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VIPNET NEWSRegistered with the Registrar of Newspapers of India: R.N. DELENG/2002/8668

APRIL-MAY 2011 VOL. 9 NO. 4 and 5 PRICE: 2.00

A monthly newsletter of Vigyan Prasar Network of Science Clubs - VIPNET

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[kkn~ ; inkFkks Z a es a feykoV dh tka p

Robert Boyle : Who pavedthe way for

Modern Chemistry

Godmen also useknowledge of chemistry

to perform so-called

miracles

Virtual Philately -A New Toolfor science population

Photo Quiz

Puzzle

Club Speak

j

[kkn~ ; inkFkks Z a es a feykoV dh tka p

Robert Boyle : Who pavedthe way for

Modern Chemistry

Godmen also useknowledge of chemistry

to perform so-called

miracles

Virtual Philately -A New Toolfor science population

Photo Quiz

Puzzle

Club Speak

[kkn~; inkFkks a Z es a feykoV djuk u ds oy ,d lkekftd cq jkbZ gS cfYd vijk/k Hkh gS



2VIPNET NEWS April-May 2011 / Vol. 9 / No. 4-5

va rjjk"Vªh; jlk;u foKku o"kZ 2011

ch-ds- R;kxh@uouhr dqekj xq Irk [email protected], [email protected]

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201IInternational

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International Year of Chem istery 2011

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201IInternational

Year of Chemistry




va rjjk"Vª h; jlk;u foKku o"kZ 2011

Robert Boyle established the study of chemistry as a

separate science. In fact among many rightful ontenders

for the title “Father of Modern Chemistry” is Robert

Boyle. He was the first prominent scientist to perform

experiments under controlled conditions and publish his

researches with elaborate details concerning procedure,

apparatus and observations. His best known scientific

publication was The Sceptical Chymist. In this work,

which was published in 1661, Boyle discusses the idea of

an element. While it is true that Boyle’s idea of an elementwas somewhat vague but his idea was a clear break with

the then erroneously held concept of an element. The

first use of the term “chemical analysis” is attributed to

Boyle. He used this term in the same sense as we

understand it today. He did important work in mechanics,

medicine, hydrodynamics and a wide variety of

experiments with vacuum pump. Boyle’s most interesting

and influential contribution was his “corpuscular or

mechanical hypothesis.” This was the fullest and most

detailed development of physical atomism up to his time.

He was also interested both theoretically and practically

in alchemy. His interest in alchemy was governed by his

desire to acquire more knowledge of God and the world

than by any desire for riches. Boyle was active in the

“Invisible College”, an informal body devoted to the “new

philosophy”, which in 1663 became the Royal Society.

Unfortunately while Boyle’s contribution was very

significant in the development of modern chemical thought

but today he is remembered solely for Boyle’s Law. Boyle

was one of the leading intellectual figures of the

seventeenth century. Boyle was a prolific writer. He was

a great experimentalist. His scientific interest covered a

broad area. Throughout his life Boyle sought to improvethe lot of humanity by devising better methods and

practices. For example he was interested in the

improvement of agricultural methods, in the improvement

of medicines and medicinal practice, in the possibility of

preserving food by vacuum packing and in many other

things. He was involved in a project to distill salt water

into fresh at sea. Probably Boyle organized a commercial

enterprise that produced chemicals.

He had an abiding faith in his religion, Christianity. He

spent time and energy for making the Bible available

widely. He got it translated into a variety of languagessuch as Irish, Turkish, and various native American

languages. Boyle had no hesitation in believing, though in

“Boyle’s main contribution to chemistry was his insistence on experiment, precision and

accurate observation. He devised many analytical tests including the use of vegetabledyes as acid-base indicators and of flame tests to detect metal. The chemist’s concernfor the purity of his material began with Boyle.

A Dictionary of Scientists. Oxford University Press, 1999.

“With the publication of The Sceptical Chymist (1661),Boyle prepared the way for a more modern view ofchemistry, which put aside alchemical ideas andAristotelian doctrine of four colours…it was Boyle whochanged chemical attitudes and prepared the way forPriestley and Lavoisier to create the ChemicalRevolution.”The Cambridge Dictionary of Scientists. Cambridge

University Press, (Second Edition, 2002.

“He (Boyle) was, surprisingly, an alchemist, but hisalchemy was a logical outcome of his atomism. If everysubstance is merely a rearrangement of the samebasic elements, transmutations should be possible.

Modern atomic physics has proved him right.”Chambers Biographical Dictionary, Centenary Edition.Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd., 1997.

Who Paved the Way for Modern ChemistryRobert BoyleRobert Boyle

Who Paved the Way for Modern Chemistry

201IInternational

Year of Chemistry




International Year o f Chemistery 2011

Boyle defined the term “element” in Sceptical Chymist (1661): “…certain primitive and simple,or perfectly unmingled bodies; which not being made of any other bodies, or of one another, arethe ingredients of which all those called perfectly mixt bodies are immediately compounded,and into which they are ultimately resolved.” Many ideas in the Skeptical Chymist were takenover from Rene Descartes (1596-1650). However, in one respect Boyle fundamentally disagreed

with Descartes. For Descartes, the concept of vacuum did not exist. He believed in an allpervading either. However, Boyle rejected the idea of ether as he did not get any experimentalevidence for it. Like Descartes, Boyle ones believed that the primary particles move freely influids and less freely in solids.

Some important works of Robert Boyle1. New Experiments Physico-Mechanical,

Touching the Spring of Air and its Effects

2. Certain Physiological Essays3. The Sceptical Chymist4. Some Considerations Touching the

Usefulness of Experimental NaturalPhylosophy

5. The Origins of Forms and Qualities6. The Excellency of Theology, Compar’d with

Natural Philosophy7. Considerations about The Excellency and

Grounds of the Mechanical Hypothesis8. The Free Enquiry into the Vulgarly Receiv’d

Notion of Nature9. The Discourse of Things above Reason10.Disquisition about the Final Causes of

Natural Things11. The Christian Virtuoso12. Experimental History of Mineral Waters

(1685)13. Of the Reconcileableness of Specific

Medicines to the Corpuscular Philosophy(1685)

14. Medicinal Experiments: or a, Collection ofChoice Remedies, 1692 (Posthumous)

15. Experiments and Consideration TouchingColours

16. Hydrostatic Paradoxes17. About the Excellency and Grounds of the

Mechanical Philosophy.

a more intellectual realm, that God does help some men

acquiring scientific knowledge.

Boyle sincerely believed in miracles. In fact miracles

were a crucial factor in his opting for Christianity. He

saw clear stamp of God upon the Christian miracles.

Robert Boyle was born at Lismore Castle, Munster,

Ireland on January 25, 1627. He was the fourteenth child

of his parents’ fifteen children. And being the last child of

his parents to survive to adulthood, he was the youngest

in the family. His father, Richard Boyle (1566-1643) was

the first Earl of Cork. Richard Boyle was immensely

wealthy and he is also known as the “Great Earl”. Richard

Boyle had left England at the age of 22 and had gone to

Ireland. Boyle’s mother Catherine Fenton, was Richard

Boyle’s second wife, his first having died within a year of

the birth of their first child. Boyle hardly got time to know

his parents well. His mother died in childbirth a few weeks

after his third birthday. Boyle last saw his father just before

he left for a continental tour. At the time Boyle was twelve.In his autobiographical account he reflects on his noble

birth that ‘being born heir to a great family is but a

glittering kind of slavery’ and ‘is ever an impediment to

the knowledge of many retired truths, that cannot be

attained without familiarity with meaner persons.’

Boyle had a privileged upbringing. Boyle’s parents

believed that best upbringing for young children up to the

time they began their education could be provided away

from their parents. So Boyle was sent away to be brought

up in the country. Boyle had no university degree. Boyle

was educated at home and then he studied at Eton forfour years (1635-38). Boyle alongwith one of his brothers

entered Eton in 1635. The two young Boyles lived in the

house of the Headmaster John Harrison. When Boyle

entered Eton, it was just becoming fashionable as a place

where important people were sending their children for

studying. Boyle writes that Harrison gave Boyle “a strong

passion to acquire knowledge”. Boyle was doing very

well at Eton. However, after the retirement of Harrison,

Boyle failed to fit in with the educational discipline,

Harrison’s successor brought to the school. And finally

Boyle and his brother were taken out of Eton in November1638. After leaving Eton, Boyle came under the tutorship

of Isaac Marcombes, a native of Auvergue. Boyle was

sent on a Grand Tour of France and Italy (1638-44),

accompanied by his brother Francis and Marcombes. In

Italy he studied the work of the recently deceased Galileo.

During his stay abroad, Boyle’s father got entagled in

battle with Irish rebels and he died in September 1643.

Boyle spent some time at Geneva and he lived there mainly

on his tutor’s earning. In the summer of 1644 he had to

sell some of his jewellery to finance his trip to England.

When Boyle returned to England, it was in a chaotic state.

Since 1642, King Charles was at war with the Parliament

and several battles in 1644 left both King and Parliamentin disarray.

It took quite some time before he could start living at

201IInternational

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Boyle did not accept various honours offered to him by Charles II such as Provotship of Etonand a peerage. However, he was appointed to the Board of the East India Company and Memberin the Royal Company of Mines. It has been reported that Boyle carried out explorations for theRoyal Company of Mines for industrial and medical resources. He was granted a forfeited estatein Ireland in 1662. The income form this estate was used by Boyle for the advancement of

learning and the dissemination of Christianity. He was appointed Governor of the Society forthe Propagation of the Gospel in New England in 1661.This position he held until 1689. RobertBoyle died in London on December 30, 1691. He was buried in the Church of Saint-Martin-inthe- Fields next to his sister. However, the church was later demolished and no record waskept as to where his remains were moved.

Stalbridge. During this time he lived with his sister

Katherine and he also undertook a trip to France to repay

his debts to his tutor. Finally he settled down at Stalbridge.

Though Boyle had no intention to live long at Stalbridge,

he remained there for around six years. At the beginning

Boyle engaged himself in devotional writing. He composed

early versions of Seraphic Love, The martyrdom of Theodora, and other pious

reveries. Subsequently Boyle

came in contact with several

members of the loosely

organized group of technical

and utopian writers inspired by

Francis Bacon and clustering

around Samuel Hartlib.

About 1649, Boyle

became interested in

scientific experimentation.Boyle’s first exposure to

systematic experimentation

occurred at the hands of

George Starkey who wrote

immensely popular

Chrysopoetic treatises under

the pseudonym Eirenaues Philalethes. From Starkey, Boyle

acquired a full experimental knowledge of Helmontian

chymistrty, a discipline that fused mundane chemical

pursuits with the quest for such ‘great arcana’ as the

universal dissolvent or alkhasa and the Philosopher’sStone. For this he needed a furnace. However, he could

not find one at Stalbridge, a place far enough away from

tradespeople who could make such an item. So he

ordered one but when it finally arrived, it was completely

broken. Eventually a furnace did arrive and Boyle could

start his experimenting.

Boyle moved to Oxford in 1654. Here he came into

contact with a group of physicians and natural philosophers

who encouraged his pursuit of natural philosophy. Among

those with whom Boyle interacted were: John Wilkins,

John Wallis, Seth Ward and Christopher Wren. At Oxford,Boyle first worked on pneumatics. He got an air pump

built for him by Robert Hooke after the type invented by

Otto von Guerick (1602-86) in 1654. Assisted by Robert

Hooke, Boyle performed a number of pioneering

experiments. He showed that air was essential for the

transmission of sound, and for the respiration and

combustion. He also realized that respiration and

combustion exhausted only part of the air. He showed

for the first time that Galileo was correct in his assertionthat all objects fall at the same

velocity in a vacuum. In his

most famous experiment on

pneumatics, he took a U-

shaped tube with a shorter

closed end, and a longer open

end in which he poured

mercury. With the help of this

device he could isolate a given

volume of gas in the shorter

end. When the mercury waslevel in both ‘limbs’, the gas

was under atmospheric

pressure. Boyle could

increase the pressure by

adding more mercury to the

longer limb of the Ushaped

tube. And by doing so, Boyle found that the volume was

halved if the pressure was doubled, reduced to a third if

the pressure was tripled and so on. His work on

compressibility of air was published in 1660. It was his

first major scientific work. It was titled New ExperimentsPhysico- Mechanicall, Touching the Spring of the Air and

its Effects. In the second edition of this work published

in 1662, Boyle described the famous law stating that

pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional

that is if the pressure increases, volume would decrease

and the vice versa. It became known as Boyle’s Law in

Britain and USA but in France it was credited to Edme

Mariotte (1620-84), who announced the discovery of the

same law that Boyle had announced in 1662. As we know

Boyle’s law holds for ideal gas and it can be summarized

as PV=k, where k is a constant , and P and V are pressure

and volume respectively.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716)expressed his astonishment to ChristianHuygens (1629-95) over the fact that Boyle didnot construct any theory based on hisexcellent and extensive experimentalobservations. He wrote that Boyle “who hasso many fine experiments, (had) not come tosome theory of chemistry after meditating solong on them. Yet in his books, and for all the

consequences that he draws from hisobservations, he concludes only what we allknow, that everything happens mechanically.He is perhaps too reserved. Excellent menshould leave us even their conjectures; theyare wrong if they wish to give only those truthsthat are certain.”

Dr Subodh Mahanti

E-mail % [email protected]

201IInternational

Year of Chemistry




International Year of Chemistery 2011

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201IInternational

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201IInternational

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201IInternational

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Never before in the history of human civilization, science

and technology was so advanced as it is today. There isno aspect of our life now which has remained untouchedby modern Science and Technology. But there are people,not only in India but across the world, those still hold verystrong belief system which has no scientific basis. Thisbelief system and their prejudices are so strong that theyare aversed to any scientific scrutiny or rationalinterpretation of the same. Such people become softtargets for some people who claim themeself to beGodmen or reincarnations or the avatar of God. TheseGodmen claim to possess some supernatural power toperform some miracles like producing something out of

nothing or converting one thing into another (!). Beforeproceeding further, let's try to understand the meaning of three words, i.e.. Miracle, Magic and Mystery or 3 M,as our science communicators address them. They havesomthing in common but have diffrent psychologicalcannotation. We will try to understand the meaning of each M with its psychological connotation it has on otherperson when it is used in common parlance .

Miracle(M1):- A miracle is a phenomenon whichseems to be unexplained by known natural laws andconsidered to be supernatural in origin or beyond theunderstanding of human mind. Here, again the questionis, what is supernatural. It is considered to be somethingoutside the natural world, especially not attributable toforces of nature. If we believe that a phenomenon ismiracle, then no effort will be made to find its scientificexplanation or to analyze the phenomenon logically onthe basis of existing known law of nature.

Mystery (M2):- Mystery is a natural phenomenonwhich is not yet explained. This signifies that at presentthere is no probable scientific explanation to that, butefforts are on to find the same unlike in the case of miracle.

Magic (M3 ):- Magic is an art, where something is

presented by a person to entertain the people in such away that there is apparently no connection betweencause and effect. In magic tricks, there is something whichis always hidden. For example a magician is hanging anobject in the air. But as per known law of gravity, it isimpossible. But the magician hang the object with thehelp of a very thin and transparent thread, which is notvisible to the audience. Once , this fact is known, thenthe entire thing becomes very simple to explain. UnlikeGod man, magician never claim that he has somesupernatural power. In fact they always say that all theirwork is an art to entertain the people.

Today, much of the natural phenomena which peopleused to belive to be the miracle or supernatural in origin,can be explained with the help of our current scientificknowledge. To find the scientific explanation of such so-

called miracles, to begin with, these should be tested on

the premise of law of conservation of mass and energy.According to this theory, the matter or energy cannot becreated or destroyed, but it can be converted from oneform to other. This law is one of the most fundamentallaws of nature on which modern science is based. If sothen, how one can claim that he/she can producesomething out of nothing. Interestingly some godman claimthat they can do so with the help of their mental power(!), which is in total defiance of law of conservation of energy and mass,

A number of organizations and individual scienceactivists are now working all over India on this subject.

About more than 2000 such tricks/phenomena have beencollected and complied across the country, which aregenerally considered to be miracles by the commonpeople. All these tricks or phenomena can be categorizedinto four groups as follows:-

Sleight of Hands: It is more of an art and skill inwhich the movement of hand or body is utilized to createdesired impact on the viewer by producing something ormaking something to disappear. The act is so sudden andfast that the viewer cannot co-relate the effect with cause.

Tricks based on Mechanical Apparatus: To createsome desired impact, sometime specially designed

mechanical apparatus are used by creating properambiance like enchanting mantras etc., so that the trick can be executed smartly without being noticed.

Tricks based on human anatomy, physiology andpsychology: - The five senses of human being have theirown limitation and they can be easily deceived. Similarlyby certain exercises, mind of a subject can be pre-conditioned for a desired impact for taste, touch, soundetc.

Tricks based on chemicals: A number of tricks areperformed with the help of chemicals. Like ghostappearing on a plain paper, burning of ghost, performing

operation with cutting the body (!), etc. To create thedesired impact, in all such tricks chemicals are used.

In our January 2011 issue of VIPNET News, as partof International Year of Chemistry 2011, we suggestedsome activities to be taken up in a campaign mode. Onesuch activity was 'Scientific Explanation of Miracles'based on knowledge of Chemistry. The basic objectiveof this compaign would be to make people aware aboutsuch unscrupulous people those cheat innocent peoplesand to develop & nurture scientific and rational thinkingamong them. In this issue we are giving about 23 suchtricks with their explanations and the knowledge of

chemistry used in them. Vigyan Prasar has also publisheda book entiled " Seeing Is Not Always Believing" inEnglish and "Sach to Kuch Aur Hai" in Hindi. National

201IInternational

Year of Chemistry

Godmen Also Use knowledge of Chemistryto Perform So-called Miracles

Godmen Also Use knowledge of Chemistryto Perform So-called Miracles





Council for Science & Technology Communications isalso organizing training programmes on the subject sincelast 15 years. At present the Master Resource personsare available almost is all the States. Our VIPNE Clubcan take the help of these resource persons in organizing

campaign comprising of jathas, performances,demonstrations and lectures on this subject.

1. CREATE FIRE BY MAGIC

MATERIAL REQUIRED :Dry pieces of paper, a metal

plate (20 cm diameter), potassium permanganate powder,glycerine

PREPARATION : 1.2. Arrange some pieces of paperon a metal plate.Put a piece of paper with some potassiumpermanganate powder in the centre.PERFORMANCE : 1.2. Acting as if you are pouring‘ghee’, put two or three drops of glycerine, over thepotassium permanganate powder.Glylcerine reacts withpotassium permanganate. First smoke comes out andthen the pieces of paper start buring with flame.EXPLANATION : Sufficient heat is evolved in thereaction between potassium permanganate and glycerine.This heat burns the paper pieces.PRECAUTIONS : 1.2.Use fine grains of potassiumpermanganate.Use glycerine in appropriate quantity (1-2 tea spoonfuls).

2. FUNERAL OF A GHOST

MATERIAL REQUIRED : One fresh but dry coconut,a very small piece of sodium, a matchbox, a glass of water.

PREPARATION : Prior to the demonstration, hide thesodium piece in a dry coconut inside the coirPERFORMANCE : 1.2. Then spray a few drops of wateron the coir side of coconut by chanting few mantras.Thenext very moment, as the sodium comes in contact withwater it starts burning and soon the whole coconut burnsas well.EXPLANATION : It is a simple reaction of sodium andwater which gives fire as a result.

PRECAUTIONS : 1.2.3.4.5.6. Take a very smallpiece of sodium (grain size).Keep the sodium away fromchildren.Place the sodium in between the coir just before

the demonstration.Sodium reacts with ether or spirit, sobe alert while handling sodium.Use fresh but drycoconut.Sodium pieces must be preserved in kerosenewhen not in actual use.

3. EVIL SPIRIT BLOOD FROM COCONUT

MATERIAL REQUIRED : A nail, a green tender coconut,few granules of potassium permanganate, a bowl, waxor gum.

PREPARATION : 1.2.3. Prior to the demonstration, takea tender coconut and make a small hole in it with the helpof the nail and take out the coconut water in abowl.Dissolve granules of potassium permanganate, inthe coconut water.Pour the coconut-water, carefully back in to the coconut and close the hole with wax or gum.PERFORMANCE : 1.2. Now chant a few mantras, servethe coconut in front of the image of God and create areligious environment.Break the coconut, the red water

flowing out of coconut will give the impression of blood.EXPLANATION : A simple trick using potassiumpermanganate.PRECAUTIONS : The hole in the coconut should besmall and plugged well. The coloured water should begently poured into the coconut taking care not to stain thegreen coconut.

4. BHABHUTI FROM COIN

MATERIAL REQUIRED : Mercuric chloride powderor solution in water, an aluminium coin

PREPARATION : Apply mercuric chloride powder onyour index finger and thumb or dip fingers in mercuricchloride solution.PERFORMANCE : 1.2.3.4. Call a volunteer and take aten or twenty paise coin from him.Rub your index fingerand thumb on both the sides of coin and cover the coinwith your hand.A grey substance looking like bhabhuti

starts forming on the coin.After some time you can showthis coin to the audience and tell them that with yourspiritual power you have generated bhabhuti.EXPLANATION : When mercuric chloride reacts withaluminium, heat is generated and aluminium oxide is

formed, which looks likebhabhuti.

PRECAUTIONS : 1.2.3. Mercuric chloride is poisonous.It should be kept safely and out of reach of children.Wash

201IInternational

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International Year of Chemistery 2011

your hands with soap after the performance.Usealuminium coins only.Mercuric chloride is a highlypoisonous chemical and can never be advised to be usedin such show.

5. HAND PRINTS OF GODDESS

MATERIAL REQUIRED : White cloth, turmeric powder,slaked lime and a glass of water.

PREPARATION : 1.2. White cloth is dyed yellow bydipping it in turmeric powder solution and dried.Slakedlime solution is substituted for water in a glass.

PERFORMANCE : 1.2.3.4.The performer selects aperson from the audience telling him that he is possessedby Goddess.He is asked to wash his hands with the water

provided (lime water).Ask him to put his hands on theyellow cloth.Red coloured impressions of hands appearon the cloth. Tell the audience that this is the hand printof the Goddess.EXPLANATION : Here turmeric powder is an acid baseindicator and slaked lime Ca(OH)

2is a base. The red

hand prints appear due to reaction of turmeric powderand slaked lime solution.PRECAUTIONS : 1.2. Use only diluted solution of slakedlime.Make the volunteer wash his hands after theperformance.

6. TATTOOING NAME ON YOUR BODY

MATERIAL REQUIRED : Ferric chloride solution andsodium ferrocyanide

PREPARATION : 1.2. Before performing the show writethe desired name on your hand or body using ferricchloride. Let it dry. The name will not be visible on theskin.PERFORMANCE : 1.2.3.4. Now perform the show.

Assure the audience that nothing is written on your handor body.Now apply the colourless solution of potassiumferrocycyanide on a piece of cloth and rub it with palm orfingers.Rub your fingers at the place where the name ormessage had been written.The pre-written message willappear on hand in green colour. You can claim that thismessage has been written by a supernatural power.EXPLANATION : The words or message written in ferricchloride solution are not visible due to its colour, but as

soon as it reacts with potassium ferrocyanide, the wordsappear in blue colour.PRECAUTIONS : Sodium ferrocyanide is poisonous, so

hands or body should be washed after the performance.

7. CHANGE THE COLOUR OF TURMERIC

MATERIAL REQUIRED : Turmeric powder, slaked limepowder.

PREPARATION : 1.2.3.4.5. Apply slaked lime on indexfinger.Put turmeric powder on your other palm and showto the devotees or volunteers.Chant the mantras and putyour index finger on turmeric powder and mix.Theturmeric powder would turn red.Show to the devotees

and they will be surprised.EXPLANATION : The reaction of yellow turmericpowder with slaked lime converts it to red. Here turmericpowder is an acid-base indicator and slaked lime Ca(OH)

2

is a base.PRECAUTIONS : Use only dilute solution of slaked lime.

8. LIGHT THE CANDLE BY MANTRA SHAKTI

MATERIAL REQUIRED : Chromic acid, methyl alcoholor ethyl alcohol, two candles, a table or stool.

PREPARATION : 1.2.3.4. Hold a candle No.1 in yourleft hand.Take half teaspoon chromic acid powder in yourright hand and spread it on the top of the candle.Fix upthis candle on top of the stool or table.Take candle No.2and dip the top of this in methyl alcohol. (or ethyl alcoholif methyl alcohol is not available)PERFORMANCE : 1.2.3.4. Take candle No.2 in your

right hand and to attract the audience chant mantras.Touchthe top of this candle with candle No.1 which is alreadyfixed on the stool.You will find that both the candles startburning.Tell the audience that this is because of yourmantra shakti.EXPLANATION : Reaction of chromic acid with methylalcohol/ethyl alcohol generates fire.PRECAUTIONS : 1.2.3. Do not touch chromic acid withyour fingers, if you do, there are chances that if yousubsequently touch ethyel alcohol, you may burn yourfingers.Keep all alcohol in airtight bottles, otherwise itwill evaporate.Wash hands with soap after the

performance.9. COOKING RICE IN COLD WATER

MATERIAL REQUIRED : One fistful rice, pressure

201IInternational

Year of Chemistry




va rjjk"Vª h; jlk;u foKku o"kZ 2011cooker, one fistful calcium oxide (lime), one glass of water.

PREPARATION : Prior to the demonstration, soak the

rice for 25-30 minutes.PERFORMANCE : 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.Take the pressurecooker and show the audience that it is empty.Put therice in the cooker.Add one glass of water.Add calciumoxide (lime) to it taking care that the audience does notnotice.Shake the contents well and close the cooker covertight.Keep as it is for 5-6 minutes.Open the cover andfind that the rice has been cooked without fuel and fire.EXPLANATION : This trick is based on a simple chemicalreaction. When calcium oxide comes in contact withwater it reacts and produces heat and carbondioxide. Thisheat cooks the rice.PRECAUTIONS : 1.2. The rice cooked in this way isnot edible.Calcium oxide and other materials should beused in appropriate quantity.

10. SETTING FIRE TO THE HANDKERCHIEFWITHOUT BURNING IT

MATERIAL REQUIRED : A handkerchief, Isopropylalcohol, match box, carbon disulphide (CS

2), carbon

tetrachloride (CCI4) solution

PREPARATION : 1.2. Take the abovementionedchemicals in equal ratio (1:1).Gently dip the handkerchief in the mixture.PERFORMANCE : 1.2.3. Light the soaked handkerchief immediately after taking out from the solution.When thesolution wetting the handkerchief has burnt or evaporated,immediately extinguish the fire.The handkerchief doesnot get burnt.EXPLANATION : The trick is based on ignitiontemperature. When the hanky is wet with 1:1 mixture of above and held over a flame, the alcohol burns whereignition point is far less than cotton, when all the alcoholis burnt, the water remains with the hanky to keep itunburnt. Chemical reaction. When we light thehandkerchief, the chemicals start burning, not thehandkerchief.PRECAUTIONS : 1.2.3.Take both the chemicals in equalquantity.Demonstrator should be alert. He shouldextinguish the fire as soon as he notices that the solution

has evaporated.Both the chemicals are poisonous. Toavoid danger use them carefully.

11. GHOST APPEARING ON THE GLASS SHEET

MATERIAL REQUIRED : White cloth (1m), a glasspiece, flower or betel leaf, turmeric, lemon, chilly, akshat,potassium sulphocya-nide (2ml), ferric chloride (1 litre).PREPARATION : 1.2.3.4. Spread a white cloth on thesurface.Draw outline picture of an evil spirit on the glass

with potassium sulpho-cyanide, let it dry.Place the glasson the centre of the cloth.Spread akshat, turmeric, etc.,on the glass. Draw religious signs and symbols on theglass.PERFORMANCE : 1.2. Chanting the mantras, calling

the evil spirit, throw wine coloured ferric-chloride solutionon the picture of evil spirit. To spread the solution on thedrawing use a flower or betel leaf.The picture will bevisible due to the chemical reaction of potassiumsulphocyanide and ferric chloride.EXPLANATION : Prior to the demonstration the pictureof evil spirit is drawn with the help of potassium sulpho-cyanide.PRECAUTIONS : 1.2. The chemicals used are harmful.Use them carefully and wash your hand after theperformance.Keep the chemicals out of reach of children.

12. EAT CHILLIES WITH EASEMATERIAL REQUIRED : Olive oil or gurmar leaves(an ayurvedic herb) and chillies.

PREPARATION : 1. Gargle with olive oil or chew a fewleaves of gurmar before the trick is performed.

PERFORMANCE : 1. Eat chillies. You will not feel anyburning taste.EXPLANATION : Unless the food is dissolved in saliva,experienced by taste receptors and registered by the brain,one cannot tell the taste. Illusion of taste is not createdsince olive oil coats the tongue and mouth. Similarlygurmar leaves make the receptors inactive and the tasteof chillies is dulled.PRECAUTIONS : 1.2. Eat the gurmar leaves only fewmoments prior to the performance.Practice well beforethe performance.

13. FIRE IN THE WATERMATERIAL REQUIRED : A bucket filled ¾ with water,3-4 sodium crystals, ether ½ cup, worship material, scented

201IInternational

Year of Chemistry





stick, dhoop, agarbatti.

PREPARATION : 1.2.3.4.5.6.7. Per form yagna andhavan while chanting mantras.Light scented sticks anddhoop.Take a bucket filled ¾ with water.Pour ½ cup of ether on the surface of the water.Hide 3-4 crystals of sodium in a handkerchief or betel leaf and chantmantras.Gently while chanting mantras, divert theattention of the audience and put the sodium crystals intothe bucket.As soon as sodium comes in contact with etherred fire flames come out of water.EXPLANATION : Ether is lighter than water and so itfloats on water, when we drop sodium crystal into water,fire is generated and ether starts buring. The flame isobserved due to reaction of sodium with water. Sodiumis vigorously oxidized by water, high heat produces fire.PRECAUTIONS : 1.2.3.4. Chemicals should be used inappropriate proportion and quantity.Chemicals should bekept away from the reach of children.Use metal bucketfor the experiment.Wash your hands after the trick.

14. CREATE BLUE LETTERS ON PAPER

MATERIAL REQUIRED : A plain piece of paper(preferably coloured yellow or pink, but never blue, ferric

chloride solution, potassium ferrocyanide, brush or stick,a matchbox.

PREPARATION : 1.2.3.4. Take a piece of paper.Dipthe brush into potassium ferrocyanide and write somewords on paper and let it dry.Then dip your finger in theferric chloride solution and touch the paper gently andrub the finger on the words.You will suddenly find theprinted words are visible to the audience as bright blue.EXPLANATION : This trick is a simple chemicalreaction of ferric chloride and potassium ferrocyanideresulting blue complex productK

4Fe(CN)

6+Fecl

3’!4Kcl+Fe+2+[Fe(CN)

6]-3

PRECAUTIONS : 1.2.3. The chemicals should be keptout of reach of children.These chemicals are poisonous

and sometimes can prove to be very dangerous, so afterusing the solution you should wash your hand carefully.Donot use blue paper.

15. CUT THE BODY AND HEAL IT IMMEDIATELY

MATERIAL REQUIRED : Ferric chloride (FeCl3),

potassium Pot. thiocyanate, a knife, a small piece of cotton, a volunteer.

PREPARATION : 1.2. Apply the solution of Pot.

thiocyanate on any part of the body and let it dry.Keepready a knife which has been dipped in ferric chloridesolution.PERFORMANCE : 1.2. Act as if you have cut the body

part with this knife. After only a slight touch of a sharpknife you will see that thick ‘blood’ starts flowing fromthe cut.You know, why and how it happened. Cut is asimple chemical reaction. But the innocent viewer believesthis is due to the power of the saint and worships him asthe supreme power.EXPLANATION : The solution of ferric chloride andpotassium sulphocyanide react with each other and thisresults in the formation of blood-red ferric thiocyanide.This ferric-thio-cyanide which looks like blood to theviewers. Fecl

3+ 3NaCNS = Fe SCN + 3Nacl K

(Red)(Ferric chloride) + (Potassium sulphocyanide)=Ferric thiocyanide + Potassium chloride (Red)PRECAUTIONS :1.2.3.4. Chemicals should be keptaway from the reach of children.The volunteer should beself-confident.The chemical should not be applied on anycut or wound which may be present on the body.The partof the body where the solution are applied should bewashed immediately after the trick.

16. CREATING FIRE BY SPITTING

MATERIAL REQUIRED : Dry straw, small sized sodiumpiece (2 mm X 2 mm X 2 mm)

PREPARATION : 1. Hiding the small piece of Na should

be done very carefully and smartly under dry straw. Hide

a very small piece of sodium (2 mm X 2 mm X 2 mm) inthe straw at a known place.PERFORMANCE : 1.2. Putting water should immediatelyfollow; otherwise the straw may catch fire without water.The performer either spits or washes his hands with alittle water at that very place.The flame will come out

201IInternational

Year of Chemistry




va rjjk"Vª h; jlk;u foKku o"kZ 2011from dry straw.EXPLANATION : The flame is observed due to reactionof sodium with water. Sodium is vigorously oxidized bywater, high heat produces fire.PRECAUTIONS : 1.2.3. The sodium piece should besmall in size (2 mm X 2 mm X 2 mm), otherwise it mayburst.Do not touch the sodium piece and preserve it inkerosene oil.The straw should be dry.

17. READ LETTER WITHOUT OPENING

CLOSED ENVELOPE

MATERIAL REQUIRED : A piece of paper, a pen,an envelope, paste ether solution, a piece of cloth orcotton.

PERMORMANCE : 1. Prior to the demonstration lightfire, dhoop, agarbatti and perform hawan.2. Take a sheet of plain paper and pen, and ask a volunteerto write any question or sentence on it.3. Put the paper in the envelope. Keep it flat withoutfolding it. Show the envelope to the audience and close itcarefully.4. Then chant a few mantras pleasing the Goddess.

Saraswati.5. Take a cotton piece dipped in ether solution. Gentlyrub this cotton on the envelop without opening the seal.The written matter will be visible and you can read thematter easily.EXPLANATION : It is a simple reaction involving ethersolution. When it is applied to the envelope, the paperbecomes transparent and the written matter is easily read.PRECAUTIONS :1. Keep the paper in the envelopewithout folding it.2. Rub the cotton wet with ether till the matter inside theenvelope is visible.

18. BHIBHUTI FROM TABIZ (AMULET)MATERIAL REQUIRED : Sealed aluminium amulet,mercuric chloride and alum or salt.

PREPARATION :1.2.3. Tie thread to the amulet so that

it may be tied on the volunteer’s arm.Take 2-3 crystalsof mercuric chloride and mix with similar quantity of alum

or salt.Apply the mercuric chloride and alum powder onone side of the amulet through your middle finger in sucha way that no one notice it.PERFORMANCE :1.2.3. Press the amulet tightly on thearm of the volunteer and tie it with thread.The side which

had been rubbed with chemicals should touch the body.Thevolunteer would feel the amulet growing hot and bhabhutimark is seen on the arm. The size is of the size of theamulet.EXPLANATION : The trick is based on sleight of hand.The reaction of mercuric chloride with alum generatesthe heat.PRECAUTIONS : 1.2.3. Mercuric chloride is one of thestrongest poison known. Better to avoid this presentation.It must be kept out of reach of children.Wash your handswith soap after the performance.Use aluminium amuletonly.

19. OPERATING WITHOUT LEAVING ANYIMPRESSION OF STITCHES

MATERIAL REQUIRED : Ferric chloride, sodiumsulphocyanide, leaf, surgical cotton, table, stones etc.

PERFORMANCE : 1. Call a volunteer and ask him to

lie down on the table. 2. Remove his shirt.3. Stand keeping with your back to the audience to performsurgery.4. Use ferric chloride solution as a cleaning agent.5. Take sodium sulphocyanide solution on a leaf and useit as operating instrument.6 . A line of blood will appear on the volunteer’s body.7. Now take some more sodium sulphocyanide in a padof surgical cotton and apply to the wound.8. Put fingers on stomach pressing in such a way that itlooks pierced.

9. Take out stones, etc., already hidden in surgical cottonand show it to the audience.10 . Now with the help of surgical cotton cleanthe so -called blood.11 . Show the audience that stitches have healed and theperson is cured.EXPLANATION : The trick is based on sleight of handas well as on chemical reaction. Read colour is obtaineddue to reaction of ferric chloride and sodiumsulphocyanide.PRECAUITONS : 1. Chemicals should be kept out of reach of the children.

2.The chemicals are poisonous and sometimes verydangerous, so after using the solution you should washyour hands.

201IInternational

Year of Chemistry




International Year of Biodiversity 2010

3. Do not apply the solution to cuts or wounds which maybe present on the body of the volunteer.

20. CHANGE THE COLOUR OF WATER

MATERIAL REQUIRED : A glass of water, two steelglasses, thumb cap, 2-3 granules of potassium

permanganate.

PREPARATION : 1. Wear the thumb cap and hide 2-3

granules of potassium permanganate in it.

PERFORMANCE : 1.2.3.4. Hold a steel glass and half fill it with water.Take another glass and transfer the waterfrom steel glass to the other glass. Repeat this processtwo to three times, just to impress the audience.Whiletransferring the water from the steel glass to the otherglass, gently and carefully put the granules of potassiumpermanganate in steel glass.The water will becomecoloured. Now keep chanting mantras and calling sidhhashakti pour it in the other glass.EXPLANATION : Potassium permanganate is soluablein water and appears like blood when dissolved in water.PRECAUTIONS : 1.2. To hide the thumb cap you should

be careful in holding the steel glass and practice the styleof pouring the water.While chanting mantras the volunteershould be quite stylish and full of expression.

21. PUT TILAK WITHOUT VERMILION

MATERIAL REQUIRED : Ferric chloride, sodiumsulphocyanide.

PREPARATION : 1. Apply ferric chloride on yourthumb before the performance of the trick.PERFORMANCE : 1. Keep sodium sulphocyanide ina glass and tell the audience that this is water to be usedfor tilk.2.Dip your thumb in water (sodium sulphocyanidesolution).3. Put thumb impression quickly on the forehead of thedevotes.4. It will appear as a red mark.

EXPLANATION : The red mark appears as a result of reaction of ferric chloride and sodium sulphocyanide.PRECAUTION : Sodium sulphocyanide is a poisonous

chemical, so wash your hands after use and keep it outof reach of the children.

22. PRODUCING BLOOD FROM LEMON

MATERIAL REQUIRED : A knife, a lemon, a syringe,

ferric chloride, sodium sulphocyanide, handkerchief.

PREPARATION : 1.2. Inject one syringeful of ferricchloride into the lemon prior to the demonstration.Applysodium sulphocyanide on the knife with the help of thehandkerchief.

PERFORMANCE : 1.2. Show the lemon and knife tothe audience.Cut the lemon gently with the help of theknife. You will find a thick blood red solution coming outof the lemon.EXPLANATION : It is the simple chemical reactionbetween ferric chloride and sodium sulphocyanide, whichgives the red colour, that gives the effect of thick blood.PRECAUTIONS : 1.2.3. Make sure that each segmentof the lemon is injected with ferric chloride.Chemicalsshould be kept away from the reach of children.Washhands with soap after the performance.

23. BHABHUTI WRITING

MATERIAL REQUIRED : Bhabhuti, soap, plain paperPREPARATION :. Prior to the demonstrations writenumbers from 1 to 9 on a few pieces of plain paper withsoap.PERFORMANCE : 1.2.3.4. Call a volunteer from theaudience and tell him to ask for any number from 01 to09 according to his wish.Then chant mantras, light dhoopto win the faith of the audience.Gradually, take thebhabhuti from the yajna kund and rub it on that paperwhich has the same number asked by the audience.Youwill find that the number will be visible on the paper.

EXPLANATION : The number written with the soapare not visible to the audience but when the paper is rubbedwith bhabhuti, the number becomes visible.PRECAUTIONS : 1.2.Write the number forcibly with

soap prior to the demonstration.The demonstrator shouldbe careful in picking only the paper bearing the numberthat has been indicated by the volunteer.

201IInternational

Year of Chemistry





Virtual Philately -A New Tool for

Science PopulationList of possible Themes for

Virtual Philately1. Animals-wild, pet, rare or endangered

animals, Dinosaurs etc.2. Cats, Dogs, Elephants, Camels, Lions etc.3. Fishes, Whales, Equestrian etc.4. Aircraft, Bicycles, Ships, Motorcars,

Motorcycles, Railroads etc.5. Science-scientists etc.6. Inventors and Discoverers etc.7. Chemistry and Physics, Physicists etc.8. Mathematicians and Astronomers etc.

9. Birds. Peacocks etc.10. Space, Astronauts etc.11. Medical Science, Diseases etc.12. Tourist spots of the world, Heritage Sites

etc.13. Olympic Games, Common Wealth Games,

Asian Games14. Mountains, Rivers, Glaciers, Lakes,

Waterfalls, Oceans, Seas etc.15. Music, Musical Instruments, Musicians etc.

Virtual philately is new, exciting and low cost method of

pursuing world’s most popular and educative hobby of

postage stamps collection.

As a modern method of stamps collection, in place of

real postage stamps in physical form, stamps images arecopied and pasted which are freely available in numerous

philatelic web sits free of cost. Using these images onecan develop stamp collection and arrange it in sheets to

display just like in actual philately. One can also participate

in virtual philatelic exhibitions.

There is unlimited fun of virtual philately open toeveryone- students, teachers, and parents who have basic

working knowledge of computer and have availability of

PC or laptop at home or in school with internet connectionalong with a genuine interest in learning and pursuing this

hobby

Thus virtual philately–

1. Provides instant access to stamps of choice from anycountry of the world with just one click of the mouse.

2. Diversifies ones interest economically and with easebecause it provides infinite choice of themes and topics

of stamps collection.

3. Saves money and time in finding and purchasing stamps

from market

4. Minimizes lots of care required to handle actual stamps

5. One has access to get images of even rarest and most

expensive postage stamp of the world

6. Minimizes the problem of storage of actual stamps

7. One can view and show the collection at any time and

to any one with the help of a CD.

8. Gives freedom to edit and improvement and to update

the collection from time to time.

9. Provides excellent learning opportunity and educationalvalue by accurate identification and knowledge aboutstamps collecting

10. Helps in learning scientific skill of classification andarrangement.

11. Provides valuable resource of learning about the worldaround with lots of pleasure and fun

12. Provides opportunities to be part of worldwide

community of virtual philatelist and interaction with them.

13. Provides opportunities to participate in International

virtual philatelic exhibitions (Exponet) and also in inter

school philatelic Exhibitions such as SCHOOLPEX atJaipur.

14. To present ones virtual collection as a Project in the

school because philately is now recognized and promoted

by CBSEHow to prepare a virtual stamps album

If one now decides to pursue virtual philately and ready

for it then sit down at internet connected computer alongwith a writing note book, pen and the above sheet of

guide lines and follow the following steps-

• First write down the topic of interest on which one likes

to collect stamps (one can select topics from the list in

sheet also)

•Now switch on the computer and connect Internet. Open

any search engine e.g.google and type “topical Philately

“or any other link related to philately and search.•Browse pages of that site and copy the images of desired

stamps and save in a new picture folder and give the

name of the theme to the folder. (One can also openother links if there is any, in the opened site)

• Also copy or note down brief description about eachstamp, if given there below the images or note down from

other sites.

• Save about 120-140 images of stamps on the theme

from various links.

• Now once more use the pen and paper and write a

brief introduction (20-25lines only) about the theme onwhich virtual collection of stamps is being prepared.

• Always use white background of A-4 size sheet

Virtual Philately -A New Tool for

Science Population

201IInternational

Year of Chemistry





Some of the sites for Indian stamps are:-www.merabharath.com/images/IndianStamps.gif

www.indianstampghar.comwww.indiapicks.com

www.stampsofindia.com

vertically to prepare a Virtual Collection.

• Now prepare the ‘Plan or Introduction’ page. Write

down the title of the theme with black colour only in font

size16, write brief introduction of the theme for which

20-25 lines were noted. Do not use any other colour

other than black. This will be called page no 1.

• In the ‘Plan or Introduction’ page after the brief introduction in the space left make a table with the help

of ms word. Enter the details of page wise subtitles and

number of images shown on each page and brief

description of subtitles.

• Prepare a 3x3 nine squares or rectangles table from the

ms word on each A-4 size vertical sheet leaving some

margins on each side. Hide the table later.

• Prepare different sheets for different subtitles, but not

more than 16 for one frame. Write subtitles and all other

descriptions in black colour only• Now open the thematic folder of saved images, seetheir thumbnail view and thought fully copy/paste stamps

in the squares or rectangles prepared in different sheets

according to their sub titles.

• In each square or rectangle below the stamp imagewrite down the brief description, which was noted earlier

in black colour only. Letter size for description should be

font size 12 and for subtitles font size14.

•Remember in one album page generally do not put more

than 8-10 stamps images, otherwise sheet would be over

crowded. Do not put images of actual size of originalstamps; otherwise it will be called forgery.

• If possible copy one or two images of First Day Covers

and Miniature Sheets, related to the theme and paste them

also in appropriate sheets. This will add up the philatelic

value of the collection.

• Put the sequence number of the other sheets.

•Write name, class and school, in right bottom corner of the ‘Plan or Introduction’ page.

• Finally review each page carefully and make necessarycorrections, if any.

• Save the collection. Prepare two CDs one forsubmission to the exhibition authorities and one for future

reference as a ‘Master copy’.

One can also prepare a Power Point Presentation

of the collection in the same manner (without using

any weird effect)

Yogesh Bhatnagar- St. Xavier’s Sr. Sec. School,

Jaipur 9414406609 (m)

The 63rd UN General Assembly in December

2008 approved the year 2011 to be the

International Year of Chemistry (IYC). The maintheme of IYC 2011 is "Chemistry - Our Life, Our

Future" focused on the achievements of

chemistry and its contribution to well-functioning

human society.A number of countries have

released postal Stamp to commemorate the 2011

as IYC Years. A few of stamp are given below

alongwith some comments.

(1)- Slovakia released a stamp commemorating

the International Year of

Chemistry. The Slovak chemical

society at the Slovak academy of

science released the stamp The basis of the

stamp design is made up of two importantchemical compounds, water and carbon dioxide,

depicted according to the calotte model, which

interact in photosynthesis.

(2)- Israel released a stamp on year of chemistry

in Jan.2011.The image on the stamp, which is

adopted from a paper published by

Ada Yonath and her coworkers in 2001

in Nature magazine, shows a viewinto the tunnel of the large ribosomal

subunit from which the newly

constructed chain of amino acids exits. This hugestructure shows the ribosomal proteins (shown

in orange), the ribosomal RNA (blue and pink)

together with the antibiotic erythromycin (red)

(3)- Bern, Switzerland (GenevaLunch) - New

Swiss commemorative stamps as part of the UN

Year of Chemistry, which is focus-

ing on vitamin C. The stamp’s motif

is the vitamin C molecule. It was in1933 at the Federal Institute of Tech-

nology (ETH) in Zurich that Tadeus Reichstein

first succeeded in synthesizing the vitamin.

(4)- Technion Prof. Ehud Keinan, President of the

Israel Chemical Society, had the vision to cel-

ebrate the international year of chem-

istry in a manner suited to the world-

class position of Israel’s three Nobel

Laureates in science. With determi-

nation and application, he engineeredthe release of official stamps celebrating the Year

of Chemistry, and Israel’s Nobel Laureates

(5)- Ahmed Zewail on Egypt stamp (1998)

An Egyptian scientist Ahmed Zewail has won the

Itionalof istry





Vigyan Prasar

And

DECU/ISRO

Jointly Presents

New Science Video Serial

'Our Celestial Neighbour & Far and Near'

From 10th May, 2011 on

Every Tuesday on DD National at

09.30-10.00 am.

The 12 Episode series would provide aholistic view of Our Solar System anduniverse.

The postal stamp released by diffrent

countries to commemorate IYC 2011

CustomizedIYC Stamp

France IYCstamp-

Jan 27, 2011

Belgium IYC-Jan 17, 2011

IYC Stamp fromSpain-Feb. 7, 2011

IYC stamp-from

Indonesia-March 1,

2011

Bosnia andHerzegovinaCurie stamp

(2011) March 8

Sri Lanka IYCstamp-Jan. 30 2011

IYC stamp fromIndonesia-March 1, 2011

Macedonia chemistrystamp- April 13

Vigyan PrasarA-50, Institutional Area, Sector 62,Noida (U.P.) 201307Regd.Office : Technology Bhawan,New Delhi -110 016Phone : 0120 240 4430, 240 4435Fax : 0120 240 4437Email : [email protected],

[email protected] : http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in

If you want to know more about Vigyan Prasar, its publications & software, besides the next moves of VIPNET Science Clubs, please write to us at the address given below:-

foKku iz lkj ,oa

Ms dw ¼bljks½ }kjk la ;q Dr :i ls fufeZ r

u;k Vs yhfotu /kkjkokfgd

ßgekjs [kxks fy; iM+ kS lh&fdrus nw j fdrus iklÞ

10 ebZ] 2011 ls nw jn'kZ u ds jk"Vªh; pS uy ij iz R;s d ea xyokj iz kr% 09-30 ls 10-00 cts iz lkfjr gks jgk gSA

;g /kkjkokfgd lkS jea My ,oa cz ãkM ds ckjs es a izHkkoh :i ls tkudkjh e; gksxkA

Prize in 1999 (probably he was nominated in

1998). Ahmed was declared the winner of Nobel

Prize in Chemistry 1999. He wasawarded the Nobel ”for his studies of

the transition states of chemical

reactions using femtosecond

spectroscopy”. Zewail is a Professor of

Physics & Chemistry at California Institute of

Technology, Pasadena.

(6)- Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood OM FRS

(June 19, 1897–October 9,1967) was an English

physical chemist.Professor of Chemistry at

the University of Oxford from 1937. He served on

several Advisory Councils on scientific matters

to the British Government. He was elected Fellow

of the Royal Society in 1929, serving as Presidentfrom 1955 to 1960. He was knighted in 1948 and

appointed to the Order of Merit in 1960.

With Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov of

the USSR, Hinshelwood was jointly

awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

in 1956 for his researches into the mechanism

of chemical reactions.

The nice thing about chemistry is the way they

named each of the elements after a famousletter.

Anonymous

Chemistry creates its objects, and this creative

faculty is similar to that of art itself, (and)essentially distinguishes it from the natural andhistorical sciences.

Marcelin Berthelot

201IInternational

Year of Chemistry




Last date of receiving correct entries: 31 July, 2011.

Winners will get activity kit/ books as a prize. Please

send your entries to:-Chemicals Element Puzzle-14, VIPNET News,

Vigyan Prasar, A-50, Sector 62, Noida-201 307

Identify TheChemicalsElement Puzzle 14

State Animal of India Puzzle- 10

R. K. [email protected]

Name of the winners:

1- Vikash Kumar (Dharbhanga)

2- Shiv Kumar (Dharbhanga)

3- Vikash Kumar (Chapra)

fp=k igsyh& 60 fp=k igsyh& 60 fp=k igsyh& 60 fp=k igsyh& 60 fp=k igsyh& 60 / Photo Quiz - 60


fp=k es a fn;s x, ,d v.kq q dh la jpuk ds ekW My dks igpkfu,\ ;g ,d foyk;d

gS tks iz ;ksx'kkykvksa rFkk vkS "kf/k; m|ksxks a es a cgqrk;r ls mi;ks x fd;k tkrk gS\

Identify the Structural model of a Molecule given in the picture?

It is a solvent used in Laboratories and Pharmaceutical

Industires.

mÙkj iz kIr djus dh va fre frfFk% 31 tq ykbZ 2011 Mª kW }kjk p;fur fots rkvks a dks iq jLdkj Lo:i foKku iz lkj ds iz dk'ku Hks ts tk,¡ xsA vius tokc bl irs ij Hks ts a%&

foius V fp=k igs yh & 60] foKku izlkj] ,&50] ls DVj 62] uks ,Mk VIPNET Photo Quiz , 60, VIGYAN, PRASAR, A-50,Sec. 62, Noida

This year the photo quiz will be based on chemistry as part of IYC 2011

The puzzle has been Designed as part of International Year of Chemistry-2011

1. The second least dense metal after Lithium.2. A low density metal whose alloys are vital to

the aerospace industry.3. Eighth most common element in the universe

by mass, but rare as free element in nature.4. A pale yellow nonmetal occurring widely in

nature and is used in rubber vulcanization.5. A gaseous halogen, used widely to purify water,

as a disinfectant and bleaching agent.6. A highly reactive, poisonous, nonmetallic

element occurring naturally in phosphates.7. A noble gas which is the third most common

gas in Earth atmosphere.

8. A silvery-white, lustrous, malleable, ductile,magnetic or magnetizable, metallic elementoccurring abundantly in combined forms,notably in hematite, limonite, magnetite, andtaconite, and used alloyed in a wide range ofimportant structural materials.

9. A highly reactive metal with the Symbol ‘Na’10. A soft gray alkaline earth metal, with atomic

number 20

Clue

Corrigendum / Hkw y&lq/kkj

fp=k es a fn;s x, ,d v.kq q dh lajpuk ds ekW My dks igpkfu,\ ;g igyk ,s lk

dkcZfud v.kq gS ftldk fuekZ .k vdkcZfud rRoksa ls fd;k x;k FkkAIdentify the Structural model of a Molecule given in the picture ?This is the first organic molecule synthesized from inorganic salts.

Correct Answer of Photo Quiz 55

The plant shown in picture is IndianAlove (Alovera). In Hindi it is knownas Ghekunvar, Ghrit Kumari. It isa common medicinal plant withsucculent leaves. The plant isfound through out the country.

Name of The Winners :- 1- Deepak Kholi

(Lucknow), 2- Gangadutt (Chamoli), 3- Santosh

Kumar (Amarwati),4- Kumari Anusha Neha

(Chattisgarh)

Oxygen

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

fp=k igsyh 59 es a Hkwyo'k xyr fp=k iz dkf'kr gks x;k] bl dkj.k] fp=k igs yh 59 dk iqu% izdk'ku dj jgs gSaA bl fp=k igsyh ds mRrj izkfIr dh va fre frfFk 31 tq ykbZ] 2011 gSA

We are sorry for publishing wrongpicture in Photo Quiz 59. Once againwe are publishing the photo quizno.59 with correct picture. The lastdate for receiving answer of this PhotoQuiz will be July 31, 2011

201IInternational

Year of Chemistry



Published and Printed by Mrs. K. Dasgupta Misra on behalf of

Vigyan Prasar, C-24, Qutab Institutional Area, New Delhi-110 016

Printed at Delhi Sales Corporation, D-39, Sector - 2,

Bawana Industrial Area, Bawana, Delhi - 110039

Editor : B. K. Tyagi

Associate Editor : Navneet Kumar Gupta

Contributors : Ravindra KumarYadav

Layout & design : Ajeej Ahmed (Azad)


Club speakClub speak

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National Science Day

Sir C.V. Raman Science Club organized National Science

Day celebration, 2011 at AB Municipal High School

Proddature on 28-02-2011 at 10.00 AM.

In his inaugural speech the president explained that

Science is nothing but curiosity of surrounding and look

into everything with innovative mode.

Dr. J. Swaroop Krishna, the chief guest of the function,while speaking urged all the students who are pursuing

education throughout the nation should have will power,

efficiency and merit to become the future Scientists. Every

individual must have positive attitude towards science in

the development of our nation.

A dance performance based on theme 'Environment'

was also given by the club members.

Arbor Day Celebration

Skylight Higher Secondary School, Pampore, Kashmircollaboration with the Social Forestry Department

Pulwama, organized a function to celebrate the World

Arbor Day in which the Deputy Commissioner Pulwama,

Mr. Shafat Noor was the chief guest and the

Superintendent of Police Awantipora was the Guest of

Honour on 21 March, 2011 .

Skyl ight ' s

E c o - C l u b

members also

p r e s e n t e d

colorful culturalp r o g r a m m e s

highlighting the

importance of

trees in our

lives. Guests also planted various species of trees in the

school campus.

The students of Skylight Higher Secondary School,

Pampore also took out a mass awareness rally and also

planted trees at Tehsil Office Pampore, in the public park

near Sub-District Hospital, Pampore and on the local

graveyard.

fp=kka du % ekulh esokM+ h

xk sy w dh lk spHow you can

comparemy shining

Diamond withblack coal

Beacuseboth arecarbon

201IInternational

Year of Chemistry

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