Paladin , Pic-Clor 60®, and Pic-Clor 80® (Chloropicrin): Drip … MBAO/presentations... · Paladin ®, Pic-Clor 60 ®, and Pic-Clor 80® (Chloropicrin): Drip- and Shank-applied

Paladin®, Pic-Clor 60®, and Pic-Clor 80® (Chloropicrin): Drip- and Shank-applied

under Retentive Film for Strawberry

Production in California

USDA-Pacific Area-Wide Methyl Bromide Alternatives Program

Mona Othman, Shachaf Dotan, Jonathan Hunzie, and Husein Ajwa

University of California Davis, Salinas

Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) EPA Registration was granted in 2010

(Arkema and United Phosphorus, Inc.) Applied only under VIF/TIF Used as a flavoring for an onion or garlic taste

in some processed cheese and meat (0.02-10 ppm) Efficacy/formulation??

Paladin: a new soil fumigant

ODOR

DMDS (PALADIN® ) has a strong, objectionable odor which can be detected at concentrations significantly below the levels that can potentially cause harm. The odor is a garlic-like or natural gas and may be confused with the odor of or propane leak.

Minimum tarp removal on the label is 14 days. With VIF/TIF tarps and for odor mitigation, minimum tarp removal is based on soil temp and the plant back chart.

Laboratory dose-response studies

80% inhibitory concentration (MIC80)

Soil

fumigant

Application rate to control 80% of pathogens population (lbs/ac)

Fusarium

Oxysporum

Pythium

ultimum

Rhizoctonia

solani

Tylenchulus

semipenetrans

Verticillium

dahlia

DMDS:Pic

(79:21) 288 144 432 72 370

MBr:Pic

(50:50) 150 75 300 38 275

Marketable yield

(g/plant)

Total yield

(g/plant)

Treatments (lbs/acre)

Relative to MBr/Pic %

Relative to MBr/Pic %

Untreated (VIF) 73 76

Paladin 79/21 @ 40 gpa (VIF) 96 96

Paladin 79/21 @ 50 gpa (VIF) 92 94

Paladin pure @ 51 gpa (VIF) 97 97

Paladin 79/21 @ 60 gpa (VIF) 95 96

PIC60 200 (VIF) 90 92

PIC60 200 fb metam (VIF) 103 103

Pic60 300 (Std) 97 97

PIC60 300 fb metam (Std) 98 99

P value = .001 P value = .001

Yield from Drip Applied Paladin and Pic Treatments in Salinas-September 2011

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of DMDS+chloropicrin and chloropicrin+1,3-D formulations and application rates for strawberry yield and weed control under virtually impermeable films (VIF) and totally impermeable film (TIF).

Drip research area each bed is 100 feet long, each

treatment 4 beds

Shank research area

each treatment is 3 passes, each pass 11 ft wide and 280 ft long

Salina’s Research Site

Sand 67%, silt 19.25%, clay13.75%, organic matter 1.2%. pH 7.12, average soil temperature 65F.

Materials and Methods

Shank treatments were applied on October 15, 2011.

Drip treatments were applied on November 1, 2011.

Fumigants were applied under standard tarp (Std), TIF, or VIF.

Shank-applied Treatments

Treatment lbs/acre

Pic + TIF 300

Pic-Clor 60 + TIF 300

Pic-Clor 60 +Standard Film 300

Pic-Clor 80 + TIF 300

Pic-Clor 80 +Standard Film 300

Paladin 70:30 280,345,350

Paladin 65:35 260,383

Paladin 79:21 378,500

Paladin 60:40 450

Paladin50:50 400

MeBr (57:43) +Standard Film 350

Broadcast shank application

Drip-applied Treatments Pic-Clor 60 EC TIF 200

Pic-Clor 60 EC STD 300

Pic-Clor 80 EC TIF 200

Pic-Clor 80 EC STD 300

Pic-Clor 60 EC TIF 350

Pic-Clor 60 EC VIF 350

Pic EC TIF 250

Pic EC VIF 250

Paladin 70/30 EC VIF 400






Paladin 65/35 EC TIF 300






Methods

Drip fumigation was done with two drip tapes per bed

Beds were tarped with VIF and TIF

Methods

Strawberry plants (Albion variety) were transplanted four weeks after the applications. November 26, 2011.

Weed evaluations were made prior to weeding activity throughout the growing season.

Methods

Fruit harvested weekly and graded as marketable and nonmarketable yield.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Dia

me

ter

(in

ch

es)

Early Season Plant Diameter under TIF, March 2012

No significant difference due to treatment or plastic were found in plant diameter

Yield from Pic-Clor 60 and Pic-Clor 80 Broadcast shank injection, Salinas, CA 2012

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Untreated MeBr (57:43)+Standard

Film

Pic + TIF300lbs

Pic-Clor 60 +TIF 300lbs

Pic-Clor 60+StandardFilm 300lbs

Pic-Clor 80 +TIF 300lbs

Pic-Clor 80+StandardFilm 300lbs

To

tal

Yie

ld (

g/p

lan

t)

P=.02

Yields from Paladin broadcast shank injection in Salinas, CA 2012

200

400

600

800

1000

To

tal

Yie

ld (

g/p

lan

t)

Total Yields from Paladin Drip Application in Salinas, CA 2012

Treatment Plastic

Yield (g/plant) Treatment Plastic

Yield (g/plant)

Control TIF 846 Control VIF 840

Pic EC 250 lbs TIF 1007 Pic EC 250 lbs VIF 965

Pic-Clor 60 EC 350 lbs TIF 985 Pic-Clor 60 EC 350 lbs VIF 1018

Pic-Clor 60 EC 200 lbs TIF 855 Pic-Clor 60 EC 300 lbs std 918

Pic-Clor 80 EC 200 lbs TIF 934 Pic-Clor 80 EC 300 lbs std 952

Paladin 65/35 EC 400 lbs TIF 1075 Paladin 65/35 EC 400 lbs VIF 993



Paladin 60/40 EC 300 TIF 998 Paladin 70/30 EC 500 lbs VIF 989



P=.03, due to treatments

Selected Weeds in Salinas

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua), Lambsquarter (Chenopodium album), Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), Pigweeds (Amaranthus spp).

Weed Density from Shank Application Treatments Salinas, CA 2012

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

(ct/

acre

)/1

00

0

Weed Density from Drip Application Treatments Salinas, CA 2012

Treatment Plastic Total

Weed/Acre (1000)

Tratment Plastic Total

Weed/Acre (1000)

Untreated TIF 39.5 Untreated VIF 50.3

Pic-Clor 60 EC 200 lbs TIF 9.6 Pic-Clor 60 EC 300 lbs Std 24.4

Pic-Clor 80 EC 200 lbs TIF 7.5 Pic-Clor 80 EC 300 lbs Std 18.8

Paladin 65/35 EC 400 lbs TIF 16.6 Paladin 65/35 EC 400 lbs VIF 11.8



Paladin 60/40 EC 300 TIF 13.6 Paladin 70/30 EC 500 lbs VIF 18.6



Summary

No phytotoxicity or plant mortality was observed in any of the treatments. Maximum yields were obtained with Paladin 50/50 @400 lbs/ac, Paladin 60/40 @450 lbs/ac, and Paladin 79/21 @500 lbs/ac.

Undergoing research on shank and drip applications.

Thank you very much

Documents

Paladin , Pic-Clor 60®, and Pic-Clor 80® (Chloropicrin): Drip … MBAO/presentations... · Paladin ®, Pic-Clor 60 ®, and Pic-Clor 80® (Chloropicrin): Drip- and Shank-applied