng ln th ................................................................................... 5-59 Bng 5.7.9 Kinh nghim s dng th IC khng tip xc khu vc Chu ................................... 5-59 Bng 5.7.10 Kinh nghim th s dng IC khng tip xc Chu u .............................................. 5-60 Bng 6.2.1 Danh sch M hiu khu vc i vi bin s xe ............................................................... 6-4 Bng 6.2.2 Hng mc kim tra phng tin v tn sut .................................................................... 6-6

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Bng 6.3.1 Lut v quy nh lin quan n qun l cu h ng b .............................................. 6-8 Bng 6.7.1 Cc mc x pht i vi xe/dng xe tri quy nh ................................................... 6-19 Bng 6.7.2 Mc x pht vi phm qu ti ......................................................................................... 6-20 Bng 6.7.3 Mc x pht vi phm ch hng siu trng siu trongj ............................................... 6-20 Bng 6.8.1 Mc pht i vi phng tin ch hng siu trng siu trng ................................... 6-21 Bng 6.8.2 C ly v thi gian i li t Trung Quc sang Vit Nam ................................................. 6-24 Bng 6.9.1 Danh sch nh cung cp dch v thng tin .................................................................... 6-27 Bng 6.9.2 c im kt cu h tng thng tin lin lc xng sng ............................................... 6-27 Bng 7.7.1 So snh c cu thanh ton b tr ph ............................................................................. 7-9 Bng 7.11.1 Vai tr ca cc n v t chc (1) ................................................................................. 7-14 Bng 7.11.2 Vai tr ca cc n v t chc (2) ................................................................................. 7-15 Bng 8.2.1 La chn kiu b tr chc nng ....................................................................................... 8-4 Bng 8.3.1 So snh cc phng thc truyn ti ............................................................................... 8-9

Bng 9.3.1 Lp t cc thit b gim st ............................................................................................ 9-5 Bng 9.3.2 Cu trc thng tin ca bin thng bo ............................................................................. 9-6 Bng 9.3.3 Lp t thit b truyn ti thng tin ................................................................................... 9-6 Bng 9.3.4 D liu chnh i vi kim sot/thng tin giao thng ....................................................... 9-7 Bng 9.3.5 Khong thi gian cp nht thng tin ........................................................................... 9-7 Bng 9.3.6 D liu chnh cho dch v thu ph khng dng ................................................................ 9-9 Bng 9.3.7 D liu chnh cho dch v kim sot xe ti nng ........................................................... 9-10 Bng 9.4.1 Thuc tnh thnh phn d liu trong tiu chun ISO11179 (1) ...................................... 9-11 Bng 9.4.2 Thuc tnh thnh phn d liu trong tiu chun ISO11179 (2) ...................................... 9-12 Bng 9.5.1 Tnh hnh thc hin ITS ca cc d n ng b cao tc ............................................ 9-13 Bng 10.2.1 Kt qu tiu chun ITS ................................................................................................... 10-2

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DANH MC HNH V

Hnh 1.1.1 Quy hoch mng li ng b cao tc Vit Nam ........................................................ 1-1 Hnh 1.1.2 Minh ho khi nim ITS ................................................................................................... 1-2 Hnh 1.1.3 Trng hp khi h thng tiu chun ha cha hon chnh ............................................ 1-2 Hnh 1.1.4 S cn thit phi lm r cc Chnh sch v Yu cu ..................................................... 1-3 Hnh 1.1.5 S cn thit ca K hoch pht trin tng th ca mng li thng tin lin lc ............ 1-3 Hnh 1.3.1 Mc tiu trong Giai on 1 v Mc tiu m rng trong nhng giai on sau ................. 1-5 Hnh 1.3.2 Phm vi ca Quy hoch tng th .................................................................................... 1-5 Hnh 1.4.1 Ba lnh vc tho lun trong Quy hoch tng th ............................................................. 1-6 Hnh 1.5.1 Cu trc Quy hoch tng th .......................................................................................... 1-7

Hnh 2.2.1 Quy hoch mng li ng b cao tc ph duyt thng 12 nm 2008 ...................... 2-2 Hnh 2.2.2 Quy hoch mng li ng b cao tc khu vc pha Bc ........................................... 2-3 Hnh 2.2.3 Quy hoch mng li ng b cao tc khu vc pha Nam .......................................... 2-3 Hnh 2.3.1 Ni trng gi xe t ........................................................................................................ 2-4 Hnh 2.4.2 Tai nn giao thng Nht Bn ........................................................................................ 2-6 Hnh 2.4.3 Tai nn giao thng nguyn nhn do va chm (2001) ...................................................... 2-8 Hnh 2.4.4 Tai nn giao thng theo iu kin ng (2001) ............................................................ 2-8 Hnh 2.4.5 Tnh hnh giao thng Vit Nam .................................................................................... 2-8 Hnh 2.5.1 Xe t khch lin tnh (Cng ty TNHH Vn ti Hong Long) ......................................... 2-9 Hnh 2.5.2 Hp en lp t trn Xe but lin tnh, Mn hnh gim st (Th d) .............................. 2-10 Hnh 2.5.3 Bn xe Thnh ph H Ni .......................................................................................... 2-11 Hnh 2.5.4 Bn Xe Nam H Ni v S B tr Phng tin (1) .................................................. 2-11 Hnh 2.5.5 Quy bn v Bn Xe Nam H Ni(2) ............................................................................ 2-12 Hnh 2.5.6 Bi trng gi xe my bn xe (Min Ty: Tri, Min ng: Phi) ............................... 2-12 Hnh 2.5.7 Bn xe but ti Tp.HCM ................................................................................................ 2-13 Hnh 2.7.1 H thng trm cn ng (Hnh tri)/H thng trm cn tnh (Hnh phi) ...................... 2-17 Hnh 2.7.2 S b tr h thng d n th im ............................................................................ 2-18 Hnh 2.7.3 Cu cn ti trng tnh .................................................................................................... 2-19 Hnh 2.8.1 V tr cc trm thu ph (nm 2004) ................................................................................. 2-20 Hnh 2.8.2 Trm thu ph quy trnh mt dng ................................................................................... 2-23 Hnh 2.8.3 Ln thu ph v Mn hnh iu khin ti Cu Bnh Tp/Hi Phng ............................... 2-26 Hnh 2.8.4 Ln thu ph t ng c thit b OBU ti xa l H Ni (Tp.HCM) ................................... 2-27 Hnh 2.9.1 Kch c bin .................................................................................................................. 2-30 Hnh 2.9.2 Th d bng ch dn trong tiu chun Vit Nam 22TCN-331-05 ................................... 2-31 Hnh 2.10.1 Cc trm dng chn ..................................................................................................... 2-33 Hnh 2.11.1 Ki-t thng tin ti H Ni ............................................................................................... 2-35 Hnh 3.2.1 Kim sot/Thng tin giao thng ....................................................................................... 3-1 Hnh 3.3.1 Dch v thu ph khng dng ............................................................................................ 3-2 Hnh 3.4.1 Dch v kim sot xe ti nng ......................................................................................... 3-2 Hnh 3.5.1 Dch v h tr xe but lin tnh ........................................................................................ 3-3 Hnh 3.6.1 Dch v h tr xe thun tin ....................................................................................... 3-3 Hnh 3.7.1 Dch v kim sot/thng tin giao thng ........................................................................... 3-4 Hnh 3.7.2 Dch v thu ph ................................................................................................................. 3-4 Hnh 3.7.3 Dch v h tr xe but lin tnh ........................................................................................ 3-5 Hnh 3.7.4 Dch v h tr xe thun tin ....................................................................................... 3-5 Hnh 3.8.1 Phn b Dch v ITS dnh cho ngi s dng ............................................................... 3-5 Hnh 3.10.1 L trnh thc hin ITS ca mng li giao thng ng b lin tnh ............................ 3-7

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Hnh 4.2.1 Khai thc ng b truyn thng da trn cc h thng ph thuc ............................. 4-4 Hnh 4.2.2 Khai thc ng b s dng ITS ................................................................................... 4-4 Hnh 4.3.1 Ba h thng biu thu ph in hnh ................................................................................ 4-5 Hnh 4.3.2 H thng biu ph kt hp s dng cho vng th ...................................................... 4-6 Hnh 4.3.3 Doanh thu bao gm tng chi ph .................................................................................... 4-7 Hnh 4.3.4 Doanh thu thu ph bao gm chi ph khai thc/vn hnh ................................................. 4-7 Hnh 4.4.1 Mi quan h gia Mc dch v khai thc/bo tr v Doanh thu thu ph .................... 4-8 Hnh 4.4.2 Tiu chun Dch v Ti thiu Kim sot Mc dch v .......................................... 4-9 Hnh 5.2.1 Khi nim v Gi cng vic thc hin ............................................................................ 5-1 Hnh 5.3.1 Thng tin v S c ......................................................................................................... 5-2 Hnh 5.3.2 Thng tin n tc giao thng ............................................................................................ 5-3 Hnh 5.3.3 Thng tin thi gian xe chy ............................................................................................ 5-4 Hnh 5.3.4 H tr kim sot giao thng ........................................................................................... 5-5 Hnh 5.3.5 Gi cng vic thc hin v Phng n kim sot thng tin giao thng ........................ 5-6 Hnh 5.3.6 Theo di bn ng ....................................................................................................... 5-7 Hnh 5.3.7 Nhn bit hnh nh ......................................................................................................... 5-8 Hnh 5.3.8 Thit b gim st bn ng .......................................................................................... 5-8 Hnh 5.3.9 Nhn bit hnh nh ....................................................................................................... 5-10 Hnh 5.3.10 Thit b pht hin phng tin ...................................................................................... 5-11 Hnh 5.3.11 Thit b d DSRC .......................................................................................................... 5-11 Hnh 5.3.12 Thit b dn ng GPS/WL ........................................................................................ 5-12 Hnh 5.3.13 Nhn bit hnh nh ........................................................................................................ 5-13 Hnh 5.3.14 Thit b pht hin phng tin ...................................................................................... 5-14 Hnh 5.3.15 Thit b d DSRC ......................................................................................................... 5-15 Hnh 5.3.16 Thit b dn ng GPS/WL ........................................................................................ 5-16 Hnh 5.3.17 Thit b cm bin thi tit .............................................................................................. 5-17 Hnh 5.3.18 Gim st bn ng ..................................................................................................... 5-17 Hnh 5.3.19 Nhn bit hnh nh ........................................................................................................ 5-18 Hnh 5.3.20 Pht hin phng tin .................................................................................................. 5-19 Hnh 5.3.21 Thit b DSRC ............................................................................................................... 5-20 Hnh 5.3.22 Thit b dn ng GPS/WL ........................................................................................ 5-20 Hnh 5.3.23 Cc gii php la chn ca Gi khn cp .................................................................... 5-23 Hnh 5.4.1 H thng thu ph ............................................................................................................ 5-25 Hnh 5.4.2 Gi cng vic thc hin v ............................................................................................ 5-26 Hnh 5.4.3 Chm & i ..................................................................................................................... 5-27 Hnh 5.4.4 Thu ph in t ti o thu ph (2 cc) .......................................................................... 5-28 Hnh 5.4.5 ETC ti o thu ph (1-cc) ........................................................................................... 5-29 Hnh 5.4.6 Thu ph in t dng t do ............................................................................................ 5-30 Hnh 5.4.7 Hai phng php kim tra s d trong ti khon tr trc .......................................... 5-33 Hnh 5.4.8 Hn ch ca Hnh thc thanh ton bng s d ti ngn hng .................................. 5-33 Hnh 5.4.9 ETC kt hp vi hnh thc Chm th & i ................................................................... 5-34 Hnh 5.4.10 Kt hp s dng Cc phng php Thu ph ............................................................... 5-34 Hnh 5.4.11 Vn hnh ln thu ph mt cch linh hot ....................................................................... 5-34 Hnh 5.5.1 Quy nh qu ti ............................................................................................................ 5-38 Hnh 5.5.2 Theo di hot ng xe ti ch vt liu nng/nguy him ............................................... 5-38 Hnh 5.5.3 Gi cng vic thc hin v ............................................................................................ 5-39 Hnh 5.5.4 o ti trng xe ti bi ............................................................................................... 5-40 Hnh 5.5.5 Cn ti trng xe ng .................................................................................................... 5-40

viii

Hnh 5.5.6 Thit b DSRC ................................................................................................................ 5-41 Hnh 5.5.7 Thit b GPS/WL ............................................................................................................ 5-42 Hnh 5.5.8 Phng php o ti trng xe ........................................................................................ 5-44 Hnh 5.5.9 Phng php o ti trng trc ...................................................................................... 5-44 Hnh 5.5.10 Cc vn v t chi khng cho xe qua bn ng .................................................. 5-45 Hnh 5.5.11 nh ngha v Ti trng gii hn x l ti trng ....................................................... 5-45 Hnh 5.6.1 Kin trc tng th h thng ITS ..................................................................................... 5-46 Hnh 5.6.2 Minh ha kin trc h thng .......................................................................................... 5-47 Hnh 5.6.3 Qu trnh thc hin thc t (= Qu trnh thay th) ........................................................ 5-48 Hnh 5.7.1 Phm vi gim st ca Camera CCTV ........................................................................... 5-49 Hnh 5.7.2 Minh ha h thng camera CCTV ................................................................................. 5-50 Hnh 5.7.3 Bin bo VMS/SGM bn ng ................................................................................... 5-52 Hnh 5.7.4 ng-ten bn ng ca thit b DSRC Ch ng cho hai ln xe .............................. 5-55 Hnh 5.7.5 Mi quan h gia tiu chun ISO/IEC14443 v ISO/IEC18902 .................................... 5-61 Hnh 6.1.1 Mi lin h gia cc h thng x hi v Dch v u tin ngi s dng ITS ................. 6-1 Hnh 6.2.1 Giy chng nhn ng k (tri: xe khch, phi:xe ti) ..................................................... 6-2 Hnh 6.2.2 Kch thc ca bin s ................................................................................................... 6-4 Hnh 6.2.3 Mu bin s .................................................................................................................... 6-4 Hnh 6.2.4 Th d Giy ng k phng tin v kt qu iu tra ...................................................... 6-7 Hnh 6.3.1 Cp cu H Ni ........................................................................................................... 6-9 Hnh 6.3.2 Trung tm nhn cuc gi 115 v i thng bo cp cu ................................................ 6-9 Hnh 6.4.1 Phng ghi m pht sng chng trnh VOV ................................................................. 6-11 Hnh 6.4.2 Trung tm gim st giao thng ...................................................................................... 6-11 Hnh 6.4.3 Th d v ng dng phn mm theo di GPS .............................................................. 6-12 Hnh 6.5.1 Thit b quan trc Trung tm quan trc thy vn H Ni ........................................... 6-13 Hnh 6.5.2 S t chc ca Trung tm kh tng thy vn quc gia (NHMS) ........................... 6-15 Hnh 6.5.3 Dng m kh tng thy vn ......................................................................................... 6-15 Hnh 6.8.1 Th d v chng nhn c php i qua pha trn bn phi th .............................. 6-22 Hnh 6.8.2 Giy php lin vn Vit - Lo ........................................................................................ 6-23 Hnh 6.8.3 Hnh lang kinh t Bc - Nam ........................................................................................ 6-23 Hnh 6.8.4 Thng mi qua bin gii hnh lang kinh t Bc - Nam, 2005 .................................... 6-24 Hnh 6.8.5 Hnh lang ng - Ty ................................................................................................... 6-25 Hnh 6.8.6 Hip nh Vn ti qua Bin gii mi .............................................................................. 6-25 Hnh 6.9.1 c im kt cu h tng thng tin xng sng ........................................................... 6-28 Hnh 7.2.1 C cu vn hnh v Thng bo s c ............................................................................ 7-1 Hnh 7.3.1 C cu vn hnh thit b d DSRC ................................................................................. 7-3 Hnh 7.4.1 C cu vn hnh thit b GPS/WL .................................................................................. 7-4 Hnh 7.5.1 C cu thng tin giao thng ............................................................................................ 7-5 Hnh 7.6.1 C cu qun l OBU ....................................................................................................... 7-6 Hnh 7.7.1 LOI-0 s dng th IC khc nhau do cc n v khai thc ng pht hnh ............... 7-7 Hnh 7.7.2 LOI-1 s dng th IC chung do mt ngn hng pht hnh ( giai on 1) ................. 7-8 Hnh 7.7.3 LOI-1 s dng th IC chung do nhiu ngn hng pht hnh ( giai on 2) ............... 7-8 Hnh 7.7.4 LOI-2 s dng th IC chung do cc n v khai thc ng pht hnh ...................... 7-9 Hnh 7.8.1 C cu hot ng ca th IC ........................................................................................ 7-10 Hnh 7.9.1 C cu h tr thc hin thu ph .................................................................................... 7-11 Hnh 7.9.2 Cc bin php p dng thc hnh thu ph .................................................................... 7-12 Hnh 7.10.1 C cu kim sot xe ti nng ....................................................................................... 7-13 Hnh 7.11.1 C cu vn hnh tng th ITS ...................................................................................... 7-14

ix

Hnh 8.2.1 LOI-0 da trn tch hp kim sot/thng tin giao thng ............................................... 8-2 Hnh 8.2.2 LOI-1 da trn th IC chung do cc ngn hng pht hnh .......................................... 8-2 Hnh 8.2.3 LOI-1a da trn vic kim tra cho v giao thng/thu ph ........................................... 8-3 Hnh 8.2.4 LOI-1b da trn h thng thng tin lin lc vn hnh bi mt n v mi ................... 8-3 Hnh 8.3.1 Cu trc mng li thng tin lin lc .............................................................................. 8-5 Hnh 8.3.2 Cu trc phn tng trn mng li xng sng ............................................................. 8-6 Hnh 8.3.3 iu khin cc thit b bn ng trong giai on u .................................................. 8-7 Hnh 8.3.4 B tr in hnh ca vng si quang chnh v cc nt ph ............................................. 8-7 Hnh 8.3.5 B tr cp si quang theo tng bc .............................................................................. 8-8 Hnh 8.3.6 Nng lc mng li thng tin lin lc cho khai thc ng b ...................................... 8-8 Hnh 8.4.1 B tr cc trung tm chnh ............................................................................................. 8-10 Hnh 8.4.2 Phi hp gia hai trung tm trong khu vc th ......................................................... 8-10 Hnh 8.4.3 Trao i thng tin d liu cn thit gia cc trung tm chnh ....................................... 8-11 Hnh 8.5.1 K hoch thc hin tng bc ca chc nng Kim sot/thng tin giao thng .......... 8-12 Hnh 8.5.2 K hoch thc hin tng bc thu ph khng dng ..................................................... 8-13 Hnh 8.5.3 K hoch thc hin tng bc ca Dch v kim sot xe ti nng .............................. 8-13 Hnh 8.5.4 Phi hp gia cc trung tm chnh xung quanh khu vc H Ni ................................. 8-15 Hnh 8.5.5 Phi hp gia cc trung tm chnh xung quanh khu vc Thnh ph HCM .................. 8-15 Hnh 9.2.1 Cu trc h thng gi cng vic thc hin ...................................................................... 9-1 Hnh 9.2.2 Cnh tranh trong th trng cung cp hp phn thit b ................................................. 9-2 Hnh 9.2.3 Kh nng kt ni gia cc giao tip ................................................................................ 9-3 Hnh 9.2.4 Trao i d liu v phng tin i qua ........................................................................... 9-3 Hnh 9.3.1 on ng thc hin gim st ..................................................................................... 9-5 Hnh 9.3.2 on ng c thng bo thng tin giao thng ............................................................. 9-6 Hnh 10.2.1 Thit lp tiu chun ITS ................................................................................................ 10-2 Hnh 10.3.1 Thc hin phi hp ti khu vc H Ni ........................................................................ 10-4 Hnh 10.3.2 Thc hin phi hp khu vc Tp.HCM .......................................................................... 10-4

x

DANH MC THUT NG VIT TT

ADB Ngn hng pht trin Chu ATM My rt tin t ng ATM Phng thc chuyn i thiu ng b BOT Xy dng-Vn hnh-Chuyn giao CBTA Hip nh vn ti qua bin gii CCD Thit b in tch kp CCTV Truyn hnh mch ng CDMA a truy cp phn chia theo m CMOS Chp cm bin nh sng C-to-C T trung tm-ti-trung tm DOT S giao thng vn ti DSRC Thit b lin lc tm ngn chuyn dng DWDM Quang nng bng phn chia bc sng EMV Th Visa Master chu u ERP Tnh ph ng b in t ETC Thu ph in t EVN Tp on in lc Vit Nam EWEC Hnh lang kinh t ng-Ty GDP Tng sn phm quc ni GPS H thng nh v ton cu GMS Khu vc tiu vng sng Mkong GSM H thng lin lc di ng ton cu HMI Giao tip gia my v con ngi IC Nt giao thng IC-card Th chuyn mch ng b IEC Hi ng k thut in t quc t IR Hng ngoi ISO T chc tiu chun ha quc t ITS H thng giao thng thng minh ITU Lin hip vin thng quc t LED n hunh quang Diode LP Bin ng k MIC B thng tin v truyn thng MOT B giao thng vn ti NSEC Hnh lang kinh t Bc-Nam OBU Thit b lp t trn xe ODA H tr pht trin chnh thc PDOT S giao thng vn ti tnh PTQC Cc kim sot cht lng bu chnh vin thng SDH Phn cp k thut s ng b SGM Bin thng tin hnh nh SMS Dch v qun l h thng T-DES Tiu chun m ha d liu nhn ba TDM Ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian VATA Hip hi vn ti t Vit Nam VMS Bin hiu thng bo thay i VNPT Tp on bu chnh vin thng Vit Nam

xi

VOV i ting ni Vit Nam VRA Cc ng b Vit Nam WB Ngn hng th gii WIM Phng php cn ti trng ng WL Lin lc khng dy WTO T chc thng mi th gii

Nghin cu ton din chin lc pht trin h thng giao thng vn ti bn vng Vit Nam (VITRANSS 2) Ph lc: Quy hoch tng th ITS

1-1

1 GII THIU

1.1 C s xy dng Quy hoch tng th h thng giao thng thng minh

Vit Nam, h thng ng cao tc ang c xy dng vi tc nhanh chng bi cc t chc khc nhau vi ngun vn h tr pht trin chnh thc (ODA) t nhiu quc gia, t Ngn hng pht trin chu (ADB), Ngn hng th gii (WB), v cc ngn hng ni a v cc nh u t t nhn dihnh thc Xy dng-Vn hnh-Chuyn giao (BOT). Bi vy, c th hiu rng h thng ng cao tc sau khi c xy dng s c vn hnh v khai thc bi nhiu t chc khc nhau.

Mt khc, hin nay trn th gii, cng ngh thng tin lin lc ang c s pht trin vt bc. Mng Internet chnh l minh chng cho s pht trin ca dch v thng tin lin lc. Thng tin lin lc l dch v c cung cp thng qua mng li ton cu bao gm nhng h thng c vn hnh bi nhiu n v khc nhau. ITS (H thng giao thng thng minh) cng c pht trin nhiu quc gia nh vic trao i d liu gia cc thit b v trung tm trong mng li thng tin lin lc. Hu ht cc thit b c tiu chun ho v c cung cp bi nhiu nh cung cp khc nhau. Vic tiu chun ho c thc hin vi mc tiu gim chi ph nh s cnh tranh ca th trng

Hnh 1.1.1 Quy hoch mng li ng b cao tc Vit Nam

Ngun: on Nghin cu VITRANSS2


1-2

Hnh 1.1.2 Minh ho khi nim ITS

Tuy nhin, Vit Nam cha c mt chnh sch thng nht v p dng ITS c th bao gm thu ph, kim sot/thng tin giao thng v qun l/vn hnh mng li thng tin lin lc. Nu vic xy dng ng cao tc c tip tc nh vy s xy ra s thiu ng b, khng c s phi hp gia cc on ng khc nhau dn n vic lng ph chi ph u t/vn hnh h thng v s bt tin trong khi s dng ng cao tc.

V d, c th hnh dung c s tiu chun ho cha hon chnh ca h thng giao tip gia ng-v-xe khi p dng thu ph t ng (ETC) s dn ti tnh hung khng hay nh hnh minh ha di y. Phng tin phi gn ng thi nhiu thit b OBU i qua c nhiu on ng khc nhau.

Hnh 1.1.3 Trng hp khi h thng tiu chun ha cha hon chnh

Ngun: c cung cp bi ng Noguchi Ghi ch, AH: Nhiu OBU trn mt xe

Bc u tin ca vic tiu chun ho l lm r chnh sch v cc yu cu v ITS Vit Nam. Nhng yu cu khng r rng thng dn n vic lp t nhng h thng khng ph hp v lng ph. V d, gii quyt vn tc nghn giao thng th c th p dng nhng h thng khc nhau nh sau.

Mng li dch v ngn hng

Mng li thng tin giao thng ng b

H thng thu ph

ngten bn ng

Thit btrong nh

Internet

ngten bn ng

Trung tm d liu

My tnh c nhn

Th IC

OBU

Thit b bn ng

Trung tm vn hnh

TT d liuTTd liu

Trung tm d liu

Thit b bnng

Thit b trong nh

Ngun: on nghin cu VITRANSS2

Rp


1-3

Hnh 1.1.4 S cn thit phi lm r cc Chnh sch v Yu cu

Cn c mng li thng tin lin lc c quy hoch tng th cung cp cc dch v ITS trn ton quc; nu khng, vic xy dng mt s trung tm quy m nh s ty thuc vo vic xy dng ca tng on ng. Mng li thng tin lin lc thiu quy hoch v nhng trung tm nh nh vy s dn n s phc tp trong trao i d liu v khng hiu qu v mt chi ph.

Hnh 1.1.5 S cn thit ca K hoch pht trin tng th ca mng li thng tin lin lc

Vi nhng l do cp trn, vic lp Quy hoch tng th l giai on chun b cn thit thc hin tiu chun ho ITS i vi h thng giao thng ng b lin tnh.

Trungtm

Trungtm

H thng CCTV: theo di tai nn giao thng v tnh trng ng c

H thng thit b d xe : theo di s hin hu/tc xe

Cho php c hnh ng ng ph ngay khi c tai nn giao gy ra tc ng

Cho php la chn ng i no nhanh hn khi c tc nghn giao thng

Gii quyt vn tc nghn giao thng


Phc tp

n gin v hiu qut!!

Cc trung tm chnh th/lin tnh

Cc trung tm chnh th/lin tnh

Trung tm lin tnh chnh

Mng li thng tin lin lc khng c quy hoch Mng li thng tin lin lc c quy hoch



1-4

1.2 Mc tiu ca mng ITS trong h thng giao thng ng b lin tnh

Trong Quy hoch tng th c xut 7 mc tiu di y ca vic thc hin ITS trong h thng giao thng ng b lin tnh Vit Nam tho lun.

(i) Tng hiu qu vn hnh ca h thng giao thng

(ii) Gip giao thng thng sut v ng gi

(iii) Nng cao s an ton v an ninh ca giao thng

(iv) Nng cao s thun tin v tin nghi ca giao thng

(v) Tiu th t nng lng hn v chi ph mi trng thp hn

(vi) Thc y pht trin cc ngnh ngh thng qua pht trin cng ngh tin tin

(vii) m bo giao thng thun li i vo khu vc th

ITS phc v ngi s dng ng bng vic vn hnh nhng h thng cn thit. y l im khc bit vi cc kt cu h tng ng b bi ng b ch phc v ngi s dng ng bng vic xy dng cc hng mc kt cu h tng.


1-5

1.3 Phm vi quy hoch tng th

Phm vi tho lun ca Quy hoch tng th tp trung vo nhng dch v ITS u tin cho ngi s dng c tnh h tr r rng i vi vic vn hnh ng b. Mt h thng thng tin lin lc ITS ch thch hp khi xut pht t cc dch v ITS u tin. Phm vi tho lun c th m rng thm nhng dch v khc trong nhng giai on sau.

Hnh 1.3.1 Mc tiu trong Giai on 1 v Mc tiu m rng trong nhng giai on sau

Phm vi ca Quy hoch tng th l h thng ng giao thng lin tnh, ch yu l ng cao tc, v cc on ng ni n h thng ng trc chnh ca th . Cc dch v ITS s c cung cp lin tc cho ngi s dng ang i trn ng; do vy, s khng hp l nu ch hn ch phm vi dch v trong h thng ng giao thng lin tnh. Phm vi nghin cu s xc nh v tr ca thit b bn ng; tuy nhin, v tr cc trung tm, thit b trong nh v h thng thng tin lin lc cng s khng b hn ch trong phm vi nghin cu.

Hnh 1.3.2 Phm vi ca Quy hoch tng th

vo nhng dch v cho ngi s dng Tp trung

H thng thng tin lin lc

Tiu chun ho trong giai on 1 Nhng giai on sau Nhng giai on sau


Cc dch v ITS u tin cho ngi s dng

H thng ng lin tnh H thng ng chnh th

(Phm vi ca Giai on 1)

(Ch yu l ng cao tc)

Nhng dch v ITS d kin (c m rng vo cc giai on sau)


Cc on ng ni


1-6

1.4 Tip cn Quy hoch tng th

ITS s mang n cho ngi s dng nhng dch v tin tin nh vic s dng h thng thng tin lin lc. iu ny s thc hin c nh cc h thng ph v cc thit b khai thc. Cc ni dung v ITS s c tho lun trong Quy hoch tng th t ba kha cnh sau.

(1) Dch v giao thng: Dch v no s c cung cp?

Vic vn hnh h thng ITS c th trin khai theo nhiu kch bn; tuy nhin, cc dch v cho ngi s dng ITS cn phi c chun b k lng da trn iu kin c th ca tng mng li ng v c im giao thng Vit Nam. V d trng hp tc nghn, cn ty iu kin hin trng ca mng li ng v giao thng nhng quan trng l phi loi b c nguyn nhn gy tc nghn hoc la chn ng i hp l. Cc dch v cho ngi s dng ITS v tnh hiu qu ca n cn c tho lun su hn nhm ph hp vi cc mc tiu xut.

(2) H thng thng tin lin lc: Cn p dng phng thc no cho tng dch v?

C th la chn nhiu kin trc h thng khc nhau trin khai dch v ITS v chi ph ph thuc vo tng kiu kin trc ca h thng la chn. T y, cc kiu kin trc c chn s c lit k v kiu ph hp s c chn phi p ng cc yu cu dch v v kh nng hn hp ca ngun vn. Ngoi ra, vn tiu chun ha cng cn phi c xem xt gim chi ph thc hin.

(3) C cu vn hnh: n v no s c thnh lp vn hnh h thng?

pht trin thnh cng ITS, h thng ny cn phi do cc n v vn hnh lin quan qun l. Do , yu cu tiu chun v n v vn hnh cng cn phi c a ra tho lun. ng thi khuyn khch thnh lp cc n v vn hnh ph hp vi tiu chun v cn phi c s hp tc gia cc n v ny.

Hnh 1.4.1 Ba lnh vc tho lun trong Quy hoch tng th


C ch vn hnh

Dch v giao thng vn ti


Vn v ITS


1-7

1.5 Cu trc Quy hoch tng th

Trong Quy hoch tng th, dng ITS c p dng trong mng li ng b lin tnh Vit Nam c tho lun da trn ba kha cnh nu trn. Cu trc v quy trnh Quy hoch tng th c th hin trong hnh di y.

Hnh 1.5.1 Cu trc Quy hoch tng th

Cc yu cu v Tiu chun ITS

Gi cng vic thc hin

H thng thng tin lin lc C cu vn hnh ng b c s dng ITS

C cu vn hnh ca ITS Cu trc h thng tng th

M t h thng

Yu cu ca Dch v

Dch v ITS cho ngi s dng v L trnh thc hin

Mc tiu ITS trong h thng ng giao thng lin tnh

Cc h thng x hi lin quan

Cc iu kin hin ti v cc ni dung c bn ca ITS

Dch v khai thc/bo tr ng b s c cung cp

Nhng vn cp thit


Ghi ch:

Dch v giao thng


C cu vn hnh


1-8

S lc tho lun trong cc bc cu trc quy hoch nh sau; (1) Mc tiu ITS trong h thng ng giao thng lin tnh

By mc tiu di y ca vic thc hin ITS trong h thng giao thng ng b lin tnh Vit Nam c xut ti Chng 1, s c tho lun trong Quy hoch tng th.

(2) Cc iu kin hin ti v Cc vn c bn v ITS

Chng 2 s xem xt ton b cc iu kin hin ti di y tho lun v quy hoch tng th v ITS, v da trn kt qu , cc vn c bn s c tng hp li v phi hp vi cc mc tiu nu i vi h thng ITS. (i) H thng ng giao thng lin tnh (ii) xe

(iii) Tai nn giao thng (iv) Xe but lin tnh

(v) Vn ti hng ho (vi) H thng kim sot ti trng xe (vii) H thng thu ph

(viii) H thng thng tin giao thng ng b (ix) Cc trm ngh bn ng

(x) Cc tin nghi thng tin du lch. (3) Cc dch v dnh cho ngi s dng v L trnh thc hin

Cc dch v ITS dnh cho ngi s dng mang tnh u tin/s m rng trong tng lai c xut ti Chng 3.

Kim sot/thng tin giao thng Thu ph khng dng Kim sot xe ti nng H tr xe khch lin tnh H tr xe thun tin

Nhng dch v ITS dnh cho ngi s dng c phi hp thc hin vi vng th sau s c xut, nh dch v tnh ph s dng ng th. Hiu qu ca nhng dch v ny s c tng hp trong bng biu lin quan n mc tiu ca ITS. Nhng dch v xut s c a vo l trnh thc hin ITS vi ba giai on v mc tiu chnh ca mi giai on s c lm r.

(4) Cung cp dch v Vn hnh v Bo dng

Tm lc v dch v vn hnh/bo dng s c trnh by trong Chng 4. Chnh sch v h thng thu ph phc hp c xut p dng cho h thng ng b vng th. Cc chnh sch v doanh thu t ph cng c cp v chnh sch phn loi xe cng c a vo tho lun trong nhng chng tip theo.

Cui cng, trong Quy hoch tng th cc yu cu v dch v ti thiu i vi ng cao tc c xut tho lun v mc c th nh lng ca dch v cn thit.

(5) Gi cng vic thc hin

Nhng dch v ITS mang tnh u tin

Nhng dch v ITS s m rng trong tng lai


1-9

Khi nim v gi cng vic thc hin c trnh by u tin ti Chng 5. Tip theo cc gi cng vic c th v cc phng n la chn c xc nh ph hp vi cc dch v ITS dnh cho ngi s dng mang tnh u tin bng vic tho lun v cc ni dung sau:

(i) Cc yu cu v dch v (ii) Chia gi cng vic thc hin

(iii) M t h thng (iv) Gii trnh b sung.

(6) Kin trc tng th ca h thng

Ton b kin trc tng th ca h thng minh ha cho vic thc hin mng ITS trn mng ng b lin tnh l kt qu tho lun v cc gi cng vic. Nhng chi tit cn thit xc nh cc yu cu ca tiu chun ITS c trnh by trong phn Ph lc-1. Cui cng, cc xut phng n la chn v cc cng ngh nh sau:

(i) Camera CCTV (ii) Thit b d xe

(iii) Thit b VMS (Bin bo in t) (iv) Giao tip ng-v-xe trong ETC (v) Th IC khng tip xc .

(7) H thng x hi c lin quan

Chng 6 s lm r nhng iu kin hin ti ca nhng h thng x hi lin quan n dch v ITS cho ngi s dng c tho lun ti Chng 3 v 5.

(i) H thng ng k phng tin giao thng v bin kim sot (ii) Qun l cng tc cu h giao thng ng b (iii) Thng tin giao thng thng bo qua sng pht thanh

(iv) Thng tin v thi tit (v) H thng thanh ton ph (tin in, tin nc v tin in thoi)

(vi) Cc quy nh ca php lut v x pht (gian ln trong thu ph v ch qu ti) (vii) Kim sot xe i qua bin gii

(viii) Quy nh ca php lut v sng v tuyn (8) C cu vn hnh ITS

Chng 7 - nhng c cu vn hnh ITS di y v nhng vn th ch v nhng bin php gii quyt c tho lun v xem xt da trn kin trc h thng nu ti Chng 5 v Ph lc- 1.

(i) C cu vn hnh v Thng bo s c

(ii) C cu vn hnh v Thit b d DSRC (iii) C cu vn hnh Thit b GPS/WL

(iv) C cu vn hnh v Thng tin giao thng (v) C cu vn hnh v Qun l OBU

(vi) C cu vn hnh v Vn hnh th IC (vii) C cu vn hnh v Thanh ton b tr ph

Cc tiu chun lin quan xemtrong Ph Lc 2


1-10

(viii) C cu vn hnh v Cng ch thu ph (ix) C cu vn hnh v Kim sot xe ti nng.

Cc kt qu tho lun cui cng c tng hp a vo khun kh chung ca ITS v danh sch cc n v trong c cu s c tho lun v a vo bng biu.

(9) C cu t chc vn hnh ng b c s dng ITS

C th hnh dung c cc kiu b tr chc nng trong vn hnh ng c tho lun trc tin trong Chng 8, v qua vic so snh cc kiu b tr chc nng s chn ra kiu b tr chc nng ph hp. Cc chnh sch c bn s c ln lt cp ti nhng ni dung ca vic thc hin ITS sau:

(i) B tr chc nng v Vn hnh ng (ii) S b tr v phi hp ca cc trung tm (iii) Vic thc hin ITS tng bc

(10) Mng li thng tin lin lc

Mng li thng tin lin lc s c tho lun t ba kha cnh sau:

(i) Kt cu ca mng cp trc (ii) Phng thc truyn dn

(iii) S lp t ca cp quang. (11) Yu cu v Tiu chun ITS

Khi nim ca nhng im mu cht trong vic tiu chun ho c trnh by ti Chng 9.

Yu cu ca dch v Cu trc h thng S lp t v hot ng ca thit b S tng thch ca cc cu phn thit b Kh nng kt ni ca cc giao din Kh nng chia s ca d liu H thng mng li thng tin lin lc.

Cc yu cu ca tiu chun ITS c lit k theo th t u tin ca cc dch v ITS dnh cho ngi s dng: kim sot/thng tin giao thng, thu ph khng dng v kim sot xe ti nng. Cc ni dung c m t nh l yu cu ca d liu/thng bo ITS c tham kho tiu chun ISO11179 v ISO/DIS14817. Cui cng, s cn thit v cp thit ca cc yu cu ny c trnh by c so snh vi tnh hnh thc hin ITS trong nhng d n ng cao tc ang thc hin.

(12) Nhng vn cp thit

Trong Chng 10, c xut hai vn cp thit trong vic thc hin ITS ti Vit Nam nh sau:

(i) Thit lp tiu chun ITS (ii) D n th im v phi hp thc hin ITS.

(iii) Nhng vn khc v c cu vn hnh ca ITS

Trnh by ti Chng 5 v Ph lc-1

Nu trong Chng 9

Nghin cu ton din chin lc pht trin giao thng vn ti bn vng Vit Nam (VITRANSS 2) Ph lc: Quy hoch ITS

2-1

2 HIN TRNG V CC VN C BN V ITS

2.1 Khi qut

Chng ny cp n hin trng v kin tho lun v quy hoch tng th ITS, da trn kt qu tng hp li cc vn tng ng vi cc mc tiu ca ITS ra.

(i) H thng ng giao thng lin tnh (ii) xe

(iii) Tai nn giao thng (iv) Xe but lin tnh

(v) Vn ti hng ho (vi) H thng kim sot ti trng xe

(vii) H thng thu ph (viii) H thng thng tin giao thng ng b

(ix) Cc trm ngh bn ng (x) Cc phng tin thng tin du lch.

2.2 Mng li ng b lin tnh

Mng li ng b lin tnh bc u i vo thc hin da trn Quy hoch mng li ng b cao tc (Theo Q 1734/QD-TTg) ph duyt thng 12 nm 2008. Mng li ng b cao tc c tng chiu di l 5.873 km, chy song song vi cc ng quc l. Trong hnh 2.2.1, ng mu th hin mng li quy hoch ng b cao tc v mt s on tuyn u tin thi cng bng vn vay t Chnh ph Nht Bn, Ngn hng pht trin Chu (ADB) v ngun vn trong nc.

Chi tit quy hoch mng li ng b cao tc v tin thc hin hai min Bc, Nam th hin trong Hnh 2.2.2 v Hnh 2.2.3.

Mc d mng li ng b cao tc hnh thnh ph hp vi quy hoch ny, mi on tuyn ng b cao tc s c thc hin bng nhiu ngun vn khc nhau. Do , iu ng lo ngi l tnh ng b trong cng tc qun l, iu khin giao thng, bo tr cng nh cc gii php ITS ti cc on tuyn cao tc.

Yu cu thit k ng b cao tc c quy nh theo TCVN5729/97 nm 1997, xc nh r hai loi ng b cao tc: ng b cao tc Loi A v ng b cao tc Loi B. ng thi cng nu r ng b cao tc c thit k theo hnh thc kim sot nghim ngt li ra vo, ngha l ch cho php nhp tch dng mt s v tr nht nh nh nt giao khng ng mc, ngi i b v xe p khng c php i vo ng b cao tc. Tuy nhin tiu chun ny khng h cp n vic ng b cao tc phi chy song song vi quc l.

Ngoi ra cng khng c quy nh hay hng dn v hnh thc thu ph s p dng cho ng b cao tc (Vd: H thng thu ph m hoc H thng thu ph kn). iu ny cng s nh hng ti vic la chn h thng gi v v gii php ITS i vi h thng thu ph khng dng. Hnh 2.2.2 s gii thch v s khc bit gia cc h thng thu ph.


2-2

Hnh 2.2.1 Quy hoch mng li ng b cao tc (Theo Q 1734/QD-TTg) ph duyt thng 12 nm 2008

Ngun: on Nghin cu Vitranss (Da trn Q 1344/QD-TTg)

Lo Cai

Ni Bi

Lng Sn

Mng Ci

H Long

Hi Phng

Php Vn Cu Gi

Ninh Bnh Thanh Ha

Vinh H Tnh

Qung Tr

Nng

Qung Ngi

Quy Nhn

Nha Trang

Phan Thit

H Ch Minh

Trung Lng

Cn Th

C Mau

ang lp D n

ADB, VEC

ang lp D n

ADB, VEC

ang thi cng ang lp D n

Hon thnh 2002 ang thi cng

NCKT BOT + ODA

NCKT (TEDI)

Cha xc nh

Cha xc nh

Cha xc nh

ang lp D n

t i WB JICA

NCKT (TEDI & CB)

Cha xc nh

NCKT CB

Du Giy

Cha xc nh

ang lp D n

ang thi cng

ang lp D n C C

ang N.cu CO C O O

.st hin ti

Quc l

Quy hoch BCT

Ch thch


2-3

Hnh 2.2.2 Quy hoch mng li ng b cao tc khu vc pha Bc


Hnh 2.2.3 Quy hoch mng li ng b cao tc khu vc pha Nam


Lng Sn

Mng Ci

H Long

Hi Phng

ang lp D n

ADB VEC

ang thi cng

ang lp D n

ADB VEC

Ni Bi

Du Giy Phan Thit

ang Nghin cu

ang lp D n C C

Trung Lng

ang thi cng

Cn Th

ang lp D n


2-4

Bng 2.2.1 H thng thu ph trn ng cao tc

H thng

H thng thu ph m H thng thu ph kn

S : Cng thu ph

Ghi ch

Cc phng tin ch c th ra vo ti mt s v tr nt giao lin thng hn ch. Vic thu ph thc hin ti cng thu ph trn ng cao tc.

Mt s phng tin chy trn ng cao tc c th khng phi ng ph v khng i qua trm thu ph no.

Nu vic thu ph c thc hin ti cc cng thu ph th nn lp t h thng thu ph da trn c ly.

H thng ny ph hp vi cc on tuyn khng c quc l chy song song, do cc on ny c th phi s dng phc v thng xuyn nhu cu cho ngi dn sng quanh khu vc.

Thu ph c thc hin li ra nt giao, da trn thng tin ghi chp ti li vo nt giao.

Ton b phng tin lu thng trn ng cao tc s phi tr ph.

D dng lp t h thng thu ph da trn c ly hoc t l.

H thng ny ph hp vi cc tuyn c mt s on chy song song vi ng quc l, nu nh on ny ch dnh cho cc phng tin chy trn ng cao tc khng dnh cho nhu cu ca ngi dn sng quanh khu vc.

Ngun:on Nghin cu VITRANSS 2

2.3 xe

V tr xe c th tm thy dc cc tuyn ph trong thnh ph. Nh hnh pha bn, v tr xe c gi l Ni trng gi xe t.

Quy hoch im trng gi xe do y ban Nhn dn tnh ph duyt, trong khi thit k v thc hin quy hoch do S giao thng tnh thng qua. Cc cng ty nh nc hoc t nhn u c th khai thc im trng gi xe. H Ni, Cng ty Vn ti H Ni ng k khai thc 138 im trng gi xe t, 8 im c xy dng khu vc trung tm, 130 im cn li dc theo cc tuyn ng hoc khng gian tm thi. Cng trnh im xe ln nht ch c sc cha hn ch l 1.450 xe v din tch l 79.000m2 cnh bn xe khch M nh, cc im khc ch cha c khong 50 ~ 150 xe. Hnh 2.3.2 th hin v tr cc cng trnh im xe.

Cc cng trnh bi do t nhn khai thc H Ni rt t v ch c mt s ti thnh ph H Ch Minh.

Hnh 2.3.1 Ni trng gi xe t



2-5

Hnh 2.3.2 V tr cc cng trnh bi

Ngun: Transerco Webpage

Bn xe M nh 1

1.450 xe - 79,000 m2

Ngc Khnh 1

300 xe - 16 500 m2

Bn xe Nam Thng Long

50 xe - 5,621 m2

Bn xe Dch vng

150 xe 15.279 m2

Bn Mai dch

100 xe - 3,500 m2

Bn xe Hi Bi

160 xe - 20,000 m2

Bn xe Kim Ngu

80 xe - 21.917 m2

Bi xe ng Tu

60 xe - 1,512 m2


2-6

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

1962

1965

1968

1971

1974

1977

1980

1983

1986

1989

1992

1995

1998

2001

2004

km

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200Nos./ 10^9 veh.-km

Inter-City Expressway Length (km)Injury /Fatality Accident Rate (Nos. of Accident/vehile-km)

2.4 Tai nn giao thng

1) Tnh hnh tai nn giao thng

S v tai nn, s v cht ngi v b thng nm 2005 Vit Nam so vi nm 1992 ln lt tng t 8.165 ln 12.732; 2.755 ln11.223 (12.406 nm 2009) v t 9.040 ln 10.047.

Mc d s v tai nn giao thng c chiu hng gim t nm 2002 nhng s v cht ngi li khng gim. C ngha l t l ngi cht gia tng v trung bnh c trn 30 ngi cht v tai nn giao thng trong mt ngy. Hnh sau y th hin xu hng tai nn giao thng trong giai on 1992 2005.

Hnh 2.4.1 Xu hng tai nn giao thng (1992-2005)

Ngun: UBATGTQG

Theo ti liu v tai nn giao thng Nht bn, r rng giai on mi pht trin ng b cao tc nguy c xy ra tai nn giao thng cao do thiu kinh nghim li xe trn ng cao tc v h thng qun l cc tnh hung bt ng. Do , nn thc hin nhng bin php phng chng tai nn giao thng ngay t khi mi pht trin mng li ng b cao tc.

Hnh 2.4.2 Tai nn giao thng Nht Bn

Ngun:on Nghin cu VITRANSS 2

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

S v tai nn

S v cht ngi

S v b thng


2-7

2) Cc dng Tai nn Giao thng

Di y l cc c im v tai nn giao thng c phn tch da trn cc v tai nan giao thng xy ra Vit Nam. Ch y l cc v tai nn xy ra trn ng quc l, khng phi trn ng cao b cao tc.

(i) Cc nguyn nhn gy tai nn

(ii) Nguyn nhn va chm

(iii) Ni hay xy ra tai nn

(1) Cc nguyn nhn gy tai nn giao thng

Bng 2.4.1 ch ra cc nguyn nhn dn n tai nn giao thng trong giai on 2002 2006. Hu ht cc v tai nn giao thng Vit Nam u xut pht t li ca ngi s dng ng b, trong vt qu tc l nguyn nhn u tin chim 25%. Kt cu h tng ng b, c bit l ng quc l, c ci to ng k tuy nhin thc chp hnh giao thng ca ngi iu khin phng tin khng cao.

V vy, ngi s dng ng b c xu hng vt qu tc trn cc quc l khi mt giao thng thp. Vic vt sai quy nh ca cc phng tin xe ti, xe but v xe khch i vi cc phng tin c tc thp nh xe my, xe p thng dn n nguy him. Trong trng hp ny cn phi c quy nh v chp hnh lut l giao thng v gio dc giao thng cho ngi s dng ng b gim tnh trng tai nn giao thng. Ngoi ra, cng cn c bin php nh ci to iu kin mt ng, ri mt l ng, thit k li ng, lp t bin bo, thng tin tn hiu giao thng.

Bng 2.4.1 S v tai nn theo nguyn nhn (20022006)

Nguyn nhn T l (%)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1.Qu tc 24,4 24,1 26,0 25,8 24,82. Vt sai 18,9 16,8 15,8 12,7 13,73. Chuyn ln sai 17,0 17,6 16,5 16,7 18,04. Chuyn hng khng c tn hiu xin chuyn 4,1 3,4 2,4 1,6 1,75. Vt n 1,1 0,1 1,7 0,6 0,26. Khng gi ng khong cch an ton 6,9 0,9 2,4 1,8 0,47. Li xe bt cn 15,9 12,1 8,1 10,0 8,28. Li sang ng ca ngi i b 0,7 2,3 2,9 3,2 2,69. Khc 11,0 22,7 24,2 27,6 30,4

Ngun: Phng Giao thng ng b v ng st, MOPS

(2) Nguyn nhn va chm

Hnh 2.4.2 nu c th nguyn nhn va chm dn n tai nn giao thng (s liu nm 2001). Hn 60% v tai nn gy cht ngi m nguyn nhn l do va chm gia xe my v xe my hoc xe my v t. S v ti nn do vam chm gia t v t gy b thng chim 17%, cao hn hn so vi s v tai nn v s v gy cht ngi.


2-8

Hnh 2.4.3 Tai nn giao thng nguyn nhn do va chm (2001)

Ngun: Hc vin Cnh st Nhn dn (Phn tch s liu mu)

(3) Ni xy ra

Tai nn giao thng do iu kin ng gy ra c th hin trong Hnh 2.4.4 di y. Khong 90% cc v tai nn xy ra trn cc on ng thng. S v cht ngi on ng cong cng tng i cao (khong 11%) so vi s v tai nn v s v b thng.

Hnh 2.4.4 Tai nn giao thng theo iu kin ng (2001)

Ngun: Hc vin Cnh st Nhn dn (Phn tch s liu mu)

Hnh 2.4.5 di y cung cp thng tin v tnh hnh giao thng ng b Vit Nam, thnh phn tham gia giao thng ch yu l xe my, iu kin ng x ngp lt vo ma ma v cc nt giao giao thng.

Hnh 2.4.5 Tnh hnh giao thng Vit Nam

89

86

89

10

11

9

1

2

2

0

1

0

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

S v tai nn

S v cht ngi

S v bthng

ng thng Cong Dc Cu

24

32

27

20

29

23

14

8

10

14

5

10

0

0

0

8

11

17

11

9

8

6

5

2

3

2

2

0

0

0

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

S v tai nn

S v cht ngi

S v bthng

XM w/ XM XM w/ t XM w/X XM w/Ngi i b XM w/Tu t w/ t t w/X XM w/Ngi i b Car w/Tu T m Khc


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2 HIN TRNG V CC VN C BN V ITS2.1 Khi qut2.2 Mng li ng b lin tnh2.3 xe2.4 Tai nn giao thng

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