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Package Management Cheatsheet
A package management reference card for Linux distributions and FreeBSD
Introduction
Package management is probably the most distinctive feature of any Linux distribution. While the current trend among most of the major projects is to offer some sortof a clickable interface where users can select a package and install it with a mouse click (e.g. Debian's Synaptic or Mandriva's Drakrpm), these types of programs aregenerally just graphical front-ends to the low-level utilities that manage the tasks associated with installing packages on a Linux system. And even though many desktopLinux users feel much more comfortable installing packages through these intuitive graphical tools, there is no denying that command-line package management offerstwo excellent features not available in any graphical package management utility: power and speed.
One problem that many distro-hoppers and operating system enthusiasts encounter is having to master (or relearn) a set of package management commands eachtime they switch from one distribution group to another. Additionally, the package management tools tend to evolve, with new features and even new commands addedto every new version. This is why we created this package management cheatsheet - an easy reference card covering most frequently used package managementtasks in Linux distributions and FreeBSD. As always, we welcome corrections, updates and suggestions - if you spot any error or wish to have another packagemanagement utility added to this page, feel free to contact us (email address at the bottom of this page).
Package Management Cheatsheet
A d v e r t i s e m e n t
Main distributions
The first table lists package management tasks in the four most popular distribution groups - Debian (including Ubuntu,Linux Mint, KNOPPIX, aptosid and other Debian derivatives), openSUSE, Fedora (including Red Hat Enterprise Linux,CentOS, Scientific Linux and other Fedora-based distributions), and Mandriva Linux and Mageia.
Task apt (deb)
Debian, Ubuntuzypp (rpm)openSUSE
yum (rpm)Fedora, CentOS
urpmi (rpm)Mandriva, Mageia
Managing software
Install new software frompackage repository
apt-get install pkg zypper install pkg yum install pkg urpmi pkg
Install new software frompackage file
dpkg -i pkg zypper install pkg yum localinstall pkg urpmi pkg
Update existing software apt-get install pkg zypper update -t
package pkg yum update pkg urpmi pkg
Remove unwanted software apt-get remove pkg zypper remove pkg yum erase pkg urpme pkg
Updating the system
Update package listapt-get updateaptitude update
zypper refresh yum check-update urpmi.update -a
Update systemapt-get upgradeaptitude safe-
upgradezypper update yum update urpmi --auto-select
Searching for packages
Search by package name apt-cache search pkg zypper search pkg yum list pkg urpmq pkg
Search by patternapt-cache search
pattern zypper search -tpattern pattern
yum search pattern urpmq --fuzzy pkg
Search by file name apt-file search path zypper wp file yum provides file urpmf file
List installed packages dpkg -l zypper search -is rpm -qa rpm -qa
Configuring access tosoftware repositories
List repositoriescat
/etc/apt/sources.listzypper repos yum repolist urpmq --list-media
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Add repository(edit
/etc/apt/sources.list)zypper addrepo path
name (add repo to
/etc/yum.repos.d/)urpmi.addmedia
name path
Remove repository(edit
/etc/apt/sources.list)zypper removerepo
name (remove repo from /etc/yum.repos.d/)
urpmi.removemediamedia
Slackware and Slackware Based Distributions
The table below lists package management utilities found in Slackware Linux and other Slackware-based distributions. Asstated by Patrick Volkerding on several occasions, Slackware is unlikely to ever have any advanced (i.e. dependency-resolving) package management tool, so all installation, upgrade and removal tasks continue to be performed withpkgtools , a set of very simple scripts that haven't changed much in years. Nevertheless, slackpkg , an advanced package
management tool which for years had been relegated to the unsupported "extra" repository, was finally made part of Slackware Linux 12.2. It's worth noting that some popular Slackware derivatives, such as VectorLinux, have standardised onslapt-get , another third-party utility imitating the behaviour of Debian's APT, while Zenwalk Linux has introduced its ownpackage management tool called netpkg.
Task pkgtools
Slackwareslackpkg
Slackwareslapt-get Vector
netpkgZenwalk
Managing software
Install new software frompackage repository
-- slackpkg install pkg slapt-get --install
pkg netpkg pkg
Install new software frompackage file
installpkg pkg slackpkg install pkg slapt-get --install
pkg netpkg pkg
Update existing software upgradepkg pkg slackpkg upgrade pkg slapt-get --install
pkg netpkg pkg
Remove unwanted software removepkg pkg slackpkg remove pkg slapt-get --removepkg
netpkg remove pkg
Updating the system
Update package list -- slackpkg update slapt-get --update (automatic)
Update system -- slackpkg upgrade-all slapt-get --upgrade netpkg upgrade
Searching for packages
Search by package name -- slackpkg search pkg slapt-get --search
pkg netpkg pkg repo
Search by pattern --slackpkg search
pattern slapt-get --search
pattern netpkg list | grep
pattern
Search by file name -- -- -- netpkg file repo
List installed packages ls /var/log/packages/ ls /var/log/packages/ slapt-get -- instal led netpk list I
Configuring access to
software repositories
List repositories --cat
/etc/slackpkg/mirrorscat /etc/slapt-get/slapt-getrc
netpkg mirror
Add repository --(edit
/etc/slackpkg/mirrors)(edit /etc/slapt-get/slapt-getrc)
(edit /etc/netpkg.conf)
Remove repository --(edit
/etc/slackpkg/mirrors)(edit /etc/slapt-get/slapt-getrc)
(edit /etc/netpkg.conf)
Independent Linux Distributions
In the next group we have a few (mostly) independent distributions that have been gaining popularity in recent years.Sabayon Linux, although derived from Gentoo, has introduced its own command-line package management utility calledequo . Arch Linux's Pacman has been around for a long time and it's often considered one of the fastest packagemanagement utilities around. Conary , developed by rPath and popularised by Foresight Linux, is a completely new approachto package management, created by well-known ex-Red Hat engineers with many years of package managementexperience. In contrast, PiSi by Pardus Linux is a relatively new utility, but the distribution itself has been growing fast in thelast couple of years.
Task equo
Sabayonpacman Arch
conaryrPath, Foresight
pisiPardus
Managing software
Install new software frompackage repository
equo install pkg pacman -S pkg conary update pkg pisi install pkg
Install new software frompackage file
equo install pkg pacman -U pkg conary update pkg pisi install pkg
Update existing software equo install pkg pacman -S pkg conary update pkg pisi install pkg
Remove unwanted software equo remove pkg pacman -R pkg conary erase pkg pisi remove pkg
Updating the system Update package list equo update pacman -Sy pisi update-repo
Update system equo world pacman -Su conary updateall pisi upgrade
Searching for packages
Search by package name equo match pkg pacman -Ss pkg conary query pkg pisi search pkg
Search by pattern equo search pattern pacman -Ss pattern conary query pkg pisi search pkg
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Search by file name equo belongs file pacman -Qo file conary query --path
path pisi search-file path
List installed packages equo list pacman -Q conary query pisi list-installed
Configuring access tosoftware repositories
List repositories equo repoinfo cat /etc/pacman.conf pisi list-repo
Add repository(edit
/etc/pacman.conf)
pisi add-repo name path
Remove repository(edit
/etc/pacman.conf)
pisi remove-reponame
Distribution Agnostic Package Management
Besides standard package management utilities that most distributions use as part of their systems, there are also somedistro-agnostic ones that have been deployed with various levels of success in certain distributions. Smart , originallydeveloped by Conectiva, hasn't been in the news lately, but some users seem to prefer it over Mandriva's urpmi oropenSUSE's zypper (it also supports Debian and Slackware-based systems). More recently it is Fedora's PackageKit thathas been gaining momentum as a way to manage packages across distributions and architectures. Now included in manyother distributions, PackageKit's pkgcon command-line utility is effectively a unified front-end to the native packagemanagement tools of Fedora, Ubuntu, openSUSE, Mandriva and other distributions.
Task smart
Mandriva, openSUSEpkgcon
Fedora, Ubuntu, openSUSE, Mandriva
Managing software
Install new software frompackage repository smart install pkg pkcon install pkg
Install new software frompackage file
smart install pkg pkcon install-file pkg
Update existing software smart install pkg pkcon update pkg
Remove unwanted software smart remove pkg pkcon remove pkg
Updating the system
Update package list smart update pkcon refresh
Update system smart upgrade pkcon upgrade
Searching for packages
Search by package name smart search pkg pkcon search name pkg
Search by pattern smart search pattern pkcon search details pattern
Search by file name smart query file pkcon what-provides file
List installed packages smart query --installed --
Configuring access tosoftware repositories
List repositories smart channel --show pkcon repo-list
Add repository smart channel --add name path
Remove repository smart channel --remove name
Source Based Distributions
Next, a table for source-based distributions. Gentoo's Portage is well-documented and widely used, but other distributionsthat are designed to be built from scratch don't often feature in the Linux media, so their package management systemsare not particularly well-known. Sorcerer, which existed even before Gentoo Linux was conceived, uses Bash scripts to"cast spells" or download, install and compile packages. Sorcerer was later forked into Lunar Linux and Source Mage
GNU/Linux, both of which are included in the table below. Unfortunately, Sorcerer doesn't offer much in terms of onlinedocumentation so it has been omitted for now.
Task portageGentoo
lunarLunar
sorcerySource Mage
Managing software
Install new software frompackage repository
emerge pkg lin pkg cast pkg
Install new software frompackage file
Update existing software emerge pkg lin pkg cast pkg
Remove unwanted software emerge -aC pkg lrm pkg dispel pkg
Updating the system
Update package list emerge --sync lin moonbase scribe updateUpdate system emerge -NuDa world lunar update sorcery upgrade
Searching for packages
Search by package name emerge --search pkg lvu search pkg gaze search -name pkg
Search by pattern emerge --search pattern lvu search pattern gaze search pattern
Search by file name equery belongs pkg gaze from file
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List installed packages qlist -I lvu installed gaze installed
Configuring access tosoftware repositories
List repositories layman -L -- scribe index
Add repository layman -a repo -- scribe add repo
Remove repository layman -d repo -- scribe remove repo
FreeBSD
Finally, a table for FreeBSD, a popular operating system offering both binary and source package management.
Task packagesFreeBSD
portsFreeBSD
Managing software
Install new software frompackage repository
pkg_add -r package cd port_dir && make && make install
Install new software frompackage file
pkg_add path_to_package --
Update existing software pkg_add path_to_package portupgrade -R pkg
Remove unwanted software pkg_delete pkg pkg_delete pkg
Updating the system freebsd-update fetch install portsnap fecth install
Update package listcsup -L 2 -h cvsup.FreeBSD.org
path_to_supfile
portsnap update
Update systemportupgrade -aportmanager -uportmaster -a
Searching for packages
Search by package name cd /usr/ports && make search pkg
Search by pattern cd /usr/ports && make search pattern
Search by file name
List installed packages pkg_info pkg_info
Configuring access tosoftware repositories
List repositories -- --
dd repository -- --
Remove repository -- --
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