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Paragraphs
Paragraphs
• A group of related sentences set off by a beginning indention or sometimes, extra space
• Paragraphs give you and your readers a breather from long stretches of text and they indicate key steps in the development of your thesis.
Unity
• “ An effective paragraph develops one central idea- in other words, it is unified.”
Coherence:
• “When a paragraph is coherent, readers can see how it holds together : the sentences seem to flow logically and smoothly into one another.”
Paragraph organization
• General to specific: “…a downshift from more general statements to more specific ones.”
• Climactic: “Sentences increase in drama or interest, ending in a climax.”
Paragraph Organization:
• Spatial: “Sentences scan a person, place, or object from top to bottom , from side to side, or in some other way that approximates the way people actually look at things.”
• Chronological: “ Sentences present events as they occurred in time ; earlier to later.”
Parallelism:
• Parallelism helps tie sentences together with the use of similar language structures.
• I came. I saw. I conquered.
Repetition and Restatement:
• “Repeating or restating key words helps make a paragraph coherent and also reminds readers what the topic is.”
Consistency:
• Be consistent in person and number with pronoun usage and verb tense.
Transitional Expressions:
• Transitions forge specific connections between sentences and paragraphs. They form a bridge between what has been said and what is going to be said.
Paragraph Development:
• Narration : retells a significant sequence of events, usually in the order of their occurrence ( that is, chronologically).” Storytelling.
Description :
• Description details the sensory qualities of a person, scene, thing or feeling using concrete and specific words to convey a dominant mood, illustrate an idea or achieve some other purpose.”
Illustration or support :
• Use of several specific examples
Providing reasons for stating a general idea
Definition:
• “ Defining a complicated, abstract or controversial term often requires extended explanation.”
Division or Analysis:
• Separation of a subject into its elements to provide an analysis through examination of its parts.
Classification:
• Sorting items or ideas into specific groups.
Comparison and Contrast:
• Illustrating similarities and differences.
Cause and Effect:
• Explanation for the reason something happened or for what did or may happen.
• What led to an event. The reason- the “Why?”
Process Analysis:
• Analysis of how something is done or how something works.
Source:
• Aaron, Jane E. , The Little Brown Compact Handbook, New York: Pearson, 2010.