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Overarching application areas
1.Forecasting atmospheric composition
1. All Global NWP variables (e.g. PBL + Tropopause height) + the ones we want to add
2. Aerosols (aerosol mass, size distribution (1, 2.5, 10 micron), speciation/chem. Comp., AOD at multiple wavelengths, AAOD, water content, PM2.5, chem. comp. of PM, ratio of mass to AOD, vertical distribution of extinction), aerosol size and shape
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 1
Overarching application areas
3. Total ozone, profile ozone, surface ozone, NO, NO2 (surface, column, profile), PAN, HNO3, NH3, CO, VOC (isoprene, terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics), SO2 (surface, column), CH4, CO2, N2O, HCHO, HOx, Clx, ClO, BrO, OClO, ClONO2, HDO, HCFCs, HFCs, Rn, SF6
actinic flux, fire radiative power, land proxies, lightning, dry and wet deposition, pollen (key species), OCS
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 2
Overarching application areas
1.Monitoring of the state («health») of the atmosphere, protocols1. Assessments, verification of emissions, trends, impact on ecosystems
All Global NWP variables (e.g. PBL + Tropopause height) + the ones we want to add: SST, deep ocean temp., Solar variability, albedo, land use, soil moisture, precipitation, sea ice cover, snow cover, PSC occurrence
Aerosols (aerosol mass, size/surface distribution (1, 2.5, 10 micron), speciation/chem. Comp., AOD at multiple wavelengths, AAOD, water content, PM2.5, ratio of mass to AOD, vertical distribution of extinction), strat. aerosol, PSC composition, aerosol number, metals, chem. Comp. Of PM (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, BC, OC, OM, dust, sea salt, BS, SOA) aerosol index, refractive index, precip. Chem. composition, aerosol size and shape, Hg, POPs, primary biological particles
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 3
Total ozone, profile ozone, surface ozone, NO, NO2 (surface, column, profile), PAN, HNO3, NH3, CO, VOC (isoprene, terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics), SO2 (surface, column), CH4, CO2, N2O, N2O5, NO3, HCHO, HOx, Cly, ClO, BrO, OClO, ClONO2, HDO, HCFCs, HFCs, Halons, CH3Br, CH3Cl, BrONO2, Rn, SF6, glyoxal, methyl chloroform, H2O, H2O2, H2, O2/N2 ratio, DMS, MSA, OCS
Isotopes of CO2, methane, N2O, CO, (D, 13C, 14C, 17O, 18O, 15N) also in the aerosol phase
actinic flux, fire radiative power, land proxies, lightning, dry and wet deposition, pollen (key species), ocean colour, chlorophyl-A, LAI, PAR, FPAR, fluorescence, vegetation maps, land use maps, burned areas, night light, fire counts, wet lands, soil moisture, ship routes, forest inventory, biomass density, crop lands
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 4
Emission database (global SO2…), emission factors (lab measurements), kinetic rates
Flux measurements (CO2, CH4, VOCs, NOx, etc.)
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 5
3. Urban/population exposureLimited to the scale of a few km. Integrated services: floods, cyclones, climate
and air pollution co-benefits. Information needed on the scales from tens of metres to km, nowcasting. Needed variables to be discussed in the GURME SAG.
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 6
Forecasting Air Quality for Health and Other Uses
AQ at regional, global scales
Sand and Dust Storms
Bioaerosols
UV – health
Solar fluxes (ag & renewable energy)
Spatial vs temporal latency.
Smaller scale captured by the urban application area.
NRT vs long term archiving
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 7
Supporting Conventions and Assessments
Ozone bulletin
Ozone assessment
GHG bulletin
GEO Assessments
HTAP-like (transboundary)
Global Burden of Disease
Air quality and health of the atmosphere
Careful parsing of applications vs products
National assessments
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 8
Human health
AQ forecasting
Global burden of disease
Wellness indexes
Take note of how we support health in the other Application Areas.
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 9
Biomass Burning Risk Forecast & Analysis
Biomass emission estimates in NRT to support AQ, weather and emergency applications
Reanalysis and trends to support climate applications and assessments
This is too specific for a high level AA.
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 10
Emission estimates
Rapid updates to support forecast activities
Estimates to support policies (verification, quantification, mitigation, trends,…)
GHGs and pollutants
Make sure that these are represented in the various AAs, such as Health and Forecasting
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 11
Ecosystem and ( ? ) services
Total deposition estimates for impacts to ecosystems (e.g. agriculture (forests, crops etc)) (damage & nutrients), oceans, cryosphere, …
Connection to UV and solar radiation
Biodiversity
Parse out to existing WIGOS AAs.
Ecosystem services and biodiversity are not covered in the WIGOS list of AAs.
Impact of atm. Comp. on ecosystems
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 12
Additional applications
Re-analyses of atmospheric composition
Model verification
Air quality/climate interactions (including clouds)
Research ……
Research: Budgets, cycles
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 13
Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
Constraining 3/4 dimension distributions
Estimating radiative forcing contributions
Short-lived climate forcers already in the climate application area.
Make sure that SLCFs are represented in other areas.
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 14
“Urban-focused” applications
AQ forecasts
Haze
Urban-rural gradients (heat island,..)
Exposure forecast
Population focused applications (e.g. densely populated regions, such as SE Asia)
Operational AQ forecasting is dealt with in ?
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 16
Urban Community
Responses to Air-
borne Hazards,
Weather, and
Climate Events
Severe WeatherRisk Mapping
Air Quality Climate Extreme
Water Quality
Urb
an E
cosy
stem
& H
ealth
y
Com
mun
ity P
lann
ing
Tour
ism &
Rec
reat
ion
Urb
an O
bser
ving
Sys
tem
Secu
rity
of i
nfra
stru
ctur
e &
util
ities
DR
R &
Risk
Man
agem
ent
Publ
ic H
ealth
and
Saf
ety
Smar
t City
/Info
Diss
emin
atio
n &
Inte
ract
ion
Trans
port
atio
n
Low C
arbo
n/en
ergy
/ Bus
ines
s Con
t. Pl
anni
ng
Integrated Urban Weather and Climate Service and its
Supporting Research including User Interface for Urban Weather
Services
CMA Shanghai
Application Areas – Background (1)
test footer 18
WIGOS Applications:•Global numerical weather prediction (GNWP); •High-resolution numerical weather prediction (HRNWP); •Nowcasting and very short range forecasting (NVSRF); •Seasonal and inter-annual forecasting (SIAF); •Aeronautical meteorology; •Atmospheric chemistry; •Ocean applications; •Agricultural meteorology; •Hydrology; •Climate monitoring (as undertaken through the Global Climate Observing System, GCOS); •Climate applications; and •Space weather. •In addition, the observational requirements for WMO polar activities and the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) are also to be considered under WIGOS.
Application Areas – Background (3)
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CAS-16, which identified six emerging areas: •high impact weather; •water;• Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas Information System (IG3IS); •aerosols; •urbanization; and • new technologies, including geo/climate engineering.
GAW SIP – “Research Enabling Services”
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SSC initially identified priority services as those related to climate, high impact weather, urban (air quality/health), ecosystems, and support of conventions.
DWD Met. Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, 19 Apr 2023 page 21
Ordering applications as a function of timeliness of GAW data
Separates climate (long-term) applications from all other (short-time) applications
Long-term: „Climate mode“
- Protocol and convention monitoring- Policy/Political issues- Assessments
- validation of reanalysis runs - inverse modelling- surface flux verification
Short-term: „NRT mode“
- AQ forecasts (regional/global)- data assimilation
- forecast/analysis validation
- health- bio-aerosols- events (volcanoes, dust)- GHGs and agriculture
- high impact weather
- support of renewable energy