Oxyfuel Combustion TechnologyOxyfuel Combustion Technologyand CCSand CCS

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A Technology in Transition

John TopperOperating Agent – IEA GHG

ANL ANL -- EERC StudyEERC StudyWorld’s 1st OxyWorld’s 1st Oxy--Coal Combustion Industrial Pilot S cale StudyCoal Combustion Industrial Pilot Scale Study

Tower Furnace (~ 3MWth)Tower Furnace (~ 3MWth)

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Current State of the Technology – Past, Present to Future

Industrial Scale Experiment

2008

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� ANL/EERC (USA): 1982-1987 3.0 MWt Coal

� Joule Thermie (EU): 1992-1996 3.0 & 35 MWt Coal

� IHI (Japan): 1992-2000 1.2 MWt Coal

� B&W /AL (USA): 2000-2005 1.2 MWt Coal

� Alstom (USA): 2004-2005 3.0 MWt CFB/Coal

� Kimberlina (USA): 2002-2006 15.0 MWt NG

� Jupiter (USA): 2007-2009 15.0 MWt NG/Coal

� B&W CEDF (USA): 2006-2008 30.0 MWt Coal

Industrial Scale Experiments

2008

Pilot Plants and Industrial ScaleExperiments

2012

Current State of the Technology – Past, Present to Future

PILOT PLANTS with CO2 Capture and Storage

� Vattenfall (Germany): 2008 30 MWt Lignite/Coal

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t

Schwarze Pumpe

� Total (France): 2008 30 MWt NG

� CS Energy (Australia): 2010 90 MWt Coal

Callide Project

� CIUDEN (Spain): 2010 30 MWt Anthracite/Coal/

Coke

Industrial Large Scale Oxyfuel Testing Facilities

� Babcock & Wilcox (USA) 2007 30 MWt Coal

� Doosan Babcock (UK) 2009 40 MWt Coal

� Alstom (USA) 2009 15 MWt Coal

� Hitachi Babcock (DE) 2011 30 MWt Coal

Industrial Scale Experiments

2008

Pilot Plants and Industrial Scale Experiments

2012

Current State of the Technology – Past, Present to Future

� Vattenfall (Janschwalde, Germany) 2014

Demonstration Power Plant

2020

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� Vattenfall (Janschwalde, Germany) 2014

� 300 MWe Oxy-PC

� Endesa/CIUDEN (Compostilla, Spain) 2015

� 300 MWe Oxy-CFB

� KOSEP / KEPRI (Yong Dong, S. Korea) 2018

� 100 MWe Oxy-PC

� Black Hills Power / B&W (Wyoming, USA)

� 100 MWe Oxy-PC

� NY State Power / Praxair (Jamestown, USA)

� 50 - 75 MWe Oxy-CFB

PROJECT Location MW th Start Up Year Boiler Type Main Fuel CO 2 Train

B & W USA 30 2007 Pilot PC Bit, Sub B., Lig.

Jupiter USA 20 2007 Industr. No FGR NG, Coal

Oxy-coal UK UK 40 2009 Pilot PC Bituminous

Alstom (Windsor Facility) USA 15 2009 Pilot PC (Tangential) Bit., Sub B., PRB

Vattenfall Germany 30 2008 Pilot PC Lignite (Bit.) With CCS

Total, Lacq France 30 2009 Industrial boiler NG With CCS

Callide Australia 90 2010 30 MWe PC Bituminous With CCS

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Callide Australia 90 2010 30 MWe PC Bituminous With CCS

CIUDEN – PC Spain 20 2010 Pilot PC Anthra. Bit, Lig. Coke With CCS

CIUDEN – CFB Spain 30 2010 Pilot CFB Anthra. Bit, Lig. Coke With CCS

ENEL HP Oxy Italy 48 2012 Pilot Plant Coal

HBPA – Michigan / Praxair USA 225 2014? ~75 MWe CFB Bit. With CCS

Vattenfall (Janschwalde) Germany ~1000 2014? ~300 MWe PC Lignite (Bit.) With CCS

Endesa/CIUDEN Spain ~1000 2015? ~300 MWe CFB? ? With CCS

Black Hills Power/B&W/AL USA ~400 2015? ~100 MWe PC With CCS

KOSEP/KEPRI Yongdong Korea ~400 2018? ~100 MWe PC ? ?

Vattenfall’s 30MW oxy fuel plant

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CallideCallide AA –– Queensland,Queensland, AustraliaAustralia

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Courtesy of CS Energy

Oxycoal2 Oxycoal2 -- Demonstration of Demonstration of OxycoalOxycoal combustion system for combustion system for coal fired power plantscoal fired power plants

• Convert Doosan Babcock’s full-scale burner test facility to oxyfuel firing

• Oxygen supply• Flue gas recycle system (fans, ducts, cooler, heate r, etc.)

• Instrumentation

• Design and build full-scale utility Oxycoal burner• Derived from air-firing experience, CFD modelling a nd Oxyfuel R+D

• Demonstrate a full-scale utility Oxycoal burner• Flame stability, combustion efficiency, emissions, flame shape, and heat transfer characteristics as function of %CO 2 recycle and excess oxygen

• Start-up, shut down, transition from air to oxyfuel , load change

Italian CCS activities Italian CCS activities –– OxyOxy--fuel combustion fuel combustion –– CCS2, Brindisi CCS2, Brindisi

Pilot plant• Pressurised oxy-fuel technology• Test programme (3 and 5 MW th

test facilities)

Demonstration plant

ENEL-Livorno

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Demonstration plant• Full scale combustor(48 MWth) combustion tests at Brindisi

• Commercial operations 2011

• Data used for 35-70 MWe PCC-basedzero emissions oxy-coal power plant(2012)

Courtesy ENEL

ITEA –Gioia del Colle

Brindisidemo

Tomorrow Tomorrow and the fit and the fit with Longer with Longer Term Term RoadmapsRoadmaps

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• 750MWe (net) unit

• 3938 psig / 1081 0F / 1077 0F

• BMCR steam flow 5,484,600 lbs/hr

• Sub-bituminous and high sulfur bituminous coal

• Specific attention to combustion flexibility and avoidance of furnace wall corrosion

LG&E, Trimble County 2, Kentucky, USA (courtesy Doosan Babcock)LG&E, Trimble County 2, Kentucky, USA (courtesy Doosan Babcock)

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of furnace wall corrosion

• Boiler island scope includes pulverizers, fans, airheater, SCR, low NOx burners

• NOx 0.04 lb/mmBtu

• Designed for ease of construction

• End user E.ON - US

• Contract Awarded May 2006

• In service 2010

Advanced Supercritical Boiler Advanced Supercritical Boiler Technology with Technology with OxyfiringOxyfiring

750MW ASC Doosan Babcock boiler – Trimble County E.ON USA

Burners, typically 50 x 40MW

Flue

The burners are critical to the combustion, emissions and thermal performance of utility boilers

Over 45GWe Low NOx burners installed worldwide since 1988

Oxycoal burner will utilise this extensive operational experience

Full scale testing of burners has been of critical importance

Air firing:

Coal +O2 +4N2

Air firing:

CO2 +4N2 FGD

CO2 Recycle line

Oxy firing:

Coal + O2 + xCO2

Oxy firing:

CO2

CO2

Clean and compressionfrom

ASU

Pipeline

Current position (2009)

2009-2015

2015-2017

2017-2020

2020-2025

2025-2030

Post-2030

POST-COMB CAPTURE: LARGE DEMOS 85% CAPTURE INCLUDING RETROFITS USING SCRUBBING R&D & PILOTS ON PCC AND CFBC: develop/improve chemical solvents; laboratory work on post comb capture using dry systems

FIRST COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS, >85% CAPTURE, ALL 3 MAIN METHODS OF CAPTURE, NEW PLANTS AND RETROFITS

COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SYSTEMS, 90%+ CO2 CAPTURE, EFFICIENCIES 40-45%, NET, LHV. POST COMBUSTION CAPTURE: GREATLY REDUCED WATER CONSUMPTION FROM VARIOUS SYSTEMS. OXY-COAL: VARIOUS SYSTEMS UP TO 700˚C STEAM; INTEGRATED ITM.

POST-COMB CAPTURE: Supporting R&D: new solvents, membrane contacting systems with novel solvents, solid absorbents or adsorbents

COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS 90%+ CAPTURE. POST-COMB CAPTURE: NEW SOLVENTS; MEMB CONTACTING; SOLID ABSORBENTS, ADSORBENTS OXY-COAL 650˚C STEAM SYSTEMS. PRE-COMB CAPTURE WITH H-CLASS GTs WITH ULTRA-LOW NOx ON H2 GENERAL: REDUCED ENERGY USE

OXY-COAL: LARGE DEMOS INCLUDING RETROFITS.

OXY-COAL: SUPERCRITICAL FULL

POST-COMB CAPTURE: LARGE DEMOS 85% CAPTURE INCLUDING RETROFITS USING SCRUBBING R&D & PILOTS: test advanced solvents, dry systems. Capture slipstream on 35MPa/700°C/720°C unit.

POST-COMB CAPTURE: ADVANCED DEMOS >85% CAPTURE INC RETROFITS. R&D: advanced solvents membrane contactors dry absorption, adsorption

4 LARGE SCALE CAPTURE DEMONSTRATIONS ON NON-POWER PLANTS CAPTURE EXPERIENCE IN CERTAIN INDUSTRIES AND FOR FOOD PROCESSING NUMBER OF PILOT CAPTURE PLANTS

OXY-COAL: LARGE AND MEDIUM DEMOS AND PILOTS. R&D: process modelling,

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CHEMICAL LOOPING: lab tests on O2 carriers. All CCS: energy efficient compressors

INTEGRATED ITM. PRE-COMB CAPTURE: HIGH SPEC GTs WITH ULTRA-LOW NOX ON H2; MEMBRANES; SHIFT MEMBRANE REACTORS; ADVANCED IGCC CYCLES WITH ITM; IG FUEL CELLS. CHEMICAL LOOPING SYSTEMS

OXY-COAL: 650-700˚C STEAM DEMO; ITM OXY-COAL PILOT USING INTEGRATED MEMBRANE BOILER. R&D: supporting studies

PRE-COMB CAPTURE: DEMO SHIFT MEMBRANE REACTORS; DEMO GASIFICATION FUEL CELL CYCLES FOR CCS; DEMO NOVEL GASIFICATION-BASED CYCLES; DEMO ITM IGCC CCS Supporting R&D

REDUCED ENERGY USE OF CO2 CAPTURE AND COMPRESSION

RETROFITS. R&D: process modelling, heat transfer modelling; materials for higher temp systems. Pilot low recycle CFBC

PRE-COMB CAPTURE: ADVANCED SOLVENTS >85% CAPTURE FULL FLOW DEMOS R&D: air-extracting GTS for hydrogen, shift with low steam requ’t, pilot membranes, membrane reactors, gasification fuel cell cycles, advanced gasifiers, novel IGCC cycles

CHEMICAL LOOPING: small pilot tests and supporting R&D. All CCS: energy efficient comps

FLOW DEMOS. R&D: test boiler sections 650-700˚C steam; concepts for ITM incorporation; improved boiler geometries

CHEMICAL LOOPING: PILOT TESTS and supporting R&D

CHEMICAL LOOPING: SMALL PILOT TESTS, R&D on O2 carriers. All CCS: energy efficient compressors

PRE-COMB CAPTURE: LARGE DEMOS. R&D: new solvents, membranes, adsorption systems

PRE-COMB CAPTURE: LARGE DEMOS 85% CAPTURE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SCRUBBING R&D: H2 combusting GTs, slipstream tests on memb separation, lab test membranes and membrane reactors, advanced gasifiers

PRE-COMB CAPTURE R&D: H-class GTs for high H2 fuels, pilot shift membrane reactors, novel IGCC cycles, pilot ITM IGCC

R&D: process modelling, combustion studies, materials studies; characteris’n NOx, SO2, mercury removal; low gas recycle rate with CFBC

OXY-COAL: PILOT 650-700˚C steam. PILOT oxy-coal with ITM in two reactors. R&D: supporting studies

CHEMICAL LOOPING: DEMOS and supporting R&D