Wisconsin Coastal GIS Applications ProjectDavid Hart

University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Instituteand

Land Information and Computer Graphics Facility,University of Wisconsin-Madison

Overview of the Presentationn Background on the Wisconsin Coastal GIS Applications

Projectn Role of the Wisconsin Land Information Programn Coastal GIS Training and “Teaching Models”n Data Integrationn Dynamic and Distributed GISn GIS for Coastal Development

The Wisconsin Idean The Wisconsin Idea can be defined as “the University’s

direct contribution to the state; to the government in the form of serving in office, offering advice about public policy, providing information and exercising technical skill, and to citizens in the forms of doing research directed at solving problems that are important to the state and conducting outreach activities.”

n “The boundaries of the University are the boundaries of the state.”

WI Coastal GIS Applications Project

“To teach the application of GIS and related spatial technologies to local government staff and elected officials, to be able to move towards sustainable use of the Great Lakes coastal resources”

n GIS Training for Local Government Professional Staff and Elected Officials

n Coastal GIS Application Development Assistance and Technology Transfer

n Assistance to Sea Grant Advisory Services Specialists (water quality, coastal engineering, fisheries, economic development,...)

A Sea Grant/LICGF Partnershipn UW Sea Grant College Program

– A statewide program of basic and applied research, education and technology transfer dedicated to the wise stewardship and sustainable use of Great lakes and ocean resources.

n UW-Madison, Land Information and Computer Graphics Facility– A laboratory for research, instruction, and

outreach of geographic and land information systems (GIS/LIS)

n A cooperative venture started in 1995.

Wisconsin Land Info Programproperty records

soils information

parcel surveys

floodplainstax records

A network of Land Information Systems From the bottom up

• Local• State• Federal

WLIP Overviewn The Wisconsin Land Information Program (WLIP) is a

state-wide program enacted in 1990 to foster local government, multipurpose land information systems.

n Revenue is generated by a $6 increase in the fee for recording the first page of property transaction documents.

n Creation of a land info office and preparation of a land records modernization plan.

n Technical and institutional foundational elements.

WLIP Foundational Elementsn Technical Foundational Elements

– geographic reference framework (geodetic control, base maps, digital orthophotos)

– parcels– wetlands– soils– zoning– new: street networks, admin boundaries, land use

n Institutional Foundational Elements– institutional arrangements– communication, education, and training– public access arrangements

WLIP Revenues

n Through June 2000, over $71 million has been generated by the WLIP.

n An equivalent amount in local funds has been invested in land records modernization ($71 million WLIP + another $71 million local).

n Coastal counties (the 15 counties that border the Great Lakes in Wisconsin) account for 39% of the population of the state, 20% of the area, and 33% of the WLIP revenues generated.

WLIP Revenue by County, 91-00WLIP Revenue 1991-2000

Under $500,000$500,000 to $999,999$1,000,000 to $1,999,999$2,000,000 and Over

Digital Parcel Mapping in Wisconsin

Digital Parcel Mapping in Wisconsin - Percent Complete

17.3% 20.2%

42.1%

57.4%

68.1%72.5%

76.9% 79.8%84.3%

no data0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Framework Survey-Private Parcels

Coastal Issues

CensusTransactionsRemote SensorsIn Situ Sensors

ShorelandDevelopment

CoastalErosion

FloodplainManagement

WaterQuality

PH

AS

E 1

PH

AS

E 3

Comprehensive Coastal Management

PH

AS

E 2

Feedback Loops

A Three-Phase Model for Coastal GIS Coastal GIS Training

Coastal GIS Needs Assessment

n Coastal GIS needs assessment in 1995 with land information staff of the 15 Great lakes coastal countiesndiscuss rationale of programndiscuss the status of land records modernization in

individual countiesndiscuss interest in specific coastal GIS applications

n Identified strong interest in GIS training

Intro to Coastal GIS Applications

Starts with a day-and-a-half Introduction to GIS using ArcView software created by Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) of Redlands, CA. ArcView is the GIS software most used by coastal managers according to a NOAA Coastal Services Center survey.Concludes with a half-day “hands-on” exercise to build a shoreland management GIS application using local government data sets for an inland lake in northern Wisconsin.Four sessions held with 49 attending

– November 95, April 96, May 96, April 98

Evaluation of the Intro Class

The evaluation of the “hands-on” coastal GIS training exercise was very positive.Those that attended appreciated that the general ArcView training was followed by customized training that used local government data sets to address an issue they were familiar with.

Coastal GIS “Teaching Models”

Several example GIS applications have been developed that utilize local government databases and serve as illustrative “teaching models”to demonstrate how GIS can be applied to specific coastal issues.

– shoreland management for an inland lake in northern Wisconsin;

– coastal erosion along Lake Michigan in Sheboygan andOzaukee Counties;

– identification of agricultural riparian buffers to reduce nonpointsource pollution of the Pigeon River (a Lake Michigan tributary in Manitowoc and Sheboygan Counties);

– floodplain management in Ozaukee County, and– urban nonpoint source pollution in Marquette, Michigan.

GIS for Shoreland & Coastal Mgmt

Specialized GIS training courses for shoreland management and coastal erosion have been developed. These courses have been offered at LICGF’s training center 12 times with a total of 143 attending.

GIS for Shoreland & Coastal Mgmt

Shoreland management and coastal erosion GIS training exercises (consisting of instructions and GIS data sets) have been placed on-line as part of the project’s web site (http://coastal.lic.wisc.edu).So far, 126 people have downloaded the data sets for theshoreland management training exercise and 363 people have downloaded data sets for the coastal erosion training exercise.The coastal erosion training exercise has been translated into Spanish and utilized in the Caribbean and has been incorporated into the curriculum of classes at the University ofWashington and St. Mary’s University of Halifax.

A specialized GIS training course for urban nonpoint source pollution has been developed.This course has been offered twice with a total of 19 people attending.An on-line GIS training exercise for this topic is in development.

GIS for Urban Nonpoint Pollution Laptop GIS Training Lab

A mobile GIS training lab, consisting of six laptop computers with ArcView GIS software, has been implemented.The laptops allow GIS training to be conducted in coastal locations, resulting in greater convenience for professional staff and decision-makers.So far, 11 GIS training sessions using the laptops have been conducted. These include sessions in Manitowoc, Bayfield, Sturgeon Bay, Racine, Kewaunee, Caledonia, Waukesha, Middleton, and LaCrosse.Training topics range from getting started with ArcView using local data sets to applications in land use and coastal erosion.

GIS for DNR Water Managers

A GIS training program has been developed for Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) water management specialists on the use of geographic information systems (GIS) to support their day-to-day activities.It is based on the coastal GIS training model, incorporating water management issues and DNR data sets into the training.The “GIS for Water Management Specialists” course has been offered six times with a total of 108 people attending.Additional GIS training has been conducted in DNR regions.

Data Integration

Testing “Bottom-Up” Coastal GISWisconsin provides an interesting backdrop for study of the acquisition and integration of large-scale digital spatial data for use in coastal management. This is due to the interaction of a networked coastal management program and the Wisconsin Land Information Program (WLIP), a statewide program to support modernization of land records and accelerate the implementation of geographic and land information systems (GIS/LIS) at the local government level.

Data Integration Research

Data integration research involves the creation of an integratedGreat Lakes coastal GIS built primarily from local government land records.The challenge is to create a synoptic data base of the coastal region from local records currently in disparate forms.The result is a highly detailed, up-to-date view of dynamic resources useful for regional decision support.

Support for the Lake Michigan Potential Damages Study

n Integrate existing large-scale digital spatial data for 1000 meter zone from the Lake Michigan shore in 11 Wisconsin counties.– Parcels– Planimetric Mapping– Topographic Mapping – Digital Orthophotos– Soils– Land Use– Land Cover

StatusofDigitalParcelMappingAlong theLakeMichiganCoast

Issues in Acquiring Digital Parcelsn Number of contact points for data requestsn Cost of data acquisitionn Time required to receive data after the request is

maden Restrictions placed on the use and dissemination

of digital data

Issues in Integrating Digital Parcelsn the media used for the transfer of filesn the size of the files receivedn the extent to which the parcel data are documentedn the software format of the digital filesn the number of map tiles comprising digital parcel

mapping for the coastal study arean the compilation methods used for digital parcel mappingn the coordinate system and datumn the data structure of the digital parcel mappingn the ability to create a linkage between digital parcels and

tax roll data to support thematic mapping

Digital ParcelMapping Integrated Along the Lake Michigan Coast of WisconsinPurple: Parcels as polygons

Green: Parcels as lines

Coastal Counties and Municipalities

Parcels as Po lygonsParcels as Lines

Linking Parcels to the Tax Roll

n The tax assessment database can be linked to digital parcel mapping through the use of a common identification number.

n Such a linkage supports thematic mapping of attributes in the tax assessment database, such as ownership and assessed value.

n With an integrated digital parcel map linked to tax assessment data, it is possible to respond to a series of questions regarding ownership of coastal areas and implications for policy-making and regulatory programs.

Shore Miles of Percent ofTotal Coastal Parcels Shore Miles

Shoreline with Linkage with LinkageJurisdiction Miles to Tax Roll to Tax RollMarinette County 28.1 - 0%Oconto County 37.5 37.5 100%Brown County 50.0 23.8 48%Door County 245.1 245.1 100%Kewaunee County 29.2 29.2 100%Manitowoc County 24.8 6.3 26% City of Two Rivers 4.6 - 0% City of Manitowoc 5.4 5.4 100%Sheboygan County 20.8 20.8 100% City of Sheboygan 5.5 5.5 100%Ozaukee County 27.8 11.5 41%Milwaukee County 19.9 - 0% City of Milwaukee 10.6 - 0%Racine County 16.2 16.2 100%Kenosha County 14.5 14.5 100%Totals 540.1 415.8 77%

Linking Parcels to the Tax Roll

Assessed Value of the Coast1000' Jurisdiction 1000' Jurisdiction 1000' Jurisdiction Land

Local Hydro Local Hydro Local Hydro ValueStudy Unit Parcels (land value) Parcels (impr value) Parcels (total value) (percent)Marinette County1 33,230,950 73,506,600 106,737,550$ 31.1%Oconto County 17,715,600$ 20,575,100$ 38,290,700$ 46.3%Brown County parcels as lines parcels as lines parcels as linesDoor County 993,054,820$ 908,584,360$ 1,901,639,180$ 52.2%Kewaunee County 32,691,220$ 70,433,430$ 103,124,650$ 31.7%Manitowoc County no local hydro no local hydro no local hydro City of Two Rivers parcels as lines parcels as lines parcels as lines City of Manitowoc 16,440,400$ 70,568,600$ 87,009,000$ 18.9%Sheboygan County 62,669,016$ 53,410,850$ 116,079,866$ 54.0% City of Sheboygan parcels as lines parcels as lines parcels as linesOzaukee County parcels as lines parcels as lines parcels as linesMilwaukee County no tax roll received no tax roll received no tax roll received City of Milwaukee parcels as lines parcels as lines parcels as lines

Racine County2 7,535,700$ 17,694,400$ 25,230,100$ 29.9%Kenosha County 75,868,100$ 176,258,500$ 252,126,600$ 30.1%Totals 1,239,205,806$ 1,391,031,840$ 2,630,237,646$ 47.1%

Distributed and Dynamic GIS Wisconsin Land Info System (WLIS)

A framework for statewide GIS dataWeb-based access to land-related informationConfederation of land information systemsSpecialized “nodes,” e.g., coastal management

Towards a Dynamic Coastal GISn Coastal ecosystems are dynamic.n Due to budget and time constraints, we often rely on

“stale data”in coastal management.n Besides keeping current with mapping of the physical

form and human use of the coast, we must monitor land transactions to understand how property rights affect coastal resources.

Towards a Distributed Coastal GISn It seems to be technically possible to create a

“distributed”coastal GIS where remote users can access digital spatial data from multiple local governments.

n Such a system could help ensure that: digital spatial data needed to address dynamic coastal issues stay up-to-date and relevant, and (2) that the widest range of potential users of coastal GIS data have access for their specific applications.

Next Steps: Dynamic & Distr. GISn Integrate new spatial data as it becomes available (e.g.

new base mapping, parcel mapping, digital orthos… )n Develop a system to archive historic data so that it can

be utilized for change analysis.n Explore the capabilities of new GIS software to link to

distributed spatial databases.n Explore mechanisms (data distribution policies, etc.)

that would allow local governments and other organizations to provide updated and current spatial data to support a horizontally and vertically integrated Lake Michigan coastal GIS.

gis

Coastal Digital Orthophoto Servern First generation coverage of digital

orthophotos for the Lake Michigan coast of Wisconsin has been completed and second generation and historical othophotos are underway.

n A web site based on the MITOrthophoto Server (http://ortho.mit.edu) has been developed to provide Web-access to digital orthophotos.

n It is accessible at:(http://www.lic.wisc.edu/mit/)

Issues in Developing aDynamic and Distributed Coastal GIS

n Cost recoveryn Concerns about liabilityn Concerns about privacyn Concerns about securityn Data documentationn Cost of the technologyn Cost and availability of technical expertisen Willingness to engage in activities that don’t directly

relate to the local government mandate

GIS for Coastal Development

One of the promising areas in applied research related to land use planning is the concept of a GIS-based "planning tool-kit.“which allows citizens to assess the fiscal, transportation, and environmental impacts of growth. Another is 3-D visualization and simulation that presents development scenarios to facilitate the interaction between citizens and planners.Research in this area helps advance the objectives of the Wisconsin "Smart Growth" legislation and is relevant to the proposed National Sea Grant Program Coastal Community Development Program.

Lessons from Shaping Dane’s Future project - Resources and Tools

•Empowering “Citizen-planners” to do land use planning•Web site (www.lic.wisc.edu/shapingdane)

– planning resource center– electronic planning facilitation

•Planning portal– annotated links to additional land use planning information

•CyberCivic – opinion registration and voting tools

Shaping Dane’s Future

• WebGIS– view data, create maps, perform queries– download data over the Internet

• Planning Toolkit– exploration– analysis– allocation– impact assessment

Impact Assessment

Water quality•construction site erosion•non-point source pollution•thermal loading

Transportation - land use interactionFiscal - local tax revenue impactsHousing - allocation, suitabilityHabitat – environmental corridors, open spaceVisual – aesthetic

Visualization

Coastal landscape fly-through, interactive

Sub-division development

Coastal erosion processes

Lake development scenarios

Computer-based tools for simulating and rendering the visual and aestheticimpacts of processes and developments in three-dimensional depictions

http://coastal.lic.wisc.edu