Organic molecules

Organic molecules are formed for a few elements ü Carbohydrates ü Lipids ü Proteins ü Nucleic acids

Organic molecules

Organic molecules The have a reactive part.

They always react in the same way.

They can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.

monomers=1,  dimers=  2,  polymers=  several    

Polymeriza5on  is  the  stepwise  linking  of  monomers  into  polymers  

Carbohydrates Sucrose is the source of energy for plants

Carbohydrates

Amylose.  Linear  molecule  

Amylopec2n.  Branched  molecule  

Carbohydrates

Storage polysaccharide in prokaryotes, fungi and animals

Fructans: polymers of fructose Stored in higher concentrations that starch

Carbohydrates Hypermastigida Termite symbiont

Silverfish  

*  

Carbohydrates

Chi2n  

Lipids

• Hydrophobic molecules • Insoluble in water • Energy and structural molecules • Storage molecules

ü Fat ü Oil ü Phospholipids ü waxes

Coconut oil

Palm oil

Palm kernel oil  

Safflower oil

Peanut oil

Corn oil

triglycerides  

Lipids Sterols  stabilize  the  phospholipid  tails  in  the  cell  membrane    

Sterol   Cholesterol   Β-­‐Sitosterol  

Ergosterol  

Lipids Cu2n  and  suberin  form  a  matrix    with  embedded  waxes  

Carnauba  wax  palm  (Copernicia  cerifera)  

Wax  myrtle  (Myrica  cerifera)  

Proteins Amino  acids:  Polymers  of  nitrogen-­‐containing  molecules  

Significant  changes  in  temperature  and  pH=  protein  denatura2on  

The  most  ac2ve  proteins  are  enzymes  

Proteins

The most active proteins are enzymes

To obtain energy to do cellular work, the cell hydrolizes the ATP, releasing the stored energy and forming ADP and phosphate once again. The energy can then be used to drive an endergonic reaction.

Energy molecule

Attendance 1.  What is a trans fat?

2. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat?

3. How many bonds does a

carbon atom form? a)  one bond b)  four bonds c)  six bonds 4. What are the

characteristics of a functional group or R-group?

5. Which organic molecules have the defining characteristic that they do not dissolve readily in water?

a)  lipids b)  carbohydrates c)  sugars 6. The outer membrane of the

cell is largely made up of a)  phospholipids. b)  steroids. c)  carbohydrates.

7. What is the difference between condensation synthesis and hydrolysis?