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69 电信工程技术与标准化 经 验 与 交 流 EXPERIENCE AND EXCHANGE ·2011年 第4期· 家庭基站技术挑战和研究现状 叶璇,张欣,曹亘,杨大成 (北京邮电大学,北京 100876) 家庭基站作为一种提高室内信号覆盖的新技术,受到了业界的广泛关注。它能以较低的功率为室内用户提供 高速率高带宽的服务。本文首先介绍了家庭基站的概念,并分析了在已有的宏蜂窝网络中引入家庭基站带来 的好处,然后对家庭基站面临的技术挑战和研究方向进行了说明和分析,最后介绍了家庭基站标准化和商用 的现状。 关键词 家庭基站;室内覆盖;技术挑战 中图分类号 TN929.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1008-5599(2011)04-0069-05 收稿日期 : 2011-03-01 高速数据业务的要求促进了新的无线接入标准的产 生,如 WiMAX(802.16e),3GPP 的 HSPA 和 LTE, 3GPP2 的 EV DO 和 UMB 标准,此外,Wi-Fi 网络也 能分布式地提供高速的数据业务。 研究表明,50% 的语音业务和 70% 的数据业务都发 生在室内环境下 [1] 。语音信号数据速率较低,对信号的质 量要求不高,数据信号则需要很高的信号质量来提供高 速业务。由于 3G 部署在较高的频段,来自宏蜂窝的信号 衰减很快,导致室内信号质量较差。虽然增加宏蜂窝的 部署密度可以提高室内信号覆盖,但是这样做费用很高, 于是家庭基站应运而生。家庭基站的覆盖范围较小,能 以较低的功率进行工作来达到信号质量的要求,而且家 庭基站能通过数字用户线(DSL)、光纤宽带等连接到运 营商的核心网中,减少了运营商的 CAPEX 和 OPEX。 1 家庭基站简介 文献 [2] 对家庭基站有明确的定义 :家庭基站是低 功 率 的 无 线 访 问 接 入 点(AP, Access Point), 在 室 内环境下提供无线语音和宽带服务。在 3GPP 术语中, UMTS 系统的家庭基站 AP 又叫做 HNB,LTE 系统的 家庭基站 AP 又叫做 HeNB。传统的室内短距离无线技 术如 Wi-Fi 等虽然也能提高室内无线信号覆盖,但是 它工作在 2.4GHz 的 ISM 频段,需要昂贵的双模终端 才能有效工作 ;而家庭基站工作在运营商被授权的频带 上,它可以直接使用已有的符合标准空中接口协议(如 图1 家庭基站典型部署场景

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69 EXPERI ENCEANDEXCHANGE2011 4 100876 TN929.5 A 1008-5599201104-0069-052011-03-01 WiMAX802.16e3GPP HSPA LTE3GPP2 EV DO UMB Wi-Fi 50% 70% [1]3G DSLCAPEX OPEX1[2] AP, Access Point3GPP UMTS AP HNBLTE AP HeNBWi-Fi 2.4GHz ISM 170 TEL ECOMENGI NEERI NGTECHNI CSANDSTANDARDI ZATI ON2011 4EXPERI ENCEANDEXCHANGEGSMUMTSLTEWiMAXCDMA 1 DSLLANIP FMC[3]IP 2AP SINRSINRIP , IP 33.1 [4]1232 23.2 3GPP CSGClosed Subscriber GroupUE71 EXPERI ENCEANDEXCHANGE2011 4[5]CSG [6]CSG [7]3 CSG UE UE CSGUE UE UE 3.3 [3]OFDMA 3.4 OAMOperation Administration MaintenanceAP CPE CPE TR-069 CPE ACSAutomatic Configuration ServerCPEAP TR-196[8]3.5 AP 3 IP Iu-bIMS/SIP RAN UMA3GPP RAN IP RAN [9]RAN AP SeGWSecurity GatewayAP RAN Iuh Internet IPSecRANRAN RNCAP UE Uu Uu RRCCSG [9]33.6 AP / [9]UMTS Release 8 HNB IDHNB-ID72 TEL ECOMENGI NEERI NGTECHNI CSANDSTANDARDI ZATI ON2011 4EXPERI ENCEANDEXCHANGEHNB SeGWHNB HNB-GWX.509 HNB HNB_GWIP IETFIPSec 3.7 QoS xDSLQoS QoS3.8 3 UE [10]Yeung Nanda [11] 3.9 3GPP OFDMA 1s 2.510-7[1213]TDD IEEE 1588 IP Precision Timing Protocol over IPGPS 43GPP TS22.011TS22.115TR25.820 TR32.8213GPP Release 8 Release 8 UE UEUE RAN3GPP TSG RAN WG3 HNB GatewayHNB 3GPP CSG CSG OAM TR-069 3GPP Release 9 CN OAMSprint cdma 1x EV DO Verizon AT&TO2 TelefonicaMotorolaSoftbankABI Research 2012 1 3000 3GPP Release 8Release 9 573 EXPERI ENCEANDEXCHANGE2011 4Technical challenges and current research situation of femtocellYE Xuan, ZHANG Xin, CAO Gen, YANG Da-cheng (Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China)Abstract As a new technique which aims at improving indoor signal coverage, femtocell have received widespread attention in the industry. In this paper, we frst introduced the concept of femtocell and then analyze the benefts of bringing femtocell into the existing microcell network. After that, we described and analyzed thetechnicalchallengesfacingfemtocell,aswellastheresearchdirectionsoffemtocell.Finally,we described the current standardization and commercialization situation.Keywordsfemtocell; indoor coverage; technical challenge[1] Presentations by ABI Research, Picochip, Airvana, IP Access, Gartner, Telefonica Espana[A]. 2nd Intl. Conf Home Access Points and Femtocells[C]. http://www.avrenevents.com/dallasfemto2007/ purchase_presentations.htm[2] Femto Forum. Regulatory Aspects of Femtocells[S]. May,2008.[3] Chandrasekhar V, Andrews J G, Gatherer A. Femtocell networks: a survey[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, September 2008: 59-67.[4] 3GPP TR 25.967 v9.0.0. Home Node B Radio Frequency (RF) Requirements (FDD)[S]. 2009.5.[5] 3GPP TS 36.300 v9.6.0. E-UTRA and E-UTRAN: Overal l Description[S]. 2010,12.[6] 3GPP TS 24.285 v9.4.0. Allowed CSG List Management Object: Management Objest[S]. 2010,12.[7] Golaup A, Mustapha M, Patanapongpibul L B. Femtocell Access Control Strategy in UMTS and LTE[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, September 2009, 117-123.[8] Knisely D N, Yoshizawa T, Favichia F. Standardization of Femtocells in 3GPP[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, September 2009: 68-75.[9] 3GPP TS 25.467(9.4.0). UTRAN Architecture for 3G Home Node B[S]. December 2010.[10] Ho L T W, Claussen H. Effects of user-deployed, co-channel femtocellson the call drop probability in a residential Scenario[A]. 18th Annual IEEEIntl Symp. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Commun[C], September 2007:1-5.[11] Yeung K L, Nanda S. Channel management in microcell/macrocell cellularradio systems[J]. IEEE Trans Vehic Tech, November 2006: 60112.[12] Picochip. The case for home base stations[A]. White Paper[C]. April2007.[13] Andrews J G, Ghosh A, Muhamed R. Fundamentals of WiMAX[M].Prentice Hall, 2007.3GPP 3G 3GPP 3G 20055201020112KDV8000AMCU1KDV7920141KDV7820)News