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10/12/2018
1
Using Power Electronics for
Electrodischarge Applications
State of the Art and Research Opportunities
José Marcos Alonso Álvarez
2008
Universidad de Oviedo, España
Grupo de Electrónica Industrial e
Iluminación Electrónica
Outline
Introduction
Load Modeling
Ballast Modeling
High Power Factor Ballasts
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
Use of Magnetic Regulators
Digital control
Transferring Results to Industry
10/12/2018
2
Universidad de Oviedo
Grupo de Electrónica Industrial
Campus de Viesques, Edificio 3
33204 – Gijón, Asturias
España
Facilities
Introduction
Power Electronics and Lighting laboratory
10/12/2018
3
Electronic
Converter
(Ballast)
Basic Idea
Primary
Source
Load
Applications:
– Discharge lamps, ozone generation,
electrostatic separators, plasma displays, arc
welding, plasma cutting machines, etc.
Introduction
Main Goals
– Discharge load modeling
– Ballast developing:
• Power factor correction
• Efficiency improvement
• New features: lower volume and weight, power
regulation and control, soft start, increase lamp
life, etc.
Introduction
http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://es.elstat.com/es/balast2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://es.elstat.com/es/cebadores.htm&h=377&w=559&sz=28&tbnid=QxuAwMqVu8IJ:&tbnh=88&tbnw=130&start=2&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbalasto%2Belectr%25C3%25B3nico%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://es.elstat.com/es/balast2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://es.elstat.com/es/cebadores.htm&h=377&w=559&sz=28&tbnid=QxuAwMqVu8IJ:&tbnh=88&tbnw=130&start=2&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbalasto%2Belectr%25C3%25B3nico%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.gabaru.com/img/sylv-2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.gabaru.com/sylv-5.htm&h=162&w=199&sz=8&tbnid=koFJq8dyLrIJ:&tbnh=80&tbnw=98&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhalogenuros%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.gabaru.com/img/sylv-2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.gabaru.com/sylv-5.htm&h=162&w=199&sz=8&tbnid=koFJq8dyLrIJ:&tbnh=80&tbnw=98&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhalogenuros%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.agrienergia.com/electri/fotos/torre_electrica.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.agrienergia.com/electri/cat/index_contingut.html&h=171&w=256&sz=28&tbnid=G3B6k9ZrVD0J:&tbnh=71&tbnw=106&start=49&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dred%2Bel%25C3%25A9ctrica%26start%3D40%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.agrienergia.com/electri/fotos/torre_electrica.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.agrienergia.com/electri/cat/index_contingut.html&h=171&w=256&sz=28&tbnid=G3B6k9ZrVD0J:&tbnh=71&tbnw=106&start=49&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dred%2Bel%25C3%25A9ctrica%26start%3D40%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.chirkindustry.com/images/Default/ozone_generator.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.chirkindustry.com/&h=398&w=433&sz=21&tbnid=ZS5ySdeGiucJ:&tbnh=113&tbnw=122&start=13&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dozone%2Bgenerator%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.chirkindustry.com/images/Default/ozone_generator.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.chirkindustry.com/&h=398&w=433&sz=21&tbnid=ZS5ySdeGiucJ:&tbnh=113&tbnw=122&start=13&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dozone%2Bgenerator%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.electritienda.com/media/mercurio.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.electritienda.com/es/dept_143.html&h=125&w=119&sz=3&tbnid=WRclz4t7YWgJ:&tbnh=82&tbnw=79&start=19&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dl%25C3%25A1mpara%2Bde%2Bmercurio%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.electritienda.com/media/mercurio.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.electritienda.com/es/dept_143.html&h=125&w=119&sz=3&tbnid=WRclz4t7YWgJ:&tbnh=82&tbnw=79&start=19&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dl%25C3%25A1mpara%2Bde%2Bmercurio%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://img.musiciansfriend.com/dbase/pics/products/80/800750.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ishopwiz.com/3/3-0416.html&h=350&w=411&sz=13&tbnid=rd5mjL9HIU0J:&tbnh=102&tbnw=120&start=8&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddischarge%2Blamp%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://img.musiciansfriend.com/dbase/pics/products/80/800750.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ishopwiz.com/3/3-0416.html&h=350&w=411&sz=13&tbnid=rd5mjL9HIU0J:&tbnh=102&tbnw=120&start=8&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddischarge%2Blamp%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.chirkindustry.com/images/Default/ozone_generator.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.chirkindustry.com/&h=398&w=433&sz=21&tbnid=ZS5ySdeGiucJ:&tbnh=113&tbnw=122&start=13&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dozone%2Bgenerator%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.chirkindustry.com/images/Default/ozone_generator.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.chirkindustry.com/&h=398&w=433&sz=21&tbnid=ZS5ySdeGiucJ:&tbnh=113&tbnw=122&start=13&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dozone%2Bgenerator%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8
10/12/2018
4
Outline
Introduction
Load Modeling
Ballast Modeling
High Power Factor Ballasts
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
Use of Magnetic Regulators
Digital control
Transferring Results to Industry
Goals
Improve the knowledge on load behaviour
Allows the converter optimum design with a minimum of
laboratory tests
Predict the changes in the load operation point due to
possible perturbations
Make possible the study of the interaction between
converter and load
Load Modeling
10/12/2018
5
Discharge Lamps
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05-200
-100
0
100
200
(V) (A)
t (s)
-4
4
-2
2
Vla Ila
200 100 0 100 200-4
-2
0
2
4
Ila (A)
Vla (V)
0
(a)
0 10200
100
0
100
200
t ( s )
Vla
Ila(A)
-4
4
-2
2
0
20 30 40 50
m
(V)
200 100 0 100 2003
1.5
0
1.5
3
Ila (A)
Vla (V)
(b)
50 Hz
50 kHz
Load Modeling
Models
Static:
– Provide the steady state behaviour
Dynamic:
– Provide the behaviour during a transient:
• Great signal
• Small signal
Load Modeling
10/12/2018
6
Static Models
As a function of lamp power:
– Hyperbolic Approx.:
– Woo’s model:
BP
AR B
P
AR
C
0 200 400 600 800 10001
2
3
4
5
RL
F4T5
PTUBE
138 W
0 200 400 600 800 10001
2
3
4
5
RL
F4T5
PTUBE
138 W
2
III PCPBA)P(I
PBA)P(V VV
Load Modeling
Great Signal ModelsMader – Horn’s model
sPs1
1sP LL
LLL P,IFV
0L
2
0L
PP
VPR
0 5 10 15 200
2500
5000
7500
10000
RLA
P (W)LA
V =100V0P =1W0W
10
20
15
EL
EK RK
30 40
GP RP CP
(a) (b)
EK 30 20 Value={Vo*Vo/(V(40,20)+Po)}
.subckt lamp 10 20
+ params: Vo=100 Po=1 Tau=0.3m
EL 10 15 Value={V(30,20)*I(VS)}
VS 15 20 0
RK 30 20 1
GP 20 40 Value={V(10,20)*I(VS)}
RP 40 20 1
CP 40 20 {Tau}
.ends
VS
20ms 25ms 30ms 35ms 40ms 45ms 50ms 55ms 60ms
Timev(2) i(lb)*50 v(1)
200
0
-200
-150V -100V -50V -0V 50V 100V 150V
v(2)i(lb)
3.0A
2.0A
1.0A
0A
-1.0A
-2.0A
(b) (c)
1 22a
LAMP
V =100 V0P =1 W00.3ms
Vg
0
Vg 1 0 SIN(0 325 50)
Rb 1 2a 100
Lb 2a 2 500mH
XLA 2 0 LAMP
.tran 0.1m 60m 0 0.1m
(a)
Rb Lb
Load Modeling
10/12/2018
7
Small Signal Dynamic Models
Deng – Cuk’s model
– Define the lamp incremental impedance:
I
V
î
v̂Zl
Allows the study of
lamp-ballast
interaction.
Load Modeling
Modeling of O3 Generators
~kVO2 O3
Electrode
Electrode
Dielectric
+ High voltages: ~5kV - 20kV
+ High O3 yielding: up to 200 grO3/kWh with O2
– Risk of electric failure, especially in humid environments
High Voltage Dielectric Barrier Discharge:
Load Modeling
10/12/2018
8
O3 Generators under Test
300 mm
280 mm
Borosilicato
Malla de acero
inoxidable
Lámina acero
(espesor 0.2
mm)
Ozonizador tipo A
Ozonizador tipo B250 mm
200 mm
230 mm
4mm
180 mm
Borosilicato Láminas de acero
inoxidable
(espesor 0.2 mm)
5 mm
1 mm
1 mm
23 mm
0.3 mm
Load Modeling
Low Frequency Model
Cd
Cg
T1
T2
Vdis
O3 Generator
THPEAKDISdOG VVfVCP 2
Dielectric Capacitance
Gap Capacitance
Discharge Voltage
Load Modeling
10/12/2018
9
Low Frequency Waveforms
VoltageCurrent
Power
Voltage
Charge
Load Modeling
Test Bench
Amplificador
RF
Tensión
Corriente
GND
Osciloscopio
1 :
120
Cámara de ensayo
Concentrador
de O2
Entrada
O2
Salida
O3
0.5 l.p.m
OG
Analizador de O3
Válvula de
regulación
Carga
C
Load Modeling
10/12/2018
10
High Frequency Waveforms
Voltage
CH1=5000V CH2=100mV
Current
Power
Load Modeling
Outline
Introduction
Load Modeling
Ballast Modeling
High Power Factor Ballasts
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
Use of Magnetic Regulators
Digital control
Transferring Results to Industry
10/12/2018
11
GoalsTo know the behavior of the converter (ballast):
– Static
– Dynamic
Study the behavior of the arrangement lamp +
ballast:
– Abnormal or unstable behavior can be detected
Allows the ballast to be designed for closed loop
operation:
– Lamp power regulation
– Implies regulator design
Computer simulation
– Open loop
– Closed loop
Ballast modeling
Static and Dynamic Modeling
Generalized Averaged Method
Useful for modeling any power converter, including
electronic ballasts
Can be used to model converters that exhibit high ripple
waveforms
Based on the use of the exponential Fourier series
The Fourier series coefficients are used as state
variables
The model order, complexity and accuracy are
proportional to the number of harmonics considered in
the analysis.
Ballast modeling
10/12/2018
12
k
)Tt(jk
ke)t(x)Tt(x
The waveform x(t) in the interval (t-T, t] is approximated by the
exponential Fourier series:
Where:
T
2 T,0
de)Tt(xT1
)t(x)Tt(jkT
0k
Coefficients are the model state variables
Time waves can be obtained from these coeffcients
The model order is equal to twice the number of coefficients taken
into account
kx
Real
Aprox.
Continuous Wave AC Wave
Methodology
Ballast modeling
Dynamic Response
w
1 103
1 104
1 105
1 106200
100
0
100
200
w
20
1 103
1 104
1 105
1 10660
40
20
0
ue R=1000
R=500
R=212
G
ueG
180
R=1000
R=500
R=212
)s(E
)s(u)s(G
Cpico
ue
Ballast modeling
10/12/2018
13
Outline
Introduction
Load Modeling
Ballast Modeling
High Power Factor Ballasts
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
Use of Magnetic Regulators
Digital control
Transferring Results to Industry
GoalsSupply the lamps from the main AC voltage
Reduction of low frequency harmonic content to be
injected to the mains:
– Better use of distribution equipment
– Reduction of interference to other loads
Compete with old electromagnetic technology
– Robustness and fiability
– High power factor
– Poor features: power regulation, soft start, etc.
Important: A reduction in the number of components
and in the control circuitry is mandatory to reduce cost.
High Power Factor Ballasts
10/12/2018
14
Standard UNE EN 61000-3-2Class A: 3 Equipment, Tools, etc.
Class B: Portable tools, soldering equipment.
Class C: Lighting
Class D: Computers, TV
Orden del Armónico
n
Corriente armónica máxima admisible expresada en porcentaje de
la corriente de entrada a la frecuencia fundamental
%
2
3
5
7
9
11 n 39
(sólo armónicos impares)
2
30*
10
7
5
3
* es el factor de potencia
Clase C (P > 25W)
High Power Factor Ballasts
Introduction
AC
vgv
LA
LAMP
RESONANT
INVERTER
AC
vg
FPC
STAGE C 0RESONANT
INVERTER
vLA
LAMP
PROBLEM:
Lamp power
fluctuates at line
frequency
Lamp power
is stable
No Filter
Capacitance
Solution
High Power Factor Ballasts
10/12/2018
15
Active Power Factor Correctors
Lower size and
weight
Lower cost for
high power
Additional
features
Buck - Boost
(a)
-
+
AC C 0
D
L
Q
L
AC C 0
D
Q
+
-
AC C 0
+
-
Q
D
(b) (c)
(a)
-
+
AC C 0
D
L
Q
L
AC C 0
D
Q
+
-
AC C 0
+
-
Q
D
(b) (c)
Flyback
Boost
High Power Factor Ballasts
Integrated Topologies
ETAPA
CFPINVERSOR
AC B.F.
RED
+
BUS CC
LAMPARA
AC A.F
BALASTO
DE UNASOLA ETAPA
+
(a)
(b)
AC B.F.
RED LAMPARA
AC A.F
Reduction in active
components
Simpler control
circuit
Lower cost
High Power Factor Ballasts
10/12/2018
16
Integrated Boost-Half Bridge
AC
AC
Q3
Q1
Q2
D1
D2
D3L
Lr
CrR
LA
RLA
CF
CF
Q1
Q2
D1
D2
D3
L
Lr
Cr
(a)
(b)
High Power Factor Ballasts
Integrated Buck-Half Bridge
AC+
D0 C0
CR
LR
CFR LA
+
Q1D1
Q2
D2
L0
Q0
AC
+D0 C0
CR
LR
CFR LA
+
Q1D1
Q2
D2
L0
(a)
D3
V sin tg
V sin tg -V0
-V0
High Power Factor Ballasts
10/12/2018
17
Current Shaper
Vo
Vs
t
q
ig
t
t
vg
Vo Vs
2
vs
Ig
(t)
(t)
REDINVERSOR
RESONANTE LAMPARA
VS
RS
Conformador
CO
vg VO
vsig
High Power Factor Ballasts
Example:
+
MAIN
AC
Q1 D1
Q2 D2
CF
LR
CR LAMP
L D
L1
D3
D4
C1
1 N1
N2
High Power Factor Ballasts
10/12/2018
18
Outline
Introduction
Load Modeling
Ballast Modeling
High Power Factor Ballasts
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
Use of Magnetic Regulators
Digital control
Transferring Results to Industry
GoalsBeing able to supply high intensity discharge lamps
using high frequency converters ( > 20kHz )
Reduction of ballast volume and weight
Incorporate new features not available in magnetic
technology
– Optimization of starting process
– Optimization of warming-up phase
– Lamp power control and regulation (dimming)
Increase lamp life
Target lamps: high press. sodium, metal halide
Characterization of lamp acoustic resonances
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
10/12/2018
19
The Problem of Acoustic Resonances
t
P)1k(pc
t
p
t
p V222
2
Wave Equation:
ESTABLE
RESONANCIA LONGITUDINAL
RESONANCIA RADIAL
p, pressure
P, power
t, time
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
Typical AR Spectra
100 200 500 1k 2 5 10k 20 50 100 250k50Hz
100 200 500 1k 2 5 10k 20 50 100 250k50Hz
100 200 500 1k 2 5 10k 20 50 100 250k50Hz
Arco estable Arco serpentea
Arco fluctúa Extinción de arco
(a) Vapor de mercurio de alta presión
(c) Vapor de sodio de alta presión
(b) Halogenuros metálicos
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
10/12/2018
20
AR Characterization
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
Laboratory Testbench
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
Equipment Thermic Chamber
10/12/2018
21
Some Results
Lamps: Philips CDM-T 35W/830
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
Methods for AR Compensation
Operation in AR-free windows
DC operation
Frequency modulation
Supply the lamp with sinusoidal waveform and
superposed third harmonic
Square Waveform
– Low frequency: < 500Hz
– High frequency: > 20KHz
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
10/12/2018
22
Example:
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
VLA
VLA1
VLA3
t
Lamp current
Lamp power
0 2 4 6 8 100
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
H j( )
H 0( )
j
0.15
0.30
0.05
1.00
Lamp power: harmonic content
2nd3rd
4th
Power is distributed in
harmonics 2º, 3º y 4º
0
AR threshold
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
Converter
T
T/3
V1
V3
t
t
t
LEG 1: operates at fundamental frequency
LEG 3: operates at three times the fundamental
frequency
RAMA 1 RAMA 3
GateDriver3f,
L1 L3
C
MHLamp
V1 V3GateDriver
f
VBUS
Igniter
(3kV)
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
10/12/2018
23
PrototypeControl Stage Power Stage
Starter
Lamp
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
Outline
Introduction
Load Modeling
Ballast Modeling
High Power Factor Ballasts
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
Use of Magnetic Regulators
Digital control
Transferring Results to Industry
10/12/2018
24
Goals
Use of piezoelectric materials in energy conversion
applications
Supply the loads at high frequency, maintaining low volume
and weight
Used in substitution of reactive components in traditional
electronic ballasts
A reduction in cost is expected in the future for high mass
production of piezolectric components
New converter topologies are to be studied in order to take
advantage of the piezoelectric transformers possibilities
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
Piezoelectric Transformer
Combination: sensor + actuator
ROSEN
ppT T
Primary
Secundary
P: polarization T: mechanical stress
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
10/12/2018
25
Transformadores Piezoeléctricos
Extensional
Vibration
Radial
Vibration
p TPrimary
Secundary p T
Primario
Secundario
P: polarización T: tensión mecánica
p
T
p T
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
Equivalent Circuit
Small size
No leakage inductance
No electromagnetic noise
Equivalent circuit incorporate a resonant filter
similar to those used in powe converters
CE
L R C 1:n
C2 SecundarioPrimario
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
10/12/2018
26
Topologies
Half bridge converter:
– Moderate switching frequency: < 100 kHz
– Zero Voltage Switching can be achieved
Class E converter
– Higher Frequencies: > 300 kHz
– Zero Voltage Switching can be achieved
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
Half Bridge Topology
VDC
M1
M2
D1
D2
CE
L R C 1:n
C2 R
L
LÁMPARA
TRANSFORMADOR PIEZOELÉCTRICO
Well known and tested converter
No external components are required
Good efficiency
Control ICs commercially available
Lamp soft switching can be achieved
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
10/12/2018
27
Clase E Converter
Useful for high frequency operation: > 300 kHz
One controlled switch
High voltage stress
Higher harmonic content in the transformer input voltage
Vg
L C
C2
Lámpara
LB
ig
iD
ires
uC1
C1
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
Outline
Introduction
Load Modeling
Ballast Modeling
High Power Factor Ballasts
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
Use of Magnetic Regulators
Digital control
Transferring Results to Industry
10/12/2018
28
GoalsStudy of new control methods for electronic
ballasts
Based on the use of variable magnetic
components:– Variable transformer
– Variable inductance
Application to:– Lamp power control (“dimming”)
– Lamp soft start
Advantages:– Operation at fixed frequency
– Optimized control
– Galvanic isolation
– High efficiency
Magnetic Regulators
Proposed Control
Magnetic Regulators
VDC
M1
M2
D1
D2
L
C
1:x
CB
A
B
LAMP
Fuente de
Corriente CC
IC
Variable
Transformer
Entrehierro
Control
Entrada
Carga
10/12/2018
29
VDC
M1
M2
D1
D2
L
C
CB
A
B
LAMP
Fuente de Corriente
CC
IC
Variable
InductanceEntrehierro
Control
LV
Proposed Control
Magnetic Regulators
Control Curves
Lamp Power:
4 104
5 104
6 104
7 104
8 104
9 104
0.001 0.0011
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40P
LA(W)
L
40k
45k
50k
55k
Magnetic Regulators
10/12/2018
30
LAQ=R / Z B
L LA
LC
Q
Soft Start Process
0.- Start
1.- Heating
2.- Ignition
3.- Steady state
Magnetic Regulators
Outline
Introduction
Load Modeling
Ballast Modeling
High Power Factor Ballasts
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
Use of Magnetic Regulators
Digital control
Transferring Results to Industry
10/12/2018
31
Regulator
Primary
Source BallastLamp
SensorMicrocontroller
Discretization
Digital Control Applied to Ballasts
Digital Control
GateDriverIR211mC
ST6253
Freq
OC
EMI Filter&
Power
Supply
AC Line
Vbus= 320V
Vcc=15V
Rs
UV LAMP
GPH436T5
TemperatureSensor
DissolvedOzoneSensor
A1
A2
B1
B2
VDD
A/D
A/D
NMI
A/D
ARTimer
GND
VbusSensor M1
M2
CF L
C
Vdd=5V
AD633
Vlamp
Ilamp
Plamp
R1
R2A/D
Analog Multiplier
& Filter
Low-Cost
mC
Half-Bridge
Inverter
Digital Control
Ballast for UV Lamp
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Laboratory prototypeDigital Control
Microcontroller:
PIC16F684 from Microchip, 14 pins, low cost.
8 bits, internal oscillator (8MHz), PWM module, A/D converter, and timers.
Electronic Ballast for HID Lamp with Digital Control
Digital Control
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PSoC Technology
Digital Control
Electronic Ballasts based on PSoC Technology
Digital Control
REGULATED DC
CURRENT
SOURCE
(FORWARD
CONVERTER)
IR2111
GATE
DRIVER
DIGITAL CONTROL CIRCUIT
Programmable System-on-Chip (Psoc)
CY8C29466
PWM2 Current
SenseLamp
Voltage
Lamp
CurrentPWM1
VDC
Variable Inductor
LCF
CRLAMPM1
M2
R1
R2
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Outline
Introduction
Load Modeling
Ballast Modeling
High Power Factor Ballasts
Minimization of Acoustic Resonances
Piezoelectric Transformer Ballasts
Use of Magnetic Regulators
Digital control
Transferring Results to Industry
Balasto electrónico para aplicaciones en automoción: BALCON
– Actualmente comercializado por la empresa A.S.D., S.A.
– Versiones 24V, 72V, 150V
– Lámparas: 4W hasta 58W
– Homologado en LGAI
– Normativa UIC 555, EMI 55015
COMPACT BALCON EN50311
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Generadores de ozono para purificación de aire: GEO
– Actualmente comercializado por la empresa ETRONECOLOGY
Cargadores Electrónicos para Baterías de Pb:
– Empresa: Oldham France
Balasto para lámparas de generación de O3 por UV:
– Empresa: ETRONECOLOGY, SL
Alumbrado de emergencia controlado por μC:
– Empresa: GSSA
Balasto controlado por la red eléctrica:
– Empresa: Hispano Montajes, SL
http://www.rilize.com/main.htmhttp://www.rilize.com/main.htm
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Lámparas de bajo consumo:
– Empresa: GSSA
Alumbrados de emergencia:
– Empresa: GSSA
Transformador electrónico para lámparas Halógenas:
– Empresa: DESAELEC
Balasto para lámparas fluorescentes 2x36W:
– Empresas: GSSA, DESAELEC
Thanks for your attention. Questions?