PC TROUBLE SHOOTING

There are two types of trouble shooting:-a. Hardware

(1) Monitor. There are two types of monitor:-(a) New type of monitors (VGA and SVGA). 15 pins connecter.(b) Old type of monitors (CGA, EGA and Monochrome). 9 pins

connecter.Diagnose with Graphics.* Monochrome - No Graphics* CGA - Low Graphics* EGA - Better Graphics* VGA - High Graphics* SVGA - High GraphicsMonitor Quality Graphics

* Monochrome - No Graphics* CGA - Low Graphics* EGA - Better Graphics* VGA - High Graphics* SVGA - High Graphics

Pixel . Dot pitch quality is called pixel. Control Buttons

Contras Brightness Horizontally size adjust Vertically size adjust

Components of Monitor o Power Supplyo CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)o Fly Back (Fixed on motherboard)o Mother boardo Data Cable

Tools o Millimetero Master set (Screw driver all type)o Solder kit

Problems Data Cable Connector Transister

ICs Resistance Capacitor

Function of 9 Pins in EGA and CGAGround - 1 pinHorizontal - 1 pinVertical - 1 pinColours - 6 pins

PC Damages activities.Surge. Due to non-proper shutdown the PCSpike. Voltage. Due to voltage increase/decreaseESD (Electronics Static Discharge)

Keyboard. Keyboard consists of following keys. Keyboard having 101 keys is called standard keyboard and other are called Advanced keyboard:-

a. Numeric keypadb. Navigation keypadc. Alpha batik/Numeric keypadd. Functional keys

Keyboards are of two types:-

a. PS/2. This standard type of keyboard commonly found in latest PCs and branded as well. It has six types of connections two pins at the bottom, two pins at left side and two pins opposite to that. This type of keyboard is very sensitive and sophisticated.

b. DIN. Such type of keyboards are found in non-branded PCs. They are larger then PS/2 and having five pins half bottom of the connector this shape is like half moon.

Problems:-a. Cable problemb. Connector problemc. Sticky keysd. ICs problem

Mouse. Mice are of two type:-a. Serial. Such types of mouse are common with non-branded type of PCs

but branded PCs are also use this type of mouse more reliable than PS/2 but they use PC resources a lot. They uses COM port commonly COM1 which has nine connections with the combination of 4 and 5 connections.

b. PS/2. This type of mouse is an IBM standard found in branded and new types of PCs. This port is sensitive and sophisticated but very low resources used.

c. In far Redd. Touche. Pointing MouseProblems:-a. Cable problemb. Connector problemc. Sensor problemd. ICs probleme. Mechanical problem

Motherboard. Motherboard has following main components:-a. Processorb. DMAc. RAMd. Connectors/Jumpere. BIOSf. Busses/Slotsg. Cache

Printer. There are following types of printer:-a. Dot Matrix (Low quality). Following components are used in dot matrix:-

(1) Control Panel. Control panel is consists of following:- Font Printer setting . These setting can be made through Room

BIOS:- Margin setting Jumper setting Page layout

(2) Cartridge. Ribbon is used as cartridge. There are two types of ribbon:-(a) 9 pins used for small printer(b) 24 pins used for large printer

(3) Paper Control(4) Mechanical Setup(5) Cables

Power Cable Printer Cable (25 pins male connecter)

b. Desk Jet/Bobble jet (Better quality)c. Laser Printer (Best quality)d. Plotter (Low/Best quality)

Problemsa. Line Jumpb. Language settingc. Direction of printingd. Print quality

Firmware The Software prepared by the manufacturer Company is known firmware, firmware are commonly known as BIOS, CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxidental system ). The storage media for BIOS is of two-type volatile non-volatile, Volatile type of media required a supported battery (Voltage) to hold data where non-volatile doesn’t required voltage to hold data. But all type of BIOS are controlled electronically Each component of PCs must have related type of BIOS.

Types of BIOS:

I ROM (Read Only Memory)II PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)III EPROM (Erase able Programmable Read Only Memory)IV EEPROM (Electronically Programmable Read Only Memory)

(1) Type of ICs( PCs)a. Processor. Microprocessor is a central type of IC which behave like

a brain with the help of input/output devices but the whole process of PC is done by the processor.

b. BIOSc. VGAd. Sounde. Cachef. DMAg. NPUh. Keyboardj. Mousek. Boot ROM

(2) Understanding CMOS/BIOS and their types(3) Types of beeps

b. Hardware(1) Understanding Electronic Board (2) CPU, NPU, Over Drive & DMA (3) Memory and their types(4) Busses and their types(5) Display ant their types(6) Storage Systems Concepts(7) Mother Board and their types(8) I/O Cards(9) Integrated and Non Integrated System(10) Mother Board Speed(11) Older PC vc Newer System

(12) Communications Devices(13) Mother Board and its Jumper Setting (14) PC Conflicts (15) Understanding IOs address and IRQs. (16) Branded Vs Non Branded(17) Network Devices(18) HDD, Process & their Types(19) FDD, Process & their Types(20) CD ROM & CD Writer, Process & Their Types(21) Tape Drive, Process & Their Types(22) Zip and Optical Drives, Process & Their Types(23) Cabels (24) Key Board & Mice(25) Printing Process(26) Printer Types, & their Process(27) Laptops(28) Scanners(29) Multimedia Devices(30) Basic Electronic Components (Resistance, Capacitor & Transistor) (31) Electro Static Discharge (ESD)(32) Network Topology (33) Super, Main Frame & Mini Systems

c. Software(1) Installation Procedure of Software(2) Advance Technique of Installation (3) Operating System (DOS & Windows)(4) Checkit(5) Norton(6) First Aid(7) Nuts and Bolts (8) Drivers(9) Under Standing standard Errors Types(10) Getting Acquaint about Virus and Anti Virus (11) Backing up your System(12) Network installation (13) FAT (16 & 32 Bits)(14) VFAT, NTFS & UNIX file system

Getting Aware with the tools

Getting Aware with Tools. Regarding PC Diagnostics and trouble shooting we deal with following three types of problems:-

Tools for Firmware/Hardware. The firmware are the software totally designed by the company and all those software are fed into different types of Integrated Circuits (ICs) i.e BIOS/CMOS. Hardware are different types of PC components including mother board and extension cards (daughter board), storage system (CD ROM, Floppy, Hard Disk, Tape Drive) which are electronic components. The following tools are required:-

a. Electro Static Strip b. ICs Extractor Kitc. Solder / De-Solder Station Kitd. Suckere. Electronic Componentsf. Electronic Tools Kitg. Twiser/Playersh. Screw Drivers (Flip/Flate)

Tool for Software. All PCs are controlled by the software. The software are different categories. The most important are Operating Systems, Utility Software, and the Application Software. In trouble shooting commonly used software are Checkit, First Aid, Norton, and Anti Virus.

a. Operating System (DOS & Windows)b. Checkitc. Nortond. First Aide. Nuts and Bolts g Drivers