Organ transplant and face off.ppt

7/27/2019 Organ transplant and face off.ppt

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Organ transplant

Face transplant/Facial allograft

transplant (FAT)


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Definition: What are Organ

Transplants?

An organ transplant is a surgical operation inwhich a failing or damaged organ in the

human body is removed and replaced with afunctioning one. The donated organ may be

from a deceased donor, a living donor, or ananimal. In some cases an artificial organ isused.


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Ethical Issues

The major ethical concerns regarding organ

transplant stem from the issue of a shortage of

organs. The number of patients on the waiting list

for organ donation far exceeds the number of

available donors. As of January 2008, over 97,900

people remained on a waiting list, and betweenJanuary and September of 2007 only 21,403

transplant surgeries had been performed.


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Issues

better chance for survival be given priority

parents of young children

incentives, either monetary or non-monetary

(smoking, drinking, drug use, obesity, etc transplant tourism

Should prisoners on death row be given the option ofdonating organs upon their death, or even be offered the

option of trading a kidney or bone marrow in exchange fora life sentence in prison without parole?

required to indicate their wishes regarding organtransplantation


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Should consent to donate organs be presumed,so that organs are donated unless a person, while

still living, specifically requests not to donateupon death?

Should organs be created through the use ofstem cells?

Should hospital policies permit organs to be takenfrom non- heart-beating donors (NHBD) toincrease the number of organs available?


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bilateral hand transplantation(Dubernard et

al., 2003)

The first partial face transplant(of the nose,

lips and chin) was carried out by Dubenard

and colleagues, in France, in November 2005.


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facial transplantation will beused to alleviatefunctional impairment, for example ,whereburns contractures prevent mouth opening

orother facial movement, where the eyelidshave been lost(leading to corneal ulcerationand blindness) or where the nose or ears havebeen lost. It provides opportunities for

functional improvement and improvedcosmesis currently impossible with othersurgical techniques


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The final appearance is likely to be a

composite of donor and recipient faces, not

identical to either original face but retaining

some superficial donor characteristics such as

eyebrows (Clarke & Butler, 2005).


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face transplantation

excited considerable interest and debate

the issue of the psychological impact on therecipient, and concluded that more research andplanning was needed before the procedureshould be carried out.

Among the major concerns identified were theproblem of informed consent for a newprocedure

The impact of lifelong immunosuppression in aquality oflife

psychological problems of altered appearance


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The operation will be performed only for theimprovement of facial function where currentsurgical techniques are limited

Facial transplantation is not, at present,indicated for cosmetic reasons, i.e.: in theabsence of facial pathology, because of bothshort and long-term risk, in particular theconsequences of life longimmunosuppression.


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Baginya operasi face-off tidak sekadar

memperbaiki wajahnya, tapi juga

memperbaiki psikologi, hati dan

imannya. Selama di rumah sakit, Lisa

mengaku juga banyak mendapat ilmu

dan nasehat dari tim dokter. Hal

tersebut membuatnya makin kuat

menjalani hidup dan menatap masadepan.

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Organ transplant and face off.ppt