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Organic Molecules
Plants use photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide gas, CO2, and water, H2O, into sugar,
C6H12O6, and absorb the rest of their elements through their roots.
Plants
Animals get all their elements from their food.
Animals
Of all the elements, only about 25 are essential to living organisms.
Element % by mass in human body
Element % by mass in human body
Oxygen 65% Iron trace
Carbon 18.5% Zinc trace
Hydrogen 9.5% Copper trace
Nitrogen 3.3% Iodine trace
Calcium 1.5% Manganese trace
Phosphorus 1.0% Boron trace
Potassium 0.4% Chromium trace
Sulfur 0.3% Molybdenum trace
Sodium 0.2% Cobalt trace
Chlorine 0.2% Selenium trace
Magnesium 0.1% Fluorine trace
Essential Elements
Essential elements that occur in very small amounts are called trace elements
Element % by mass in human body
Element % by mass in human body
Oxygen 65% Iron trace
Carbon 18.5% Zinc trace
Hydrogen 9.5% Copper trace
Nitrogen 3.3% Iodine trace
Calcium 1.5% Manganese trace
Phosphorus 1.0% Boron trace
Potassium 0.4% Chromium trace
Sulfur 0.3% Molybdenum trace
Sodium 0.2% Cobalt trace
Chlorine 0.2% Selenium trace
Magnesium 0.1% Fluorine trace
Trace Elements
Five elements make up 97% of the mass of a human: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus..
Element % by mass in human body
Element % by mass in human body
Oxygen 65% Iron trace
Carbon 18.5% Zinc trace
Hydrogen 9.5% Copper trace
Nitrogen 3.3% Iodine trace
Calcium 1.5% Manganese trace
Phosphorus 1.0% Boron trace
Potassium 0.4% Chromium trace
Sulfur 0.3% Molybdenum trace
Sodium 0.2% Cobalt trace
Chlorine 0.2% Selenium trace
Magnesium 0.1% Fluorine trace
CHNOP
MoleculesThe five most common elements in living
organisms are all non-metals and when they join together they are called molecules.
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Molecules found in living organisms are called organic molecules or biomolecules.
Organic Molecules or Biomolecules
There are four groups of biomolecules found in all living organisms.
1. Carbohydrates – Sugars and starches2. Lipids – Fats and Oils3. Proteins – Enzymes and Many Others4. Nucleic Acids – DNA and RNA
Four Groups of Biomolecules
The four biomolecules are large molecules made up of many smaller molecules called
monomers
GlucoseFructose
Sucrose
Monomers
Each of the four biomolecule groups has a very specific
monomer
Carbohydrate …………. Monosaccharides
Lipids………………. Fatty Acids
Proteins ………………. Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids ………………. Nucleotides
Each biomolecule group has a differentfunction within an organism.
Carbohydrates provide a source of energy as well as structure.
Chitin
Lipids provide energy, insulation, make up cell membranes and can prevent
water loss.
Proteins provide structure, control chemical reactions, and are involved in
our immunity.
Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, contain and use inherited genetic code
to produce proteins.
The End
