PAKISTAN’S TRANS-BOUNDARY RIVERS WITH AFGHANISTAN by Syed Jamait Ali Shah at LEADS, Islamabad on (18-12-2014)

PAKISTAN’S TRANS-BOUNDARY RIVERS

WITH AFGHANISTAN

bySyed Jamait Ali Shah

atLEADS, Islamabad

on(18-12-2014)

TOTAL CULTIVATED LAND IN AFGHANISTAN

Total Area: 3,900,000 ha

Irrigated67%

Rainfed 33%

Area of Afghanistan : 64,750,000 ha

COMMON RIVERS WITH AFGHANISTANIN NWFP

COMMON RIVERS WITH AFGHANISTAN IN BALOCHISTAN

COMMON RIVERS WITH AFGHANISTAN

MAIN RIVERS MAJOR TRIBUTARIESAVERAGE ANNUAL

INFLOWS (MAF)

NWFP

Kabul Kabul Chitral/Konar 16.44

KurramKurram Kaitu & Tochi 0.89

Gomal Gomal Zhob & Kandar 0.79

BALOCHISTAN

Abdul Wahab StreamAbdul Wahab Stream Turwa 0.0039

KandarKandar Nagandi Oba, Ashiwat 0.0212

Kand Kand Turwa 0.00293

KadanaiKadanai Tashrabad, Aghbergai, Hasna Zemal, Maran, Warjaroba

0.0058

Pishin Lora/ Bore NallahPishin Lora/ Bore Nallah 0.095

Kaisar Kaisar Gori 0.0175

Total:Total: 18.266

ANNUAL AVERAGE CONTRIBUTION

River ProvinceInflows

(MAF)

Contribution from

Afghanistan

Contribution from Pakistan

AreaRemarks

Kabul NWFP 16.448.19 (Kabul &

Kunar)8.25 (Chitral)

River Chitral enters into Afghanistan at Arandu

Kurram, Kaitu & Tochi NWFP .89 - - -

Gomal NWFP .79 - --

Kandar & Abdul Wahab

Balochistan 0.0233 0.0022 0.0211Abdul Wahab originates in Afghanistan (>95% rainfed), Kandar originates in Pakistan (>93% rainfed)

KandBalochistan 0.00293 - 0.00293

Originates in Pakistan and enters into Afghanistan (>95% rainfed)

Kadnai Balochistan 0.0212 - -Originates in Pakistan and enters into Afghanistan (>90% rainfed)

Pishin Lora Balochistan 0.095 0.064 0.159Enters into Afghanistan and comes back (>90% rainfed)

Kaisar Balochistan 0.0039 0.0001 0.0038Originates in Afghanistan and enters into Pakistan (>95% rainfed)

TOTAL: 18.266 - -

INFORMATION OBTAINED

THROUGH VARIOUS SOURCES

REGARDING DEVELOPMENT ON

KABUL RIVER BASIN

PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTANOTHER PROJECTS.

NAME RIVER

Nangarhar Kabul

Istalif Kabul

Asadabad Kunar

Amir Ghazi Kabul

Qargha Kabul

Shahtoot Wardak

Haijan Kabul

Gulbahar Kabul

Pul-i-Khumri

Kabul

PROJECTS ON RIVER KABUL BY AFGHANISTAN

NAME OF THE PROJECT STATUS

BRIEF DESCRIPTIONSTORAGE

(MAF)HEAD (M)

CAPACITY (MW)

Kama Irrigation Project Proposed 45 0.445

Shardeh-Ghorband Irrigation-cum-Micro Hydroelectric Power Scheme

Proposed - 600 kW 0.28

Nangarhar Development Project Proposed - - 0.28

Parwan Irrigation and Hydroelectric Project

Proposed - - 0.28

Gatt Reservoir Proposed - - -

Darunta Existing 12 11.5

Sarobi Existing 56 222 -

Naghlu Existing 76 100 0.3

Mahipar Existing 345 66 0.28

Maidan Shahr Existing - - -




(MAF)HEAD (M)

CAPACITY (MW)

Istalif Hydroelectric Power Plant

Existing - 0.2

Asadabad Hydroelectric Plant Existing - 2 x 350 kW -

Dasht-e-Ghamberi Canal or Aab-e-Marwareed Canal

U/C - - -

Zurmat Dam Under Reh. - - -

Amir Ghazi Under Reh. - - -

Qargha Plant Under Reh. - - -

Pul-i-Khumri Under Reh. - - -




(MAF)HEAD (M)

CAPACITY (MW)

Haijan Storage Dam - - - -

Gulbahar Storage Dam - - - -

Zadrano Dam - - - -

Machalgho Dam - - - -

Shahtoot Dam - - - -

Mangallo Dam - - - -

EFFECT OF KAMA PROJECT

(1) Location :

Diversion Dam on Konar River

13 K.M from Kabul

(2) Storage Capacity : 445,000 AF

(3) Power Generation : 45 MW

(4) Total Diversion :(A) 313,200 AF (386.3 MCM) per year

(B) 425 Cusec (12 m3/sec)

(5) Reduction of inflow at Warsak : 5-8%

(6)Reduction of power generation at Warsak : 11%

(7) Area proposed to be irrigated : 28,740 Acre

OVERALL DEVELOPMENT OF KABUL RIVER BASINOBJECTIVES EXPECTED RESULTS INDICATORS

Development Plan 1. In 2011 30% of water comes from large works

Implementation Plan 2. Plans and designs prepared for investments in water resources infrastructure

1. Acreage of land to be irrigated from rehabilitated and new works

2. Number of plans approved by MoF

Management Plan Water resources are managed economically and equitably for proper drinking water supply, environmental protection and improved land productivity

1. Number of sites that meet technical standards

2. Percentage of sites where 90% of tail-enders receive enough water on time

3. Number of upper-catchment protection programs

4. Number of sites reserved as suitable drinking water resource

Source: NORPLAN 2004

AVAILABLEINFORMATION ABOUT

KABUL BASINAND

OTHER COMMONRIVER PROJECTS

PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTANPROJECTS IN AFGHANISTANSr. # Project Title River Basin Brief Description of Project

Common/Non-Common

1. Darunta Dam Kabul River Project is located near Jalalabad. Dam has capacity of 11.5 MW. Initial construction work commenced in 1960 with technical and financial assistance of USSR and was completed in 1962.World Bank has now pledged US$ 50 million for renovation. Renovation contract was given to German Company “Siemens”.

Common(Pakistan Border)

2. Sarobi Dam Kabul River The dam has capacity of 222 MW Power generation.World Bank had pledged US$ 50 million for renovation. Contract was awarded to Siemens.


3. Naghlu Dam Kabul River Project is located in the west of Kabul and has storage capacity of 304,000 AF.The generation capacity is 100 MW.The dam is 361 feet high and 919 feet long.Initial construction was completed in 1960.The out of order turbine is being repaired by Chinese Company “M/s. Sino Hydro”.World Bank had allocated US$ 35 million for repair/renovation of this project.


PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTANPROJECTS IN AFGHANISTANSr. # Project Title

River Basin

Brief Description of ProjectCommon/

Non-Common

4. Shardeh Ghorband Irrigation –cum-Micro Hydroelectric Power Scheme

Kabul River

The dam is located near Kabul and irrigates 1,126 Ha of land with power generation of 600 KW.


5. Mahipar Dam Kabul River

The dam is located near Kabul.It has capacity of 66 MW.Rehabilitation had been undertaken by German firm “Siemens”.


6. Nangarhar Development Project

Kabul River

The project was started in 1964 with Russian assistance.It irrigates 31200 Ha of land.

7. Maidan Shahr Kabul River

Information is being sought.

8. Istalif Hydroelectric

Power Plant

Kabul

River

The plant is located 55 km north of Kabul.The power generation capacity of the plant is 200 kW.It was completed with the help of Korea-Water in 2006 and Korea-Water also provided operation and management for the facility and the associated electric works for one year.

Common

(Pakistan Border)

Sr. # Project Title River Basin Brief Description of ProjectCommon/

Non-Common

9. Amir Ghazi

Project

Kabul River The plant is located near Jalalabad. Common(Pakistan Border)

10. Qargha Plant Kabul River The plant is located near Jalalabad. Common(Pakistan Border)

11. Haijan Storage Dam

Kabul River - -

12. Gulbahar Storage Dam

Kabul River - -

13. Pul-i-Khumari Kabul River - -

PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTANPROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN


Common/ Non-Common

14. Dasht-e-GhamberiCanalORAab-e-Marwareed Canal

Kunar River

The canal starts from Zari Baba and goes to Salampur in Khewa District of Nangarhar Province to irrigate Gambiri Dag in Laghman/Nangarhar Province.The canal will use 3,000 liters per second from Kunar River.Approx 10% of Kunar River will be diverted through canal.Because the inflow of Kabul River is receding every year due to drought in Afghanistan, during the last few years. The surplus water of canal will be stored in Darunta Dam.Remaining part of the project has been reported to be financed by India.Financial and technical aspects have been studied with estimated cost of US$ 1.2 million.The project was started by PMS. (a Japanese NGO)18 Km out of 26 Km was completed with a cost of US$ 3 million.



Common/Non-Common

15. Kama Water and Power Project

Kunar River

Project is located on River Kunar in Nangarhar Province.It will irrigate about 12,000 Ha of land and will produce 45 MW of electricity.Feasibility study of the project was completed in 1975.Recently an amount of US$ 2.4 Million has been allocated for this project.Another report reflects that Afghan Government has finalized a contract with Indian Government for construction of Dam in area Kama on Junction of Kabul, Panjshar and Kunar Rivers with a cost of US$ 24 million. However, Foreign Office reports that no such activity was at the envil.


16. Asadabad Hydroelectric Power Plant

Kunar

River

The power generation capacity of the plant is 2 X 350 kW.The plant was built with German assistant.Only one of the sets is in operation.The plant was completed in 1983.

Common (Pakistan Border)

PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTANPROJECTS IN AFGHANISTANSr. # Project Title

River Basin

Brief Description of ProjectCommon/

Non-Common

17. Parwan Irrigation and Hydroelectric Project

Panjsher River

The projected is located 600m below confluence of Shuttal and Panjsher Rivers.It irrigates 24,800 Ha of land in Parwan Province2000 KW/hr has already been completed in 1973.


18. Gatt Reservoir

Logar

River

It is located on Logar River in Kabul Province and irrigates 10,000 Ha of land. It is also intended for provision of potable water to Kabul City and also for raising of under ground water table.Negotiations were also underway with JICA for assistance.

19. Mangallo Dam

Kurram

River

The dam is located in Paktia. Its reservoir is spread over area of 20,000 square meters. It does not produce electricity despite having capacity to produce sizeable quantum.

20. Zurmat Dam Kurram

River

The dam is located in Paktia.Its reservoir is spread over area of 8,000 square meter.Currently, its repair was done/undertaken by Afghan Ministry of Water and Energy.

Sr. # Project Title River Basin Brief Description of ProjectCommon/

Non-Common

21. Zadrano Dam Kurram River

The dam is located in Paktia. Further information is being sought.


22. Machalgho Dam Kurram River

The dam is located in Paktia.The water released from this dam flows toward Kurram Agency is Pakistan.Its reservoir is spread over 15,000 square meters.PRT (?) at Gardaz was working on dam.


23. Shahtoot Dam Wardak

River

The plant is located in Wardak Province on

Wardak River, which is a tributary of Kabul

River.

Common

(Pakistan Border)

24. Bore Nala (Lora Pishin)

Pishin Lora The dam located on Spin Tangi in Shorwak area of Kandhar Province.


PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTANPROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN

Existing = 1 MAF

Planned = 4 MAF

Total Water Resources Development Potential by Afghanistan is estimated to about 5 MAF.

EXISTING AND PLANNED USAGES BY EXISTING AND PLANNED USAGES BY AFGHANISTAN THROUGH COMMON RIVERSAFGHANISTAN THROUGH COMMON RIVERS

USESUSESININ

PAKISTANPAKISTAN

USES* IN NWFPUSES* IN NWFP

RIVERS

Usage

Present(MAF)

Planned(MAF)

Total(MAF)

Kabul (Warsak Dam) 1.598 0.942 2.54

Chitral 0.214 1.048 1.262

Kurram (Khurlarchi) 1.087 0.572 1.659

Kaitu (Spinwam/Tochi)(Bannu Miran Shah Road)

0.151 0.270 0.421

Gomal 0.79 0.892 1.682

TOTAL 3.84 3.724 7.564

* All the waters of common rivers are committed for use in Pakistan

PROJECTS BY PAKISTAN IN NWFP

PROJECTS

SALIENT FEATURES

STATUSPOWER GENERATION

(MW)

GROSS STORAGE

(MAF)

Gomal Zam Dam Project 17.4 Live = 0.892Dead = 0.248

Under Construction

Kurram Tangi Dam Project 53 Live = 0.614Dead = 0.300

Approved Govt. of Pakistan

Mir Khani Dam Project 150 Total = 0.580 Pre-feasibility study yet to be undertaken

COMMON RIVERS WITH AFGHANISTAN LOCATION OF ONGOING/PROPOSED PROJECTS

USES IN BALOCHISTANUSES IN BALOCHISTAN

RIVERS

USAGE

PRESENT(MAF)

PLANNED(MAF)

TOTAL(MAF)

Pishin Lora 0.043 0.039 0.082

Abdul Wahab 0.0022 0.0029 0.0051

Kadnai 0.0085 0.0121 0.0206

Kaisar 0.00190 0.0019 0.0038

Kand 0.0010 0.00182 0.00282

Kandar 0.0061 0.0099 0.016

TOTAL 0.0627 0.06762 0.13032

USES IN BALOCHISTANUSES IN BALOCHISTAN

NAME OF PROJECT LOCATION HEIGHT

Burj Aziz Khan Dam60 Km North-West

of Quetta52 m

Abdul Wahab Storage Dam9 Miles Downstream

of Afghan Border-

ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKENUNDERTAKEN

ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKENACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN

Collection of Data/Information

Exhaustive Water Account

Future Planning by Pakistan

Draft Agreement has been Proposed

STRENGTHENING OF HYDROLOGICAL NETWORK IN BALOCHISTAN AND NWFP

SITES IN OPERATION SITES COMMISSIONED

N.W.F.P

Arandu Nallah at Arandu Kabul River at Shinpokh

Chitral River near Arandu Kurram River at Kharachi

Kaitu River at Dohtai

Tochi River at Dwa Tol

Gomal River at Tarkhai Marghoghul

BALOCHISTAN

Abdul Wahab River at Quamar Din Zhob Kandar River at Sande

Pashin Lora at Sargai Kand River near Sahib Jan Killi

Pashin Lora at Inam Bostan Kadnai River at Domanda

Gori River near International Boundary

PAK-AFGHAN WATER AGREEMENTPAK-AFGHAN WATER AGREEMENT

Initial draft Pak-Afghan Water Treaty has been prepared

Vetted by Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Comments from Ministry of Law, Justice and Human Rights are awaited

FACTSFACTS&&

ISSUESISSUES

FACTSFACTS

(i) Afghanistan has an estimated development potential in water sector to the tune of about 4 MAF.

(ii) Complete/Exhaustive information is not available.

(iii) Delay in decision might cost Pakistan – India being active.

ISSUESISSUES

(i) Sharing of information – mechanism to be arranged by the Foreign Office

(ii) Diversion of River Chitral - a Viable Option?

(iii) Decision about the Agreement with Afghanistan on Water Sharing

(iv) Appropriate Time for such Agreement

(v) Commitment of existing water resources/construction of storages

CHITRALCHITRALDIVERSIONDIVERSION

CHITRAL DIVERSION

OPTION OF CHITRAL DIVERSION

Project Components

Construction of Mirkhani Dam to divert Chitral

flows (about 4 MAF).

Tunnel to Panjkora River (part of Mirkhani Dam)

and Canal to Munda H/W.

Impact on irrigation and at Warsak & Munda

projects to be considered.

Documents

PAKISTAN’S TRANS-BOUNDARY RIVERS WITH AFGHANISTAN by Syed Jamait Ali Shah at LEADS, Islamabad on (18-12-2014)