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Overview of the project’s transition assessment: Insights on Cost-Revenue Analyses, Feasibility and Environmental Assessments.
The EU-funded paperChain project aims at deploying five circular economy models valorising wastes generated by Pulp and Paper Industries (PPI) as secondary raw materials for three resource intensive sectors: buildings and roads construction sector, mining sector, and chemical industry.
As partner in the PaperChain project, LGI released last December the project’s transition assessment, key element of any circular economy project, assessing the benefits and disadvantages of both linear and circular models. This assessment has been carried out using a stakeholders’ map, a cost-revenue analysis and environmental, social and feasibility assessments for each case. Finally, key determinants that lead to successful transition towards circular economy were identified.
The deliverable is confidential, however, we are authorised to publish some insights on the pilot cases. In this assessment overview, you’ll find, for each case:
• The case’s objective • A brief presentation of the stakeholders and their role • A representation of both the linear and circular models, and an overview of their
main differences • A basic Cost-Revenue Analysis (CRA),
along with the main conclusions on the CRA, the qualitative feasibility and environmental assessments, and the transition determinants and enablers.
For any further question, please contact us.
Visit paperChain webiste: www.paperchain.eu
Replacing part of the usual aggregates for concrete preparation with Kraft production wastes (lime mud ash coming from the causticizing step)
MAIN DIFFERENCES Linear model Circular model
Inputs Raw materials (Natural fillers) Natural fillers + lime mud ash powder Outputs Usual Pre-cast concrete Pre-cast concrete with lime mud ash
Processes Landfilling Waste transportation to SPRAL Storage at SPRAL
BASIC COST-REVENUE ANALYSIS STEPS Costs – linear Costs – Circular
Landfilling Landfills costs
Waste management cost paid to DILUMEX
Authorisation costs Waste declassification
Raw materials acquisition
Costs to acquire Pre-cast concrete components from
RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIER
Costs to acquire (and transport) pre-cast concrete components, including this time,
lime mud ashes from NAVIGATOR Pre-cast production
OPEX of the usual pre-cast concrete OPEX of the new pre-cast concrete
STEPS Revenues – linear Revenues – Circular
Valorisation SPRAL’s sales of usual pre-cast concrete
SPRAL’s sales of new and usual pre-cast concrete
Replacing part of the asphalt mixture’s usual aggregates with Kraft production wastes - Green Liquor Dregs (GLDs) and slaker grits coming from the causticizing step
MAIN DIFFERENCES Linear Circular
Inputs Natural aggregates Dregs and grits (up to a certain percentage) Outputs Usual asphalt mixture New asphalt mixture
Processes Landfilling
(Pre-)treatment of dregs & grits Storage
Waste transportation New mixture preparation process
BASIC COST-REVENUE ANALYSIS STEPS Costs – linear Costs – Circular
Landfilling Landfills costs
Waste management cost paid to DILUMEX
Authorisation costs Waste declassification
Transport Transporting dregs & grits from NAVIGATOR to DILUMEX and from DILUMEX to CENTRAL
Asphalt mixture production
Buying natural aggregates & bitumen + mixture OPEX
Buying treated dregs & grits from DILUMEX + new mixture OPEX
STEPS Revenues – linear Revenues – Circular
Valorisation MEGAVIA’s sales of usual asphalt mixture
MEGAVIA’s sales of new and usual asphalt mixture
Developing alternative binders for soil stabilisation in road construction projects with ashes produced in PPI waste energy recovery
MAIN DIFFERENCES Linear Circular
Inputs Quicklime, cement Fly and bottom ashes (FA, BA)
Outputs Usual normal Hardening Road Binders (nHRB) New nHRBs with FA and BA
Processes Waste Paper Ash storage
Landfilling of WPA Binders purchase
New WPA storage Quality control
WPA transport to Acciona Slightly different soil-cement construction in
the circular case
BASIC COST-REVENUE ANALYSIS STEPS Costs – linear Costs – Circular
WPA landfilling Transport costs and taxes
WPA storage Storage OPEX FA and BA storage CAPEX and OPEX
Other costs Quality controls and other fees / costs (quality technical report, CE marking…)
Materials acquisition Binders purchases Ashes (BA, FA) purchases from SAICA and
transport to ACCIONA Road construction OPEX of the different layers New OPEX
STEPS Revenues – linear Revenues – Circular Road construction service
Sales of road construction service
Using ash sludge to create a new material called MUDIPEL to be applied on railway slope for stabilisation
MAIN DIFFERENCES Linear Circular
Inputs Natural backfill material MUDIPEL Outputs Usual retaining wall New retaining wall with MUDIPEL
Processes Landfill and other construction materials
Mixing DPA and DPS (Deinking Paper Ashes and Sludge) with water,
Compacting MUDIPEL transport from VIPAP to DUSAN
HOLESEK
BASIC COST-REVENUE ANALYSIS STEPS Costs – linear Costs – Circular
Waste valorisation and disposal
Waste management of DPA & DPS + OPEX of construction
materials CAPEX and OPEX of MUDIPEL
Materials acquisition
Purchase of concrete, gabions, and natural materials Purchase of MUDIPEL
MUDIPEL transport Transport costs from VIPAP to DUSAN HOLESEK
STEPS Revenues – linear Revenues – Circular
Valorisation Sales of retaining wall, sales of other construction materials Sales of retaining wall with MUDIPEL
Using fibre sludge to produce Ethyl chloride used for the production of Bermocoll
MAIN DIFFERENCES Linear Circular
Inputs EtCL from Germany
Special grade cellulose NaOH
Enzymes for fiber sludge hydrolysis
Outputs Usual Bermocoll Pile of fiber sludges Circular Bermocoll
Processes Bermocoll production Fiber sludge storage
Increased production of bio-EtOH Production of HCl Production of EtCl
Production of circular Bermocoll
BASIC COST-REVENUE ANALYSIS STEPS Costs – linear Costs – Circular
Waste disposal Fiber sludge storage Production of Bio-EtOH, EtCl and specific cellulose
CAPEXs and OPEXs
Production of Bermocoll
Purchase of EtOH and cellulose + usual OPEX New OPEX
STEPS Revenues – linear Revenues – Circular Product sales Sales of usual and circular Bermocoll
Improving local till - and sometimes replacing bentonite - which are the usual elements of sealing layers, with Green Liquor Dregs (GLD) from the pulp and paper industry, to mitigate Acid Rock Drainage in sulphide-bearing mines.
MAIN DIFFERENCES Linear Circular
Inputs Local till or local till + bentonite Local till + GLDs
Outputs Sealing layer with till/till + bentonite Efficient sealing layer with till + GLDs
Processes Landfilling Blending
Compaction process
Partial landfilling Additional transport Additional storage
New blending New compaction process
BASIC COST-REVENUE ANALYSIS STEPS Costs – linear Costs – Circular
Landfill Transport costs, landfill OPEX costs
Waste transport
Transport to landfill or RAGN-SELLS Transport to RAGN-SELLS
Sealing layer construction
Extraction and blending of local till / bentonite
Storage, blending of GLDs and local till Transport from RAGN-SELLS to BOLIDEN
STEPS Revenues – linear Revenues – Circular
Sealing Use of usual sealing layer or new, more efficient sealing layer -> increased profitability
(1) https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/law-and-regulations/innovation-friendly-legislation_en
(2) https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/law-and-regulations/innovation-friendly-legislation/identifying-barriers_en