Origins of Solar Minimum CMEs with ICMEs

Yan Li 1

B. J. Lynch1, J. G. Luhmann1, A. Thernisien2, A. Vourlidas2,

E. Kilpua3, L. Jian4 , A. B. Gavin5

1. Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA, 947202. Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 203753. Department of Physics, Theoretical Physics Division, University of Helsinki,

Finland4. Institute of Geophysics & Planetary Physics, UC Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

900955. Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824

Where did a CME arise? - sourceHow did a CME arise? - initiation

Where does a CME go?How does a CME go? - propagation

CMEICME

source

HIHI

Number of ICMEs at each observing point

Year A&B angle STB ACE / Wind STA

2007 0.052˚ – 44.018˚ 7 4 6

2008 44.018˚ – 88.494˚ 7 6 6

2009 88.494˚ – 132.322˚ 15 5 6

Number of ICMEs

2007 0.052˚ – 44.018˚ 8

2008 44.018˚ – 88.494˚ 17

2009 88.494˚ – 132.322˚ 24

total 0.052˚ - 132.322˚ 48

An update of ICME events at ~1AU

ICME (shock and ejecta) dates, times and duration2007

A&B STB (7) ACE / Wind (4) STA (6)

Date sprt˚ shk MC_start drt shk MC_start drt shk MC_start drt

07Jan1407Jan14 0.252 no data 11:48 17:10 14h0m no data

07May2107May21 8.9958.995 no +4:45 17h20mno +4:45 17h20m no 22:45 17h10mno 22:45 17h10m no 22:08 02h56m no 22:08 02h56m

07May2307May23 9.1679.167 no 00:55 11h30mno 00:55 11h30m

07Jun0807Jun08 11.82111.821 no 5:10 4h10mno 5:10 4h10m no 05:35 23h35mno 05:35 23h35m no 18:30 20h50mno 18:30 20h50m

07Aug2507Aug25 27.21727.217 20:30 23:40 16h5m20:30 23:40 16h5m

07Oct2307Oct23 37.44037.440 no 16:50 6h45mno 16:50 6h45m

07Nov1907Nov19 40.76840.768 13:49 22:34 8h28m13:49 22:34 8h28m 17:20 +0:40 8h46m17:20 +0:40 8h46m no 22:50 25h10mno 22:50 25h10m

07Dec3007Dec30 43.92743.927 no 06:05 45h55m no 06:05 45h55m

ICME (shock and ejecta) dates, times and duration2008 January - June

A&B STB (3) ACE / Wind (3) STA (2)

Date sprt˚ shk MC_start drt shk MC_start drt shk MC_start drt

08Mar0608Mar06 46.30546.305 no 12:12 04h44m no 12:12 04h44m

08Mar0808Mar08 no 19:00 6hno 19:00 6h

08Mar2108Mar21 no 06:00 16h00mno 06:00 16h00m

08Apr0408Apr04 -- 11:50 5h-- 11:50 5h

08Apr2908Apr29 49.80449.804 14:15 23:25 8h35m14:15 23:25 8h35m

08May1108May11 51.08051.080 DG 11:00 6h54mDG 11:00 6h54m

08Jun0608Jun06 54.59154.591 15:30 22:05 13h5m15:30 22:05 13h5m DG 23:59 2h30m DG 23:59 2h30m

ICME (shock and ejecta) dates, times and duration2008 July - December

A&B STB (4) ACE / Wind (3) STA (4)

Date sprt˚ shk MC_start drt shk MC_start drt shk MC_start drt

08Jul10 60.2 11:00 14:00 19h

08Jul30 -- 3:00 7h

08Aug15 -- 12:00 13h

08Sep04 -- -17:00 7h -- 10:00 14h

08Sep17 -- 02:30 26h

08Sep28 -- 3:00 10h

08Oct31 81.3 5:20 12:10 4h10

08Nov07 -- 2:20 25h

08Dec17 87.2 DG 04:00 9h30m

08Dec31 88.4 -- 3:55 ~20h

ICME (shock and ejecta) dates, times and duration2009 January - July

A&B STB (7) ACE / Wind (3) STA (3)

Date sprt˚ shk MC_start drt shk MC_start drt shk MC_start drt

09Jan13 89.3 (-)6:10 5:40 20h10m -- 5:35 3h

09Jan26 90.1 -- 00:05 ~7h

09Feb03 -- 23:55 18h

09Mar11 -- 22:00 ~26h

09Mar14 12:00 20:00 13h

09Mar30 6:00 12:00 ~10

09Apr30 17:30 22:00 6h

09Jun19 00:30 8:00 4h

09Jul05 23:00 12:10 14h30m

09Jul11 103.2 -- 23:00 31h

09Jul16 104.0 -- 13:30 29h

09Jul30 18:00 2:30 6h

ICME (shock and ejecta) dates, times and duration2009 August - October

A&B STB (8) ACE / Wind (2) STA (3)

Date sprt˚ shk MC_start drt shk MC_start drt shk MC_start drt

09Aug01 -- 17:00 11h

09Aug06 -- 4:30 21h30m

09Aug13 19:30 2:00 9h30m

09Aug25 111.2 -- 10:00 27h

09Aug3009Aug30 112.1 ?3:00 20:00 8h ?-- 8:00 7h

09Sep08 113.8 7:00 10:00 12h?

09Sep09 -- 14:00 18h

09Sep28 -- 3:00 9h

09Sep30 -- 5:00 14h

09Oct02 118.3 16:00 6:00 24h

09Oct06 -- 19:00 8h

09Oct16 7:30 23:00 24h

Identify the Sources of CMEs with ICMEs

1. Begin with ICMEs and identify the corresponding coronagraph CMEs.

2. Identify low-corona-activity / initiation-sites of this group of CMEs (a small fraction of CME population).

ICMEs and CMEs

Year A&B angle ICMEsICMEs CMEsCMEs nonenone

2007 0.052˚ – 44.018˚ 88 55 33

2008 44.018˚ – 88.494˚ 1717 1313 44

2009 88.494˚ – 132.322˚ 2424 2222 22

total 0.052˚ - 132.322˚ 4949 4040 99

CMEs and sources

Yeas A&B angle CMEsCMEs flares filaments dimm none

2007 0.052˚ – 44.018˚ 55 2 2 2 3

2008 44.018˚ – 88.494˚ 1313 2 3 4 6

2009 88.494˚ – 132.322˚ 2222 0 9+ 4

total 0.052˚ - 132.322˚ 4040 4 14+ 6+ 13

CMEs with ICMEs in 2007

No. CME ICME A&B

sprt˚Date Flare other speed Date Speed

11 May19May19 B9.5B9.5 FilamentFilament

DimmingDimming

wavewave

950950 May21May21 481481 8.9958.995

22 May20May20 B6.7B6.7 DimmingDimming

wavewave

275275

(500)(500)

May23May23 535535 9.1679.167

33 Aug21Aug21 -- 304flt?304flt? 357357 Aug25Aug25 339339 27.21727.217

44 Nov15Nov15

18:5018:50

-- -- 125125 Nov19Nov19 391391 40.76840.768

55 Dec24Dec24

19:3019:30

-- -- 132132 Dec30Dec30 365365 43.92743.927

CMEs with ICMEs in 2008

No. CME ICME A&B

sprt˚Date Flare Other Speed Date Speed

66 Mar17Mar17

7:547:54

-- doubledouble

DimmingDimming

211211

(221)(221)

Mar21Mar21

6:406:40

480480 46.73746.737

77 Apr26Apr26

14:3014:30

B3.8B3.8 dimmingdimming 515515

(741)(741)

Apr29Apr29

14:1014:10

453453 49.80449.804

88 May06May06

16:5416:54

-- -- 141141 May11May11

6:316:31

-- 51.08051.080

99 Jun02Jun02

4:174:17

-- -- 192192

(265)(265)

Jun06Jun06

15:3615:36

412412 54.59154.591

CMEs with ICMEs in 2008

No. CME ICME A&B

sprt˚Date Flare Other Speed Date Speed

1010 Jul07Jul07

09:5409:54

- - -- 235235

(292)(292)

08Jul1008Jul10

23:0023:00

570570 60.41560.415

1111 Aug10Aug10

14:2414:24

-- -- 294294 08Aug1508Aug15

12:0012:00

365365 66.19566.195

1212 Aug30Aug30

17:3017:30

-- -- 190190 08Sep0408Sep04

5:255:25

360360 70.15470.154

1313 Oct26Oct26

15:0615:06

-- -- 172172 08Oct3108Oct31

1414 Nov03Nov03

00:5400:54

-- filamentfilament

dimmingdimming

370370 08Nov0708Nov07

1515 Dec12Dec12

08:5408:54

A9.5A9.5 filamentfilament 203203 08Dec1708Dec17 87.2

1616 Dec27Dec27

05:3005:30

-- filamentfilament 468468 08Dec3108Dec31

CMEs with ICMEs in 2009

No. CME ICME A&B

sprt˚Date Flare Other Speed Date Speed

09Jan0809Jan08

22:3022:30

-- -- 146146 09Jan1309Jan13 89.389.3

09Jan2109Jan21

18:5418:54

-- Filament?Filament? 220220 09Jan2609Jan26 90.190.1

09Jan3109Jan31 -- Filament?Filament? 09Feb0309Feb03

09Mar0509Mar05 filamentfilament 09Mar1109Mar11

09Mar1009Mar10 -- -- 09Mar1509Mar15

09Mar2409Mar24 -- filamentfilament 09Mar3009Mar30

09Apr2409Apr24 -- filamentfilament 09Apr3009Apr30

09Jun1609Jun16 -- FilamentFilament 09Jun1909Jun19

09Jun3009Jun30 -- Filament?Filament? 09Jul0509Jul05

09Jul0609Jul06 -- Filament?Filament? 09Jul1109Jul11 103.2103.2

09Jul1009Jul10 -- -- 09Jul1609Jul16 104.0104.0

09Jul2609Jul26 -- -- 09Jul3009Jul30

CMEs with ICMEs (MCs) in 2009

No. CME ICME A&B

sprt˚Date Flare Other Speed Date Speed

-- 09Aug0109Aug01

Jul31Jul31 -- -- 09Aug0609Aug06

Aug08Aug08 -- -- 09Aug1309Aug13

Aug19Aug19 -- -- 09Aug2509Aug25 111.2111.2

Aug25Aug25 -- filamentfilament 09Aug3009Aug30 112.1112.1

Sep04Sep04 -- filamentfilament 09Sep0809Sep08 113.8113.8

Sep04Sep04 filamentfilament 09Sep0909Sep09

Sep22?Sep22? -- flt?flt? 09Sep2809Sep28

?? -- flt?flt? 09Sep3009Sep30

09Sep2709Sep27 -- filamentfilament 09Oct0209Oct02 118.3118.3

09Oct0109Oct01 -- -- 09Oct0609Oct06

09Oct1209Oct12 -- filamentfilament 09Oct1609Oct16

Forward Modeling Results of STEREO CMEs Thernisien et al. (2009)

6

7910

• 26 bright STEREO CMEs (Nov07 to Aug08) were fitted with Forward Modeling;• Three CMEs encountered STB;• One CME encountered STA.

Parameters in Forward modeling Thirnisien et al. (2006, 2009)

FWM 3D Parameters forFour Source CMEs of ICMEs in 2008

FWM 3D Parameters Observations

Event No.

Date

2008

Ф˚ ө˚ γ˚ α˚ κ V

Km s-1

A

Km s-2

VCDAW

Km s-1

VICME

Km s-1

6 Mar17Mar17

17:5217:52

4040 44 22 66 0.200.20 221221 6.96.9 211211 480480

7 Apr26Apr26

17:5217:52

-21-21 66 1313 8.48.4 0.220.22 741741 1.41.4 515515 453453

9 Jun02Jun02

08:5208:52

-37-37 -3-3 22 88 0.350.35 265265 5.05.0 192192 412412

10 Jul 07Jul 07

20:2220:22

-23-23 -18-18 11 1616 0.280.28 292292 1515 235235 570570

2008-March-17 small magnetic region and double dimming CME

FWM

2008-April-26 flare related CME

FWM

2008-June-02 quiet Sun streamer blow-out CME - CME source location by FWM

MC axis

FWM

2008-Jul-07 CME with unclear source near a coronal hole boundary

- CME source location by FWM

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Long term variation of Bz polarity within Magnetic Cloud

Summary

• The small group of CMEs with ICMEs during STEREO time had variety of solar sources, including small magnetic regions, weak flares, small EUV dimmings and quiet Sun, and lack of large active regions and large flares.

• Almost all of these CMEs are slow and so as to the resulted ICMEs.

• We have worked on detailed case studies for a few cases (not shown today), and are carrying on these studies further by other case studies and statistical studies.