Ozone CEL140 Part 1

8/10/2019 Ozone CEL140 Part 1

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Ground level Ozone : Issues andconcerns in India

31st Jan 2014

IIT- Delhi

Sumit Sharma, Fellow, TERIEarth Science and Climate Change

Decentralized Electricity Solutions

Sustainable Habitats

Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology

Bio-Technology & Bio-ResourcesWater Resources Industrial Energy EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security

Social Transformation

Environment Education & Youth ServicesSustainable Development Outreach

Modeling & Economic Analysis

Centre for Environmental studiesCentre for Environmental studies


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Our atmosphereOur atmosphere

r o u on: ny a mosp er c cons uen presen as a resu o an ropogen cactivity or natural processes that causes adverse effects to humans,animals, vegetation, or materials.

Earth Science and Climate Change










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Air pollutionAir pollution-- certainly not a new problemcertainly not a new problem1700-1840 ( Steam engine, Industrial revolution)

100 time increase in Britain coalconsum tion durin 1800-1900 leadin to 7times more deaths due to air pollution inBritain than world-wide (Clapp, 1994)Industries centered around coal combustiondeveloped globally (US, Europe, Japan,Australia, Russia, S. Africa)3 primary causes of death in Cincinnati 1881

, , -lung related

- ,Railway Clauses Consolidated Act, Public

Health Acts1875,1891, Smoke Abatement Act, , .











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Air pollution disastersAir pollution disasters London Smog of 1952 : 4,000

excess deaths

replaced by diesel-powered buses

combustion of oil and coal-factoriesMeteorological conditions

, , ,

Bhopal Gas Tragedy

Smog (= smoke + fog): still aroblem in man cities world-wide

: Atlanta, LA, Houston, Mexico City,Tokyo, Beijing, Athens, etc.











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Critical air pollution episodesCritical air pollution episodes











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Air pollutionAir pollution- - How it worksHow it works

em stry

Emissions

Pollutant Distributions

Meteorology

r ua y ea mpac s











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Pollutant formations and impactsPollutant formations and impacts











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PollutantsPollutantsPollutants Sources Effects

Nitrogen dioxide Combustion processes (heating, Bronchitis in asthmatic children.,

Particulate Matter(PM2.5, PM10)

Major sources are vehicles,

industrial sources, domestic fuel-

Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, lung cancer, ALRI,

COPD., ,

Carbon monoxide(CO)

Incomplete fuel combustion (as inmotor vehicles)

Reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood, causesheadaches, nausea, dizziness. Can lead to death at high levels

up ur ox e(SO2)

urnng o su ur-con anng uesfor heating, power & vehicles.

ec s respraory sys em an ung unc on. oug ng, mucussecretion, asthma and chronic bronchitis. Causes acid rain.

Lead Petrol and industry (such as Affects intellectual development of children, and at very high, . , .

Benzene Combustion & distribution- petrol. Exposure over a long time can lead to cancer

1, 3 Butadiene Petrol and diesel combustion Exposure over a long time can lead to cancer.Ozone formed by the reaction of NOx

and (VOCs) in sunlightBreathing problems, asthma, reduce lung function. Ozoneis one of the most damaging pollutants for plants.










t1

t2


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Slide 9

t1 chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseteri, 15-10-2010

t2 Acute lower respiratory infecitonteri, 15-10-2010


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GL Ozone formationGL Ozone formation

O 3 O 2UV radiation Stratosphere

Troposphere

O 3NO

h

NO

OHHO 2, RO 2, s

Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions



Bio-Technology & Bio-ResourcesWater Resources

Industrial Energy EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security






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Why it is a global concern ?Why it is a global concern ?











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GLO warms also GLO warms also











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PM2.5 is 5th Leading Mortality Risk FactorPM2.5 is 5th Leading Mortality Risk Factor

Ambient PM 2.5caused anestimated

, eat s 6% of alldeaths in 2010

GBD-Lancet, 2012











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Effects on crop productivityEffects on crop productivity

Reduced photosynthetic activities due to exposure to Ozone

,











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Air PollutionAir Pollution-- Indian contextIndian context











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Growth of IndiaGrowth of India

mes

3.5 times

50 times











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Urban centresUrban centres

agglomerates

47 cities withpopulation morethan 1 million











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New DelhiNew Delhi











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Older fleetsOlder fleets











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Air quality inAir quality in IndiaIndia

10

1

e n c e

0.1 E x c e

e

.

SO2 NOx RSPM









Centre for Environmental studiesCentre for Environmental studies Source: CPCB,NAMP dataMore than 80% cities violate the standards of RSPM


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Satellite view (AOD)Satellite view (AOD)











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Urban air ualit DelhiUrban air ualit Delhi - - PM10PM10 xx ve c esve c es

vehiclesShift industries











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Ozone in DelhiOzone in Delhi











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OzoneOzone- - Civil lines(Delhi) (9Civil lines(Delhi) (9- -1414 thth Feb 2013)Feb 2013)











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OzoneOzone- - R.K.R.K. PuramPuram (Delhi) (9(Delhi) (9- -1414 thth Feb 2013)Feb 2013)











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Diurnal variationsDiurnal variations- - O3O3

50

60

30

40

c e n

t r a

t i o n

10

20 C o

0 0 6

1 2

1 8 0 6

1 2

1 8 0 6

1 2

1 8 0 6

1 2

1 8

O3 (ppb) NO2 (ppm) NO (ppm)

Higher values during daytime 6-7 am GMT= 11:30- 12:30 AM ISTEarth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions










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OzoneOzone simulationssimulations










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Ozone CEL140 Part 1