18
Bob Clift Integrity One Investigations Consulting and Training, LLC. Bob Bob Bob Bob Cl Cl ift ift ift Int nt Int n egr egr gr egrity ity ity On On One I eI e Inve nve nve esti sti sti tigat gat gat ation ion ion io s s s Con Con Con o sul sul sultin tin tin ing a ga ga g and nd n nd Tra Tra Traini ini ining n ng, LL LL LLC. Deterring Contract Crime and Employee Misconduct; A Proactive Approach Bob Clift Association of Inspectors General Certified Inspector General Institute August 2021 www.i1ict.com Learning Objectives Certified Inspector General Institute - Understand the foundation for the Rational Choice Theory - Learn the application of Rational Choice Theory to reduce crime or misconduct - Learn the secondary value of prevention programs as a detection method - Learn marketing methods for deterrence programs www.i1ict.com Overview Certified Inspector General Institute What is Rational Choice Theory? Why Do We Need It? An Example Deterrence Program The Secondary Value of a Deterrence Program www.i1ict.com www.i1ict.com Certified Inspector General Institute What Is Rational Choice Theory Analysis by two classical theorists 1. The human is a rational actor 2. People freely choose all behavior based on their rational calculations 3. The central element is a cost/benefit analysis (Pleasure v. Pain) 4. Choice will be directed toward the maximization of pleasure 5. Choice can be controlled through perception and understanding of potential pain Robert O. Keel, The Evolution of Classical Theory; Rational Choice, Incapacitation, and Just Desert

Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

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Page 1: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

Bob

Clift

Inte

grity

One

Inve

stig

atio

ns

Cons

ultin

g an

d Tr

aini

ng, L

LC.

Bob

Bob

Bob

Bob

ClClCiftiftift

IntntIntneg

reg

rgregrit

yityityO

nO

nO

ne IeI

e In

venve

nvees

tisti

stitig

atgat

gatatio

nio

nio

nio

s s sCo

nCo

nCo

nosu

lsu

lsu

ltintintinin

g a

ga

ga

g an

dndnndTr

aTr

aTr

ainiin

iin

ingnng

,LLLLLLC.

Dete

rrin

g Co

ntra

ct C

rime

and

Empl

oyee

M

iscon

duct

; A

Proa

ctiv

e Ap

proa

ch

Bob

Clif

t

Ass

ocia

tion

of In

spec

tors

G

ener

al

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

Aug

ust 2

021

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Lear

ning

Obj

ectiv

esC

ertif

ied

Insp

ecto

r Gen

eral

Inst

itute

-U

nder

stan

d th

e fo

unda

tion

for t

he R

atio

nal C

hoic

e Th

eory

-Le

arn

the

appl

icat

ion

of R

atio

nal C

hoic

e Th

eory

to

redu

ce c

rime

or m

isco

nduc

t

-Le

arn

the

seco

ndar

y va

lue

of p

reve

ntio

n pr

ogra

ms

as a

det

ectio

n m

etho

d

-Le

arn

mar

ketin

g m

etho

ds fo

r det

erre

nce

prog

ram

s

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Ove

rvie

wC

ertif

ied

Insp

ecto

r Gen

eral

Inst

itute

Wha

t is

Rat

iona

l C

hoic

e Th

eory

?

Why

Do

We

Nee

d It?

An E

xam

ple

Det

erre

nce

Prog

ram

The

Seco

ndar

y Va

lue

of a

D

eter

renc

e Pr

ogra

m

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

Wha

t Is

Rat

iona

l Cho

ice

Theo

ry

Anal

ysis

by

two

clas

sica

l the

oris

ts1.

The

hum

an is

a ra

tiona

l act

or2.

Peop

le fr

eely

cho

ose

all b

ehav

ior b

ased

on

thei

r ra

tiona

l cal

cula

tions

3.Th

e ce

ntra

l ele

men

tis

a co

st/b

enef

it an

alys

is (P

leas

ure

v. P

ain)

4.C

hoic

e w

ill be

dire

cted

tow

ard

the

max

imiz

atio

n of

pl

easu

re5.

Cho

ice

can

be c

ontro

lled

thro

ugh

perc

eptio

n an

d un

ders

tand

ing

of p

oten

tial p

ain

Rob

ert O

. Kee

l, Th

e Ev

olut

ion

of C

lass

ical

The

ory;

Rat

iona

l Cho

ice,

Inca

paci

tatio

n, a

nd J

ust D

eser

t

Page 2: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

Wha

t Is

Rat

iona

l Cho

ice

Theo

ry

City

Col

lege

of L

ondo

n

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

Wha

t Is

Rat

iona

l Cho

ice

Theo

ry

“In s

hort,

bef

ore

choo

sing

to c

omm

it a

crim

e, th

e re

ason

ing

crim

inal

eva

luat

es th

e ris

k of

app

rehe

nsio

n,

the

serio

usne

ss o

f the

exp

ecte

d pu

nish

men

t, th

e va

lue

of th

e cr

imin

al e

nter

pris

e, a

nd h

is o

r her

eva

luat

ion

of

the

imm

edia

te n

eed

for c

rimin

al g

ain.

Larry

Sie

gel,

Crim

inol

ogy,

4th

ed.,

Wes

t pub

lishi

ng, 1

992

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

Wha

t Is

Rat

iona

l Cho

ice

Theo

ryTh

e Fo

cus

is o

n tw

o ty

pes

of d

eter

renc

e •

Gen

eral

Det

erre

nce

•To

redu

ce th

e pr

obab

ility

of d

evia

nce

in th

e ge

nera

l po

pula

tion

•Ex

ampl

e: D

UI c

rack

dow

ns

•Sp

ecifi

c D

eter

renc

e•

Puni

shin

g kn

own

devi

ants

to p

reve

nt th

em fr

om

enga

ging

in c

rime

or b

y im

pact

ing

thei

r rat

iona

l de

cisi

on m

akin

g pr

oces

s.•

Exam

ple:

Man

dato

ry a

rrest

s fo

r cer

tain

beh

avio

rs li

ke

dom

estic

vio

lenc

eKe

el, 2

000

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

Wha

t Is

Rat

iona

l Cho

ice

Theo

ry

•G

ener

al D

eter

renc

e–

Obt

ain

a su

ppor

tive

“Ton

e at

the

Top”

–Es

tabl

ish

a vi

sibl

e aw

aren

ess

prog

ram

–Fo

cus

on e

mpl

oyee

s an

d ex

tern

al p

artn

ers

–Id

entif

y hi

gh v

alue

“tar

gets

”–

Incl

ude

rule

s, s

ome

basi

cs–

Prov

ide

exam

ples

–Se

t rep

ortin

g ex

pect

atio

ns

Page 3: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

Wha

t Is

Rat

iona

l Cho

ice

Theo

ry

•Sp

ecifi

c D

eter

renc

e–

Esta

blis

h ef

fect

ive

polic

ies

and

proc

edur

es

that

pro

scrib

e de

vian

t beh

avio

rs–

Prod

uce

actio

nabl

e re

ports

–Id

entif

y cu

stom

ers

and

ensu

re th

ey h

ave

wha

t th

ey n

eed

to ta

ke a

ctio

n in

pro

ved

case

s–

Cap

ture

exa

mpl

es o

f mis

cond

uct f

or u

se a

s ge

nera

l det

erre

nce

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

Wha

t Is

Rat

iona

l Cho

ice

Theo

ry

Opp

ortu

nity

Rat

iona

lizat

ion

Pres

sure

/Ince

ntiv

e

Frau

d Tr

iang

le

Dona

ld R

. Cre

ssey

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

Wha

t Is

Rat

iona

l Cho

ice

Theo

ry

Opp

ortu

nity

Rat

iona

lizat

ion

Pres

sure

/Ince

ntiv

e

Frau

d Tr

iang

le

Dona

ld R

. Cre

ssey

Will

I be

ca

ught

?

(per

cept

ion

of d

etec

tion)

No

Plea

sure

-

Do

It!Ye

s

Pain

-

Don

’t D

o It!

Page 4: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

Ove

rvie

w

•W

hat i

s R

atio

nal C

hoic

e Th

eory

?

•W

hy D

o W

e N

eed

It?

•An

Exa

mpl

e D

eter

renc

e Pr

ogra

m

•Th

e Se

cond

ary

Valu

e of

a

Det

erre

nce

Prog

ram

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

teW

hy D

o W

e N

eed

It?

Natio

nal B

usin

ess E

thics

Sur

vey

of th

e U.

S. W

orkf

orce

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

teW

hy D

o W

e N

eed

It?

Natio

nal B

usin

ess E

thics

Sur

vey

of th

e U.

S. W

orkf

orce

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

teW

hy D

o W

e N

eed

It?

•AC

FE G

loba

l Fra

ud S

tudy

:–

Empl

oyee

edu

catio

n is

the

foun

datio

n of

pr

even

ting

and

dete

ctin

g oc

cupa

tiona

l fra

ud.

–O

rgan

izat

ions

that

hav

e an

ti-fra

ud tr

aini

ng fo

r em

ploy

ees

and

man

ager

s ex

perie

nce

low

er

fraud

loss

es.

Rep

ort t

o th

e N

atio

ns o

n O

ccup

atio

nal F

raud

and

Abu

se

Page 5: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

teW

hy D

o W

e N

eed

It?

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

teW

hy D

o W

e N

eed

It?

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

Ove

rvie

w

•W

hat i

s R

atio

nal C

hoic

e Th

eory

?

•W

hy D

o W

e N

eed

It?

•An

Exa

mpl

e D

eter

renc

e Pr

ogra

m•

The

Seco

ndar

y Va

lue

of a

Det

erre

nce

Prog

ram

Page 6: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

Con

trac

t Crim

e an

d Em

ploy

ee M

isco

nduc

t Aw

aren

ess

Prep

ared

for

An E

xam

ple

Audi

ence

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

fTR

ANSP

ORT

ATIO

N

Ove

rvie

w

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

The

Bas

ics

The

Rul

es

Exam

ples

Why

Be

Con

cern

ed

Wha

t You

Can

Do

Why

We’

re In

volv

ed

Org

aniz

atio

nal S

truc

ture

Flor

ida

Dep

artm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Perf

orm

ance

an

d IT

Aud

it

Con

trac

t Aud

it

Inte

rmod

al A

udit

Empl

oyee

M

isco

nduc

t

Con

trac

t Fr

aud

Qua

lity

Ass

uran

ce a

nd

Ope

ratio

nal S

uppo

rt

Gov

erno

r’s C

hief

Insp

ecto

r Gen

eral

Inve

stig

atio

nsA

udits

Insp

ecto

r Gen

eral

FDO

T Se

cret

ary

The

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Sect

ion

20.0

55, F

lorid

a St

atut

es

•Ev

ery

Stat

e Ag

ency

will

hav

e an

OIG

Purp

ose

•Pr

omot

e ac

coun

tabi

lity,

inte

grity

, and

ef

ficie

ncy

in g

over

nmen

t.Ac

tiviti

es•

Audi

ts

•In

vest

igat

ions

Page 7: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

Frau

d is…

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

resu

lts

in a

n in

jury

alw

ays

inte

ntio

nal

alw

ays

inclu

des a

lie

a de

ceitf

ul

prac

tice

Com

mon

Myt

hs

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

•M

ost p

eopl

e w

ill n

ot co

mm

it fra

ud•

Frau

d is

not m

ater

ial

•Fr

aud

is us

ually

wel

l con

ceal

ed•

We

can’

t do

bette

r at d

etec

ting

fraud

•Pr

osec

utio

n de

ters

oth

ers

Myt

h Bu

ster

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Mar

tha

Stew

art

gain

ed $

46,0

00

by u

sing

insi

de

info

rmat

ion.

Mar

tha

Stew

art

Livi

ng

Om

nim

edia

shar

ehol

ders

lost

$7

50,0

00,0

00

afte

r Mar

tha’

s ar

rest

and

pu

blic

ity!

So w

hat i

s…

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offic

e of

Insp

ecto

r Gen

eral

Page 8: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

Actin

g w

ith In

tegr

ity

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

IND

IVID

UA

L VA

LUE

S D

RIV

EN

B

EH

AVIO

R

Valu

es Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

•Ex

ampl

es o

f Val

ues:

Fairn

ess

Hone

sty

Resp

onsib

ility

Resp

ect

Com

pass

ion

Appl

icatio

n sh

ould

be

in a

ll ar

eas o

f life

: pe

rson

al, f

amily

, wor

k, so

cial,

etc.

Valu

es Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

•Va

lues

are

prin

ciple

s tha

t may

be

deriv

ed fr

om:

Relig

ious

bel

iefs

Ph

iloso

phica

l und

erst

andi

ngs

Fam

ily b

ackg

roun

d Lif

e ex

perie

nces

Are

Ther

e Un

iver

sal V

alue

s?

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Yes

How

wou

ld y

ou w

ant t

o be

trea

ted?

The

Gold

en R

ule

Do u

nto

othe

rs a

s you

wou

ld h

ave

them

do

unto

you

.

Page 9: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

Actin

g w

ith In

tegr

ity

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

IND

IVID

UA

L VA

LUE

S D

RIV

EN

B

EH

AVIO

R

LEG

AL

RE

QU

IRE

ME

NTS

Lega

l Req

uire

men

ts

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

•Co

de o

f Eth

ics fo

r Pub

lic O

ffice

rs,

Sect

ions

112

.311

–112

.326

, F.S

.•

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Ethi

cs

Polic

y (0

01-0

10-0

20)

•Co

nduc

t of E

mpl

oyee

s, Ru

le 6

0L-3

6,

Flor

ida

Adm

inist

rativ

e Co

de

Cond

uct o

f Em

ploy

ees

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

•Em

ploy

ees s

hall

mai

ntai

n hi

gh st

anda

rds

of h

ones

ty, i

nteg

rity,

and

impa

rtia

lity.

•Em

ploy

ees s

hall

plac

e th

e in

tere

sts o

f th

e pu

blic

ahea

d of

per

sona

l int

eres

ts.

•Em

ploy

ees s

hall

not u

se, o

r atte

mpt

to

use,

thei

r offi

cial p

ositi

on fo

r per

sona

l ga

in o

r con

fiden

tial i

nfor

mat

ion

for

pers

onal

adv

anta

ge.

60L3

6.00

5 (f)

2

FDOT

Pol

icie

s

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

•Em

ploy

ees m

ust r

epor

t wro

ngdo

ing

•Al

lega

tions

will

be

inve

stig

ated

pr

ompt

ly•

OIG

is a

liai

son

for o

utsid

e ag

encie

s•

Empl

oyee

s mus

t coo

pera

te•

Reta

liatio

n fo

r rep

ortin

g is

proh

ibite

d

Inte

grity

In G

over

nmen

t -To

pic

No.

001

-450

-003

-a

Coo

pera

tion

With

Offi

cial

Age

ncy

Inve

stig

atio

ns -

Topi

c N

o. 0

01-4

50-0

02-d

Page 10: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

Actin

g w

ith In

tegr

ity

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

IND

IVID

UA

L VA

LUE

S D

RIV

EN

B

EH

AVIO

R

LEG

AL

RE

QU

IRE

ME

NTS

PRO

FE

SSIO

NA

L PR

ESC

RIP

TIO

NS

Prof

essio

nal P

resc

riptio

ns

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

•Sh

ared

valu

es o

f you

r pro

fess

ion

Exam

ples

: •

Asso

ciatio

n of

Gov

ernm

ent

Acco

unta

nt’s

Code

of E

thics

•Fl

orid

a Ba

r Rul

es o

f Pr

ofes

siona

l Con

duct

•Na

tiona

l Soc

iety

of

Prof

essio

nal E

ngin

eers

Co

de o

f Eth

ics

Prof

essio

nal P

resc

riptio

ns

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Shar

ed v

alue

s of y

our p

rofe

ssio

n

Natio

nal S

ocie

ty o

f Pro

fess

iona

l Eng

inee

rs

Code

of E

thics

Engi

neer

s sha

ll no

t per

mit

the

use

of th

eir

nam

e or

ass

ocia

te in

bus

ines

s ven

ture

s w

ith a

ny p

erso

n or

firm

that

they

bel

ieve

ar

e en

gage

d in

frau

dule

nt o

r dish

ones

t en

terp

rise.

Wha

t is A

ctin

g w

ith In

tegr

ity?

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

IND

IVID

UA

L VA

LUE

S D

RIV

EN

B

EH

AVIO

R

LEG

AL

RE

QU

IRE

ME

NTS

PRO

FE

SSIO

NA

L PR

ESC

RIP

TIO

NS

L U

ALU

ES

IVE

NIV

EN

HH

AVIO

R

LEG

EQ

UIR

RE

Q

ESS

IO

Inte

grity

Page 11: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Choo

sing

right

ov

er w

rong

, et

hics

ove

r co

nven

ienc

e, a

nd

trut

h ov

er

popu

larit

y…

thes

e ar

e ch

oice

s th

at m

easu

re

your

life

.

Wha

t is A

ctin

g w

ith In

tegr

ity?

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

How

Goo

d Pe

ople

Mak

e To

ugh

Choi

ces

Rig

ht v

ersu

s R

ight

…th

e he

art

of o

ur

toug

hest

de

cisi

ons.

…th

e re

al

ethi

cal

dile

mm

as

Rig

ht v

ersu

s W

rong

…m

oral

te

mpt

atio

ns

“The

clo

ser y

ou

get t

he m

ore

they

sm

ell.”

Rush

wor

thM

. Kid

der

The

Help

ful C

ontr

acto

r

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Bid

Rigg

ing

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

An A

nony

mou

s Com

plai

nant

Alle

ged:

•A

field

supe

rviso

r tol

d hi

s frie

nd, w

ho

had

subm

itted

a b

id fo

r tre

e tr

imm

ing,

of

the

low

est s

ubm

itted

quo

te.

•Th

e fri

end

subm

itted

a se

cond

, low

er b

id.

•Th

e fri

end

was

aw

arde

d th

e co

ntra

ct.

Page 12: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

Bid

Rigg

ing

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Inve

stig

atio

n Re

veal

ed:

•Th

e su

perv

isor o

nly

invi

ted

his f

riend

to

view

the

wor

k at

the

job

site

prio

r to

bid.

•O

ther

em

ploy

ees h

ad k

now

ledg

e of

the

frien

d’s s

econ

d bi

d.•

Reco

rds o

f pho

ne ca

lls b

etw

een

the

supe

rviso

r and

his

frien

d.•

Ten

min

utes

afte

r one

call,

the

frien

d em

aile

d th

e se

cond

bid

.

Bid

Rigg

ing

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Resu

lts:

•Th

e su

perv

isor a

dmitt

ed to

solic

iting

a

seco

nd b

id fr

om h

is fri

end.

•He

was

not

ified

of t

he d

epar

tmen

t’s

inte

nt to

dism

iss.

•He

resig

ned

in li

eu o

f ter

min

atio

n.

Brib

ery/

Mon

ey L

aund

erin

g

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

An E

mpl

oyee

Alle

ged:

•Th

e de

part

men

t pai

d a

loca

l bus

ines

s $4

50,0

00 fo

r rel

ocat

ion

and

stor

age

spac

e.•

The

busin

ess h

ad n

ot m

oved

and

the

stor

age

spac

e le

ased

was

too

smal

l for

the

prop

erty

clai

med

.•

A sin

gle

Righ

t of W

ay A

gent

app

rove

d th

e su

spici

ous r

eloc

atio

n an

d st

orag

e ex

pens

es.

Brib

ery/

Mon

ey L

aund

erin

g

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Inve

stig

atio

n Re

veal

ed:

•Th

e bu

sines

s nev

er m

oved

and

the

stor

age

facil

ity w

as n

ever

use

d.•

The

ROW

Age

nt cr

eate

d fra

udul

ent c

laim

s in

collu

sion

with

the

busin

ess o

wne

rs.

•Th

e bu

sines

s rec

eive

d ov

er $

450,

000

from

the

depa

rtm

ent a

nd p

aid

the

ROW

Ag

ent $

30,0

00 in

brib

es.

Page 13: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

Brib

ery/

Mon

ey L

aund

erin

g

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Resu

lts (B

usin

ess O

wne

rs):

•Co

oper

ated

with

inve

stig

atio

n•

Pled

gui

lty a

nd w

as se

nten

ced

to:

Five

yea

rs p

roba

tion

$240

,000

in re

stitu

tion

Brib

ery/

Mon

ey L

aund

erin

g

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Resu

lts (R

OW

Age

nt):

•Pl

ed g

uilty

and

was

sent

ence

d to

:Th

ree

Year

s in

Fede

ral P

rison

$240

,000

in re

stitu

tion

Civi

l Pen

alty

of $

30,0

00Tw

o ye

ars p

roba

tion

•Lo

ss o

f Pen

sion

Brib

ery

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Cons

ulta

nt In

spec

tor N

otifi

ed th

e O

IG:

•Tu

rnpi

ke co

ntra

ctor

offe

red

him

a

brib

e•

Prop

osed

the

insp

ecto

r cer

tify

tree

s w

ere

rem

oved

-w

ork

that

had

not

be

en d

one

•Su

gges

ted

mon

ey m

ight

be

in it

for

the

insp

ecto

r

Brib

ery

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Inve

stig

atio

n di

sclo

sed:

•A

prio

r offe

r of a

$50

0 ca

sh g

ift•

A vi

deo-

tape

d su

rvei

llanc

e•

A ne

w b

ribe

offe

r

Page 14: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

Brib

ery

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Resu

lts:

•Se

ized

$500

0 in

evi

denc

e •

The

cont

ract

or w

as a

rres

ted

on th

e sc

ene

•Ch

arge

s file

d by

the

Stat

ewid

e Pr

osec

utor

•Th

e co

ntra

ctor

ent

ered

a n

o co

ntes

t ple

a•

Sent

ence

d to

5 y

ears

of p

roba

tion

•En

tere

d on

Sta

te’s

Conv

icted

Ven

dor L

ist•

Addi

tiona

l ban

on

busin

ess w

ith F

DOT

Brib

ery

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Brib

ery

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Why

Sho

uld

I Car

e?

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

•La

ws

•Ag

ency

Pol

icies

•Le

gisla

tive

Ove

rsig

ht•

Futu

re P

roje

cts

•Et

hics

and

Val

ues

•Pu

blic

Trus

t

Page 15: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

It’s o

ur lo

ss

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

of a

n or

gani

zatio

ns a

sset

s ar

e lo

st to

frau

d1

Wha

t doe

s th

at m

ean

for F

DO

T?•

FDOT

bud

get =

$10

bill

ion

•Ho

w m

uch

coul

d w

e lo

se?

FDOT

bud

get =

$10

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1As

soci

atio

n of

Cer

tifie

d Fr

aud

Exam

iner

s

Why

Sho

uld

I Car

e?

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

y Sh

ould

I Ca

re?

FDO

T Em

ploy

ees

Step

s you

can

take

….

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Incr

ease

you

r aw

aren

ess

Prot

ect y

our c

redi

bilit

y Ac

t whe

n ap

prop

riate

e AN

D

Rep

ort

Rep

ort

Rep

ort

R

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

Page 16: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

The

Code

of t

he W

est

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

1.Liv

e Ea

ch D

ay W

ith C

oura

ge

2.Ta

ke P

ride

In Yo

ur W

ork

3.Al

way

s Fin

ish W

hat Y

ou S

tart

4.Do

Wha

t Has

To B

e Do

ne

5.Be

Toug

h, B

ut Fa

ir

6.W

hen

You

Mak

e A

Prom

ise, K

eep

It

7.Ri

de F

or T

he B

rand

8.Ta

lk Le

ss A

nd S

ay M

ore

9.Re

mem

ber T

hat S

ome

Thin

gs A

ren’

t For

Sal

e

10.K

now

Whe

re To

Dra

w T

he Li

ne

Conc

lusio

n

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

The

Bas

ics;

Fra

ud a

nd In

tegr

ity

The

Rul

es

Exam

ples

Why

Be

Con

cern

ed

Wha

t You

Can

Do

Why

We’

re In

volv

ed

Way

s to

Repo

rt C

once

rns

Flor

ida

Depa

rtm

ent o

f Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Offi

ce o

f Ins

pect

or G

ener

al

•Te

leph

one

(Hot

line)

1-8

00-2

55-8

099

•M

ail

•In

Per

son

•Em

ail

•W

eb P

age

•Re

ferr

als

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

Ove

rvie

w

•W

hat i

s R

atio

nal C

hoic

e Th

eory

?

•W

hy D

o W

e N

eed

It?

•An

Exa

mpl

e D

eter

renc

e Pr

ogra

m

•Th

e Se

cond

ary

Valu

e of

a

Det

erre

nce

Prog

ram

Page 17: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

Det

erre

nce

Prog

ram

s as

Det

ectio

n M

etho

ds

•If

you

can’

t det

er c

rime

and

mis

cond

uct,

wha

t is

your

nex

t bes

t rec

ours

e?

The

mis

sion

of t

he In

vest

igat

ions

Sec

tion

is

to d

eter

, det

ect,

and

inve

stig

ate

inte

rnal

and

ex

tern

al c

rimes

or m

isco

nduc

t

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

Det

erre

nce

Prog

ram

s as

Det

ectio

n M

etho

ds

•H

ow m

any

peop

le w

ho c

ould

giv

e yo

u re

ports

of

crim

e or

mis

cond

uct c

an y

ou p

ut y

ours

elf i

n fro

nt

of w

ith a

n aw

aren

ess

prog

ram

?

•H

ow m

any

of th

ose

peop

le m

ay c

ome

up to

you

af

terw

ard

and

ask

you

a qu

estio

n th

at w

ill le

ad y

ou

to a

n of

fens

e?

Rev

iew

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

The

cent

ral e

lem

ent i

n R

atio

nal C

hoic

e Th

eory

is:

a.Th

e hu

man

is a

ratio

nal a

ctor

b.Th

e sw

iftne

ss, s

ever

ity, a

nd c

erta

inty

of

puni

shm

ent

c.A

cost

/ben

efit

anal

ysis

(ple

asur

e v.

pai

n)d.

The

Cre

ssey

Fra

ud T

riang

le

Rev

iew

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Spec

ific

dete

rrenc

e as

refe

renc

ed in

Rai

onal

Cho

ice

Theo

ry__

____

____

____

_:

a.Pu

nish

es k

now

n de

vian

ts to

pre

vent

them

from

en

gagi

ng in

crim

e.b.

Dem

onst

rate

s a

supp

ortiv

e “to

ne a

t the

top.

”c.

Esta

blis

hes

a vi

sibl

e aw

aren

ess

prog

ram

.d.

Red

uces

the

prob

abilit

y of

dev

ianc

e in

the

gene

ral p

opul

atio

n.

Page 18: Overview What is Rational Choice Theory?

Rev

iew

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

The

Asso

ciat

ion

of C

ertif

ied

Frau

d Ex

amin

ers

says

the

mos

t effe

ctiv

e fra

ud p

reve

ntio

n m

etho

d m

ay w

ell b

e:

a.In

stal

ling

and

mon

itorin

g C

CTV

in h

igh

risk

area

s.b.

Incr

easi

ng th

e pe

rcep

tion

of d

etec

tion.

c.Pu

blis

hing

pol

icie

s an

d pr

oced

ures

that

pro

hibi

t fra

ud in

the

agen

cy.

d.In

crea

sing

the

num

ber o

f CFE

s in

the

orga

niza

tion.

Rev

iew

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

The

seco

ndar

y va

lue

of a

frau

d pr

even

tion

prog

ram

is

____

____

____

_:a.

Dem

onst

ratin

g to

you

r age

ncy

that

you

are

co

mm

itted

to u

ncov

erin

g fra

ud.

b.W

orki

ng jo

int c

ases

with

par

tner

s in

oth

er

agen

cies

.c.

Addi

ng w

ork

activ

ities

that

dem

onst

rate

the

valu

e of

the

OIG

.d.

The

info

rmat

ion

your

sta

ff w

ill re

ceiv

e w

hen

cond

uctin

g aw

aren

ess

brie

fings

.

Con

clus

ion

Cer

tifie

d In

spec

tor G

ener

al In

stitu

te

Wha

t is

Rat

iona

l C

hoic

e Th

eory

?

Why

Do

We

Nee

d It?

An E

xam

ple

Det

erre

nce

Prog

ram

The

Seco

ndar

y Va

lue

of a

D

eter

renc

e Pr

ogra

m

ww

w.i1

ict.c

om

Bob

Clift

Inte

grity

One

Inve

stig

atio

ns

Cons

ultin

g an

d Tr

aini

ng, L

LC.

Bob

Bob

Bob

Bob

ClClCiftiftift

IntntIntneg

reg

rgregrit

yityityO

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