P8430

NIF-0205-1033115EIM/sb

P8434

Clean Energy: Humankind’s

Challenge

The National Ignition Facility

P8435NIF-0105-10154-r231EIM/sb

Magnetic Fusion Energy Inertial Fusion Energy

Biggest challenge is making it safe, reliable, and cost effective

Fusion energy may be a future energy option

Could we build a miniaturesun on earth?

Could we build a miniaturesun on earth?

NIF-0205-10343 P8481

19521952

P8479NIF-0205-10341

8 years later in 1960, the laser was invented

8 years later in 1960, the laser was invented

NIF-0205-1034215EIM/dj

P8480

Proposal to use lasers for fusion energy

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory—1960

3 days later

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory—1960

3 days later

Proposal to use lasers for fusion energy

NIF-0104-Slide_061 P6530

ItIt seems likely!It seems likely!

NIF-0205-1033215EIM/ld

P8437

NIF-1004-09597-L2903EIM/tr

P8431

LLNLLLNL

San FranciscoSan Francisco

NIF-1004-09597-L2803EIM/tr

P8432

LLNLLLNL

National Ignition FacilityNational Ignition Facility

P7488NIF-1104-0978417EIM/tr

NIF-0105-1011821EIM/tr

P8134

P7481NIF-1104-0978317EIM/tr

P8138

NIF concentrates all the energy in a football

stadium-sized facility into a mm3

NIF-0205-10333NIF-0205-1033315EIM/dj15EIM/djNIF-0205-1033315EIM/dj

P8439P8439P8439

192 Laser Beams

Laser Specifications

Energy 1.8 MJ

Power 750 TW

⇒⇒

P8138

NIF concentrates all the energy in a football

stadium-sized facility into a mm3

NIF-0205-10234NIF-0205-1023415EIM/dj15EIM/dj

P8235P8235NIF-0205-1023415EIM/dj

P8235

MatterTemperature

RadiationTemperature

Pressures

Conditions

⇒

⇒

⇒

>3.5 × 106 K

>300 eV

>108 K~10 keV

>1011 atm

NIF-0204-08049r331EIM/ld

P8198

Laser Glass

NIF-0901-02636_89-EIM18BW/paa

Glass SlabsLRU

P6250_L1

NIF-0903-07255_r108EiM/ld

P6253 12/2/03EIM/sb

Power Amplifier

P8136NIF-0105-1012421EIM/paa

Target Chamber

NIF-0803-0711231EIM/djNIF-0803-0711231EIM/dj

Target Bay

P8207-L1-L1

NIF-0501-02172 X2235

TargetChamber

Main AmplifierFlashlamp Tests

Laser Bay 2July 2002

The National Ignition Facility

NIF-0205-1034515EIM/cls

P8484

NIF has been fired over 400 times

Energy (kJ per beam)

Po

wer

(T

W p

er b

eam

)

2ω & 3ω Performance

00.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

2 4 6 8 10 12

Haan 3ω ignition pulse

P8460NIF-0205-1033415EIM/ld

LPI

3 ns 1 ns

z (mm)-2 20

t = 1.5 ns t = 2.5 ns

z (mm)-2 20

t = 1.5 ns t = 2.5 ns t = 3.5 ns

t = 3.5 ns

Hohlraums

EOSHydro

z (mm)-2 20 NIF is steadilyNN yy

developing a large ddev rgerange of experimental ental ental rangerange

capabilities

The National Ignition Facility

P8482

Repetition frequency 10–4 HzElectrical efficiency 0.5%

NIF

Fusion Reactor

Repetition frequency 10 HzElectrical efficiency 10%

Is NIF a precursor to an IFE plant?

NIF-0105-10159-r131EIM/cld

The National Ignition Facility

1.8MJ UV

NIF is about 5 orders of magnitude more energetic than its earliest predecessor

NIF-0105-1016615EIM/dj

10KJ IR

30KJ UV

100J IRJanus

P8203

Shiva

Nova

NIF

P8462-L2

Remaining Challenge:— Rep rate— Efficiency

NIF-0205-10346NIF-0205-1034615EIM/dj15EIM/djNIF-0205-1034615EIM/dj

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 5 10

Ou

tpu

t E

ner

gy

(J)

Number of Shots (x 103)

15 20 25

55 J at 3.3 Hz for > 5.5 hours

Mercury Laser

at LLNL

The National Ignition Facility

NIF is based on 1960’s — 1990’s laser technology

NIF-0205-10177-r1 -L101EIM/cld

P8475P####-L2 P8476

Glass

Flashlamps

Glass

KDP

Air cooling

Discrete Spatial Filters

-L3 P8477

These technologies result in a low rep rate,low efficiency laser fusion driver

The National Ignition Facility

IFE laser will be based on 1960’s — 2020’s technology

NIF-0205-10176-r1-L101MLS/cld

P8472

All present in low rep rate, low efficicency, laser driveAll present in low rep rate, low efficicency, laser drive

P####-L2 P8473

DiodesFlashlamps

Glass

KDP

Air cooling

Discrete Spatial Filters

Glass/Ceramics/Crystals

DKDP

He cooling

Rugate reflectors

-L3 P8474

These “plug and play” modifications to NIF architecture could increase rep rate by 100,000x and efficiency by 40x

The National Ignition Facility

Diodes are significantly more energy efficient than flashlamps

NIF-0205-1033615EIM/dj

P8467

DiodesFlashlamps

10% electrical-optical efficiency

60% electrical-optical efficiency

The National Ignition Facility

Projected diode costs support economic IFE driver

NIF-0205-1033715EIM/tr

P8468

1994

1997

2001

2007

2020

Mercuryprice

“Soft” quoteof 35¢/W

IFE goal

60% learning curve

100

10

0

0.1

0.0110K 100K 1M

Cumulative bars

Pri

ce (

$/W

)

10M 100M

The National Ignition Facility

Optional IFE configuration

NIF-0205-10302 -L110SM/cld

P8470

NIF architecture supports — Direct drive — Fast ignition

-L2 P8471

The National Ignition Facility

P8469

Leveraging the NIF provide a near-term pathwayto the demonstration of an IRE beam line

NIF-0205-1033815EIM/tr

2025

2020

2015

2010

2005

2000 NIF Early Light

Mercury – 100 J/10Hz

NIF Ignition Campaign

– Direct Drive Ignition– Fast Ignition R&D– Diode pumped NIF beam line– IRE beam line demonstration

IFE

The National Ignition Facility

P8486NIF-0205-1034710/EIM/cls

NIF: Visions becoming reality

1960’s 2000’s

Ignition in 2010 Golden Anniversary of the Laser!