PADSPower Aware Distributed Systems

Architecture Approaches

USC Information Sciences InstituteBrian Schott, Bob Parker

UCLAMani Srivastava

Rockwell Science CenterCharles Chien

Sensor Network Baseline

Instrument a state-of-the-art sensor node to understand and baseline power consumption in current sensor systems.

Rockwell WINS is modular: Power Board StrongARM Board Radio Board Sensor Board

WINS representative of other sensor nodes in the community.

We plan to adapt this node to allow module-level power instrumentation and logging both in the lab and in the field.

Power Instrumentation

Goals Insert a power isolation board

between each module. Signals are passed through, power

supplies are isolated. Microcontroller provides power

monitoring and power control from a host’s serial port (workstation, laptop or iPAQ).

Status Four channel instrumentation

board completed and was used at SITEX01.

Power isolator currently in fabrication.

PADS Power Isolator

StrongARM

PADS Power Isolator

Radio

PADS Power Isolator

Sensor

Battery Pack

Measurement Approach

Measurement Device – Configured to measure the power performance of sensor node in real time

Measurement Data - Used in SensorSim to characterize the nodes’ power performance

Sensor Node

MeasurementDevice

Research Platform Status

PADS team has been surveying existing sensor node platforms inside and outside community. mAMPS-1, MIT, StrongARM, ECOS.

Not available to community until Fall 2001. PicoNode, UCB, StrongARM, ECOS.

Still a candidate architecture. Would have to produce own radio with proper P-A hooks and migrate to

WINS, Rockwell, StrongARM, MCOS/ECOS Some aspects of design are closed.

WINS 2.0, Sensoria, SH4, Linux Closed architecture.

ARL CAuS?

Limitation of these nodes is direct dependence on StrongARM (bus master, signaling, control).

AMPS-1 Node Processor Architecture

StrongARMSA-1110

IntelGDS1110BB

Flash

MEMORY

System Connector

IEEE 1386 Mezzanine

DA

TA

AD

DR

ES

S

[31:0]

[31:0][31:0]

[15:0]US

B

RS

232 [4:1]

IRQ

Per

iphe

ral P

wr.

En.

SP

I

DC/DC+3.3V Buck

DC/DC+5V Boost

DC/DC+0.9-2.1V Buck

[4:0]

Core Power

Core Voltage Select

+3.3V

+5V

Battery (3.3-5V)

On-Board Sensor

Dig

ital

logi

c su

pply

Threshold

Gain Select

[19:2]

[19:2]

[19:1]

Per

iphe

ral C

hip

Sel

.

[1:0]

SPI

System Connector

Data Bus [15:0]

Address [4:1]

Peripheral Chip Select [1:0]

RS-232USB peripheral port

Synch. Serial Port (SPI)Peripheral Power Enable [1:0]

+3.3V ~IRQBattery Supply Power Ground

Signal Ground

Memory Control (~WE, ~OE)

64-pin IEEE 1386 Mezzanine connector

PicoNode I

Currently supporting the following efforts Sensors for smart buildings Seismic monitoring Local Positioning research Ad-hoc networking and media-access research New physical layers (Bluetooth and others)

sensor digital power bluetooth radio

Off-the-shelf fully programmable communication/computation node20 nodes operational; new bluetooth and power boardsOrders for nodes due by July 1!

FY99 CAFY99 CAS Gen S Gen II

FY01 CAFY01 CAS Gen IIS Gen II

ARL CAuS ImplementationARL CAuS Implementation

Proof of concept system achieved4 orders of magnitude reduction in Size x Weight x Power metric

Enabled by Adaptive Computing• Supports a wide range of sensors• Move the processing to the sensor head• Low power, high computational throughput• Field upgradeable to support emerging algorithms

Courtesy of Bae/ARL

UCLA Medusa II

Initial prototype competed: Medusa

Design of Medusa II(using non-SensIT resources) Longer range ultrasound (15-20m) Radio Power Control & RSSI circuitry More computation (Atmel THUMB)

Goal: Hybrid Radio-acoustical localization use radio for long-range when ultrasound is unable to find a neighbor Medusa used standalone or as a location coprocessor to sensor nodes

AtmelAVR

RFMRadio

UltrasoundReceiver

Ultrasound Transmitter

INT

Power Management for Wireless Sensor Nodes

Sensors RadioCPU

Real Time Operating System

Power Manager

Dynamic Voltage Scaling

Scalable Signal

Processing

Dynamic Modulation

Scaling

Coordinated Power Management

Distributed Sensor Node Approach

Make each module an independent actor on a multi-master serial bus such as I2C (400Kb, 4Mb*). 87C554 Microcontroller - 16 mA Active, 4 mA Idle, 50 uA Shutdown.

Create common command set for peer to peer communication and control of modules.

Localize specific processing as close to modules as possible (perform energy threshold on seismic board, packet forwarding on radio board, etc.).

A StrongARM may be used for application control and data processing, but could distribute “event handlers” to local microcontrollers and power down most of the time.

I2C + Power

PADS Research Platform Plan

Focus code development in summer using existing SA1/SA2 development boards, radios, and sensors.

Activate ISI hardware team to invent or leverage existing node stack definition that can be reasonably replicated and deployed. Build TI TMS320VC5509 DSP processor module. Build SA2 processor module.

Deploy PADS research platform at ARL Summer ’02 exercise demonstrating 10X power improvement over existing baseline node capabilities.