Orchid Pests and Diseases Diagnosis, Treatment … Pests and Diseases Diagnosis, ... will yellow and may darken and can cause the leaf ... Removing old flowers may reduce the number

Orchid Pests and DiseasesDiagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

by Sue Bottom, [email protected] (Revision 5) All contents copyright 2009-2017 by Sue and Terry Bottom. All rights reserved. No part of this document or the related photos may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means without the prior written permission of the author.

mailto:[email protected]

Common Orchid Pests

Plant Sap Feeding Insects Scale Mealybugs Thrips Aphids Whiteflies

Mites Chewing Pests

Snails and Slugs Caterpillars Roaches and Grasshoppers

Ants

Symptoms and Treatment of Sap Feeding InsectsScale

Symptoms: Scale are sucking insects that attach to and feed on the underside of leaves, in leaf axils, on pseudobulbs and on rhizomes. They often are hidden under old leaves and pseudobulb sheaths. Severe infestations cause chlorotic areas to appear on the leaves and plant surfaces which will yellow and may darken and can cause the leaf to drop prematurely.

Varieties: The white boisduval scale is the bane of the cattleya grower's existence. Mature males are cottony white masses while the mature females lay their eggs under whitish circular shields. The crawlers are the nymph state that emerge from under the shield until they find their new home. - Hard scale is another armored scale that ultimately forms a brown conical structure protecting the scale underneath it. - Soft brown scale is light yellowish to dark brown with oval to circular shells appearing on leaves, flowers, flower spikes, pseudobulbs and sometimes rhizomes and roots. Soft scale produces honeydew while hard scales do not.

Symptoms and Treatment of Sap Feeding InsectsScale (contd)

Treatment: If there are only a few scale, use a Q tip dipped in isopropyl alcohol or toothbrush dipped in a pesticide like Malathion, Orthene, Summer Oil or Safer Soap (used per label instructions) to physically remove scale. For more severe infestations, apply the pesticide at the crawler stage and repeat the application 2 weeks later. Be sure to spray all plant surfaces, particularly the undersides of leaves and leaf axils. A drench with one of the Bayer products containing imidaclopridwill also kill them. With the Bayer product containing 1.47% imidacloprid, add 1.5 tsp into a quart of water and pour it through the mix to thoroughly drench the potting mix. The orchid will absorb the imadacloprid through the roots into the leaves and kill the scale from the inside out. Distance is an expensive insect growth regulator that will eliminate scale from your orchids.

Prevention: Remove old leaf and flower sheaths to eliminate scale hiding places and allow easy inspection. Check new plants carefully before adding to the growing area.

Symptoms and Treatment of Sap Feeding Insects Mealybugs

Symptoms: Mealybugs are sucking insects that attack any part of the plant but tend to stay tucked away at the junction of leaf and stem. Severe infestations cause chlorotic areas to appear on the leaves, which may darken, causing the leaf to yellow and drop prematurely.

Treatment: If there are only a few mealybugs, use a Q tip dipped in isopropyl alcohol or toothbrush dipped in a pesticide like Malathion, Orthene or Safer Soap (used per label instructions) to physically remove the mealybugs. For more severe infestations, apply the pesticide and repeat the application 2 weeks later. Be sure to spray all plant surfaces, particularly the undersides of leaves and leaf axils.

Symptoms and Treatment of Sap Feeding Insects Mealybugs (contd)

Treatment (contd): A drench with one of the Bayer products containing imidacloprid will also kill them. With the Bayer product containing 1.47% imidacloprid, add 1.5 tsp into a quart of water and pour it through the mix to thoroughly drench the potting mix. The orchid will absorb the imidaclopridthrough the roots into the leaves and kill the scale from the inside out.

Prevention: Remove old leaf and flower sheaths to eliminate hiding places and allow easy inspection. Check new plants carefully before adding to the growing area.

Symptoms and Treatment of Sap Feeding InsectsThrips

Symptoms: Thrips are very small sucking insects that feed on flowers and occasionally leaves and can transmit disease from plant to plant. Infested buds may not open and flowers may be deformed exhibiting water soaked spots. Leaves may appear pitted, stippled, silvery or bleached.

Treatment: Thrips are the most difficult to control of all the orchid pests. Managing thrips is difficult because they are very small and easy to overlook; they are mobile, spend part of their life cycle in the soil; prefer to feed on flower parts, where systemic insecticides do not reach them; like to hide in flowers, flower buds, and leaf buds making them hard to spot and reach with pesticides; live on a wide variety of host plants; reproduce rapidly in warm greenhouses; may be present in multiple life cycles from egg to adult; hide in plant materials and are resistant to a number of insecticides. Most adult thrips are females that lay eggs into plant tissue, particularly flowers and leaves.

Symptoms and Treatment of Sap Feeding InsectsThrips (contd)

Treatment (contd): Plants and flowers can be sprayed with a pesticide like Orthene, Malathion or Safer Soap and the stronger chemicals like Talstar, Avid or the Bayer imidacloprid product, rotating products and applying them in accordance with label instructions. Conserve is another alternative and it can be sprayed directly on the flower. Repeat applications will be required because thrips remain hidden on the plant or can be reintroduced to the plant from other flowers in the landscape. For severe infestations, apply chemicals twice a week for three weeks.

Control: Good sanitation will help prevent infestation as will keeping plant hosts (flowers, citrus, gardenias, eucalyptus, etc.) separate from your orchids. Remove weeds, old plant debris, and growing medium from within and around the growing area. Eliminate old stock plants as these are a source of thrips and viruses. Removing old flowers may reduce the number of adults and eggs. Place flowers into a sealed bag or container. The thrips lay eggs that hatch in grassy areas so keep the grass mowed and weeds controlled.

Symptoms and Treatment of Sap Feeding Insects Aphids

Symptoms: Aphids are sucking insects that attack buds, flowers and new growths and transmit disease from plant to plant. Buds and flower may fail to open and leaves may have a sticky deposit.

Treatment: Wash aphids away from the plant with a jet of water. Plants can be sprayed with a pesticide like Malathion, Orthene or Safer Soap using the product in accordance with label instructions.

Miscellaneous: The honeydew excreted by aphids and other sucking insects is attractive to ants and is an ideal medium for sooty mold. When sooty mold is present, inspect the plants for aphids, mealybugs, scale and mites.

pictures courtesy of the American Orchid Society

Symptoms and Treatment of Sap Feeding Insects Whiteflies

Symptoms: Whiteflies are small, moth-like insects that attack buds, flowers and new growth. The tell tale sign of whiteflies is a cloud of tiny white insects arising from an affected plant when it is moved or disturbed.

Treatment: Plants can be sprayed with Malathion, Orthene or Safer Soap following label instructions. Repeat applications at 4 day intervals until whiteflies are no longer present.

Control: Good sanitation and elimination of weeds will help prevent infestation as will keeping plant hosts separate from your orchids.

bottom picture courtesy of the American Orchid Society

Symptoms and Treatment - MitesSymptoms: Mites are not insects, they are members of the arachnid family. Mites typically feed on the underside of the leaves and can be found under the leaves as small, red to brown pests. A hand lens may be needed to see them. Leaf undersides may have webbing and brown splotches from the mite excrement. The upper surface of a damaged leaf may have a silvery sheen that eventually becomes sunken and turns brown. Leaves may be streaked, stippled or spotted due to lack of chlorophyll.

Varieties: There are three groups of mites infesting cultivated orchids, spider mites, flat mites and broad mites. The two spotted mite, or red spider mite (Tetranychidae), causes a chlorotic spot or stipple at each feeding site as chloroplasts are sucked out along with the plant sap. Leaves eventually develop a mottled or stippled appearance with webbing under the leaf in severe infestations. Flat mites, or false spider mites (Tenuipalpidae), including the Phalaenopsis mite, often feed on the upper surfaces of leaves creating a pock-marked appearance from empty and collapsed leaf cells. Flat mite feeding on thin leaves, especially the underside, is similar to the stippling caused by spider mites, but there is no webbing. Broad mites (Tarsonemidae) are microscopic in size and the initial symptom is chlorotic discoloration.

Symptoms and Treatment - Mites (contd)

Treatment: Try spraying upper and lower leaf surfaces with the home cure mixture of 1 part rubbing alcohol, 1 part 409 or Murphy's Oil Soap and 2 parts water. Plants can also be sprayed with a miticide like Avid, Talstar or Kelthane following label instructions being particularly careful to contact all the undersides of the leaves. During warm weather, new generations mature every 6 days so repeat applications will be required, perhaps 3 applications at 4 day intervals. TetraSan is an insect growth regulator that can be used to keep the egg and nymph stages from maturing.

Prevention: Mites appear during warm, dry weather. Increasing humidity and leaf wetness and, if possible, decreasing temperature help prevent infestations.

Symptoms and Treatment of Chewing PestsSnails and Slugs

Symptoms: These mollusks will leave holes and notches in the leaves, flowers roots and may chew off the growing tips. Chewed areas may also appear on buds. These nocturnal pests travel on a layer of slime and this slime trail is evidence of their presence.

Treatment: Chemical baits may be placed in the growing area. Ash and diatomaceous earth can be spread on horizontal surfaces to create a barrier though water will deactivate it. Beer in shallow tins can be spread in the growing area and the drowned pests removed the next day. Regular applications will have to be used because watering will disperse the controls.

top pictures courtesy of www.ionopsis.com, bottom pictures courtesy of the American Orchid Society

http://www.ionopsis.com/

Symptoms and Treatment of Chewing PestsCaterpillars

Symptoms: Caterpillars are the immature stage of moths and butterflies. While not common, they are voracious feeders that can do a great deal of damage to flowers and leaves in a short period of time.

Treatment: Caterpillars can be physically picked off the plant and destroyed, check the underside of leaves for their presence. Bacillus thuringiensis or Bt is a naturally occurring bacteria of insects, it is a safe and natural product that can be sprayed in the growing area following label instructions.

Prevention: Keep the growing area clean of free of fallen leaves and debris in which insect pests and their eggs can hide. Keep the landscape free of caterpillars.

top pictures courtesy of www.ionopsis.com, bottom picture courtesy of the American Orchid Society

http://www.ionopsis.com/

Symptoms and Treatment of Chewing PestsCockroaches and Grasshoppers

Symptoms: Cockroaches and grasshoppers cause damage by eating flowers, roots and new growths.

Cockroach Deterrence: Cockroach baits can be spread in the growing area or a paste of boric acid, sugar and flour mixed with water can be spread in every nook and crevice you can find. Dont get any of the stuff on the plants themselves. Another approach is to water and then flush a mix of liquid Sevin (1 tsp/gal) through the pot.

Grasshopper Deterrence: Crush the grasshoppers with a brick, shoe, etc. Partially bury jars filled with molasses and water and remove drowned victims the next day.

pictures courtesy of the American Orchid Society

Symptoms and Treatment of PestsAnts

Symptoms: Ants cause little direct damage. Any damage present is more likely caused by a sucking pest that caused the plant to exude honeydew (basically plant sap) to which the ant is attracted.

Treatment: Pour a solution of Orthene or Liquid Sevin at 1 tsp/gallon through the pot. Do this outdoors because it should cause ants (and other hiding pests like roaches) to rapidly exit the pot. If you notice ants, check your plants for aphids, mealybugs, scale and mites and treat accordingly.

Prevention: Keep plants and the growing area free of sucking pests to minimize the honeydew attractant, although sometimes healthy vigorous orchids exude honeydew naturally.

Common Pesticides for the Treatment of OrchidsChemical Name

Active IngredientApplication Rate (tsp/gal)

Floral Damage?

Systemic?

Mode of Action Scale Mealybugs Thrips Whiteflies Aphids Mites Caterpillars Fungus Ghats

Bayer 3 in 1

Imidacloprid 0.47%

Bayer Tree & Shrub

Imidacloprid 1.47%

Cygon 2E

Dimethoate 23%

Kelthane 50W

Dicofol 51%

Malathion 50% EC

Malathion 50% EC

Neem Oil

Neem Oil

Orthene Powder

Acephate 97%

OrthenexAcephate, Fenbutatin oxide

Permetrol

Permethrin 10%

Safer 3-in-1

Sulfur 6.48%, Soap 12.38%

Summer Oil Spray

Paraff inic Oil

Thuricide

Bacillus Thuringensis

5 - 6 No? Yes4A Nicotinic

Acetylcholine Receptor

Disruptors

t

x x suppression

suppression x x x15.75 No? Yes4A Nicotinic

Acetylcholine Receptor

Disruptors

t

x x

1.5 Yes No No x x x

x x x

x2 No No Unknown

x x

6 No No 16 Desiccation or Membrane Disruptors

x x

x x x3 No No 1 Acetycholine Esterase Inhibitors

x x

1 No Yes? 1 Acetycholine Esterase Inhibitors

x x x x

x x x

suppression6 No Yes? 1 Acetycholine Esterase Inhibitors

x x x x x

x

48 No No 1 Acetycholine Esterase Inhibitors

x x x

x x x x1.3 No No 3 Sodium Channel Blockers

x x

2.5 Yes No 16 Desiccation or Membrane Disruptors

x x x x

x x x x

x x2 - 4 No No 11 Disruptors of Insect Midgut Membranes

x

WQ Tests

DateWell WaterPond Water

pHTotal Alkalinity (ppm)Total Calcium (ppm)Total Magnesium (ppm)Total Dissolved Solids (ppm)pHTotal Alkalinity (ppm)Total Calcium (ppm)Total Magnesium (ppm)Total Dissolved Solids (ppm)http://www.lenntech.com/calculators/conductivity/tds-engels.htm (from EC mS/cm to TDS ppm)

5/23/11

Sue: Sue:very droughty, pond water is after dosatron7.4360180

Sue: Sue:450 calcium carbonate5007.610574

Sue: Sue:185 calcium carbonate300Pinch a Pennymultiply CaCO3 from pool company by 0.4 to get to Ca

9/22/11

Sue: Sue:very droughty, pond about 2 inches above intake6.43611346.5550

Sue: Sue:EC of 0.866.8126534.6339

Sue: Sue:EC of 0.53QAL

http://www.lenntech.com/calculators/conductivity/tds-engels.htm%20(from%20EC%20mS/cm%20to%20TDS%20ppm)

FertCalc

MultimineralStains flowers. For 1:20 spray, want 5%. Add 24 oz multimineral and 8 oz water so fill to 30 oz line, spray at 8 oz/gal, will make 3.75 gallons each time. 3 Batches for all orchids, uses 9 cups, at 40 cups/2.5 gal, can treat 4.5 times per container. Stains plants and flowers, use half strength next time, 4 cups into 500 gallon dosatron mix should yield 60 ppm.

Delete first tabletsp/galppm Cationtarget nutrientppm N or Sother nutrientCitationtarget ppmtsp/gal

Sue: Sue:use density conversion value of .174 oz/tsp per a generic fertilizer formulation http://www.ladyslipper.com/fert.htmhttp://www.firstrays.com/measuring_fertilizers.htmequivalent ppm N or Stsp/gal targetppm other nutrient

Sue: Sue:use density conversion value of .174 oz/tsp per a generic fertilizer formulation http://www.ladyslipper.com/fert.htmhttp://www.firstrays.com/measuring_fertilizers.htm

apply aloneCa(NO3)2

Sue: Sue:15.5-0-0-19http://www.southernag.com/labels_msds.html0.3280Ca65Nhttp://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu/crops/factsheets/FertilizerCalculations.pdf

Sue: Sue:.07 oz/gal is 100 ppm CA, 81.4 ppm NO3800.32650.3465

apply togetherKNO3

Sue: Sue:13-0-46http://www.growercentral.com/index.cfm?siteAction=showFamilyDetails&familyID=234757&CFID=4982355&CFTOKEN=68860.17100K28Nhttp://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu/crops/factsheets/FertilizerCalculations.pdf


MgSO4

Sue: Sue:16% Magnesiumhttp://www.southernag.com/labels_msds.html0.17

Sue: Sue:http://www.firstrays.com/magnesium_supplementation.htm25Mg30Shttp://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu/crops/factsheets/FertilizerCalculations.pdf


% N% P% K% other% othertsp/galtarget ppmother ppmconstants

Ca(NO3)2

Sue: Sue:15.5-0-0-19http://www.southernag.com/labels_msds.html15.50.00.019.00.3280Ca65N0.174tsp/ozhttp://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu/crops/factsheets/FertilizerCalculations.pdf

KNO3

Sue: Sue:13-0-46http://www.growercentral.com/index.cfm?siteAction=showFamilyDetails&familyID=234757&CFID=4982355&CFTOKEN=688613.00.046.00.17100K28N

MgSO4

Sue: Sue:16% Magnesiumhttp://www.southernag.com/labels_msds.html11.013.00.1725Mg30S

MW

Ca40.0

Ca(NO3)2164.0

K39.0

KNO3101.0

Mg24.3

MgSO4124.40.10

MgSO4.7H2O250.40.13

S32.10.13

N14.0

O16.0

Equa 4oz fert per gal irrigation water = target ppm / (75 100 df) where df = the decimal fraction of the element of interest

Equa 5ppm = ounces fert per gal irrigation water 75 100 df

2009 Spray Schedule - Disinfection, Fungicides, Bactericides, Pesticides and Snake Oils

http://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu/crops/factsheets/FertilizerCalculations.pdfhttp://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu/crops/factsheets/FertilizerCalculations.pdfhttp://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu/crops/factsheets/FertilizerCalculations.pdf

Pesticides

Chemical Name Active IngredientApplication Rate (tsp/gal)Floral Damage?Systemic?Mode of ActionScaleMealybugsThripsWhitefliesAphidsMitesCaterpillarsFungus GhatsComments and Caveats - Always Check Product Label for Information on Proper Use and PrecautionsFeb 09 BWI Price

Commonly Available Pesticides

Bayer 3 in 115.75No?Yes4A Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor DisruptorsreceptorxxsuppressionxxxDo not use with summer oil. Use with weak fertilizer to enhance uptake.

Imidacloprid 0.47%

Sue: Sue:mites - fluvalinate 0.61%diseases - Tebucanazole 0.65%

Bayer Tree & Shrub5 - 6

Sue: Sue:5.25No?Yes4A Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor DisruptorsreceptorxxsuppressionxxxDo not use with summer oil. Use with weak fertilizer to enhance uptake.

Imidacloprid 1.47%

Cygon 2E1.5YesNoNoxxxxxNot labeled for use on orchids, some growers have reported severe phytotoxicity after use. Use in cool weather only. Not for use on tolumnias.

Dimethoate 23%

Kelthane 50W2NoNoUnknownx

Dicofol 51%

Malathion 50% EC3NoNo1 Acetycholine Esterase InhibitorsxxxxxHarms some ferns.

Malathion 50% EC

Neem Oil6NoNo16 Desiccation or Membrane DisruptorsxxxxxInsecticide, Miticide and Fungicide

Neem Oil

Orthene Powder1NoYes?1 Acetycholine Esterase InhibitorsxxxxxRepeat at 2 week intervals if crawlers continuously appearing. Apply no more than 3 times consecutively. Can be mixed with fungicide.

Acephate 97%

Orthenex6NoYes?1 Acetycholine Esterase InhibitorsxxxxxsuppressionFenbutatin oxide is a miticide, Acephate is an insecticide. Same additional comments as for Orthene above.

Acephate, Fenbutatin oxide

Sue: Sue:Acephate 4%, Fenbutatin oxide 0.75%

Permetrol1.3NoNo3 Sodium Channel Blockersxxxxxx

Permethrin 10%

Safer 3-in-148NoNo1 Acetycholine Esterase InhibitorsxxxxxxxUse only if temperatures below 90oF. Don't apply within 30 days of using oil sprays. Don't apply to ferns.


Summer Oil Spray2.5YesNo16 Desiccation or Membrane DisruptorsxxxxxUse only if temperatures below 90oF. Don't apply within 30 days of using sulfur or mix with fungicide, copper or Captan. Don't apply to ferns or palms.

Paraffinic Oil

Thuricide2 - 4NoNo11 Disruptors of Insect Midgut Membranesxx


Specialty Pesticides

Avid 0.15 EC0.24-mites 0.48-thrips

Sue: Sue:Fred says 1 tsp/gal for thripsNoNo?6 Chloride Channel ActivatorsactivatorssuppressionsuppressionsuppressionxHarms some ferns. Use weekly for 3 weeks when thrips immature then alternate. Residual control may be enhanced by adding summer oil.$40/8 ozRuben mites and thrips (Ardent)

Abamectin 2.0%

Conserve0.36-thrips 1.2-mitesNoNo5 Nicotinic Acetylcholine ReceptorreceptorxsuppressionxCan be used 3 times consecutively on one generation of thrips then alternate. Spray flowers, then use imidacloprid for systemic control (avoiding flowers).$144/qtPhillip thrips

Spinosad 11.6%

DiscusNot for use in greenhouses$238/gal

Imidacloprid & Cyfluthrin

Sue: Sue:2.94% and 0.70%

Decathlon 20 WP0.25No?No?3 Sodium Channel Blockerscrawler stagexxxxxxAlan-avid, decathlon & overture for thrips

Cyfluthrin 20%

Distance

Sue: Sue:Insect Growth Regulator0.48-0.72NoYes7C juvenile hormone mimicsxsuppressionxsuppressionxHarms some ferns.

Pyriproxygen 11.23%

Enstar II

Sue: Sue:Insect Growth Regulator0.3 - 0.6YesNoNoxxxxxx$73/5 oz

Kinoprene

Floramite0.12 - 0.24No?No?No?xAlternate use with other miticides.$250/qtEFG uses

Bifenazate

Marathon II0.10YesYes4A Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor DisruptorsreceptorxxsuppressionxxApply to cattleyas only, no dendrobiums and no thin leafed orchids. Do not use with summer oil. Use with weak fertilizer to enhance uptake. $240/qtPhillip use after Conserve

Imidacloprid 21.4%

Mavrik Aqua Flow0.3 - 0.6

Sue: Sue:lower rate okay, use higher rate with severe infestationNo?No?3 Sodium Channel BlockersxxxxsuppressionxAt low to medium use rates, controls aphids, thrips, whiteflies, leaf-feeding caterpillars; at higher rates, mites will also be suppressed or controlled.$101/qtEFG uses

Fluvalinate 22.3%

Merit 75WP0.10Yes!Yes4A Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor DisruptorsreceptorxxxxSee Marathon comments. Note that Merit is 3 times stronger although the same application rate is listed, very phytotoxic at this application rate.$240/qt

Imidacloprid 75%

Mesurol 75 W1.5 - 3??1 Acetycholine Esterase InhibitorsxxxpH of liquid should be below 7, don't apply more than 2 times per year, do not apply with oil$240/qtFred Clarke thrips

Methiocarb 75%

Overture 35 WP

Sue: Sue:Insect Growth Regulator2NoYesUnknownxxTranslaminar, controls insects by both contact and ingestion activity, although contact activity is dominant and faster than ingested activity$97/1 lbFred Clarke thrips

Pyridalyl 35%

Preclude TR

Sue: Sue:Fogger, Insect Growth Regulator2 oz. aerosol can / 1500-3000 sq ftNoYes7 juvenile hormone mimicsxxxxxxxxWill not kill adult thrips, juvenile insect growth regulator.$172/12 2oz

Fenoxycarb 4.8%

Safari 20 SG0.5 - 1No?Yes4A Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor DisruptorsreceptorxxxxUse spreader sticker to increase effectiveness.$395/3 lbEFG uses

Dinotefuran 20%

Sanmite 75 WP1.10

Sue: Sue:1 1 oz bag/25 galNo?No?15 Mitochodria Electron Transport InhibitorsxxAlternate use with other miticides.$87/1 ozEFG uses

Pyridaben 75%

Talstar Flowable0.6 - 1.3YesNo?3 Sodium Channel BlockersxxxxxxxMite control most effective in spring to early summer.$180/gal

Bifenthrin 7.9%

Tristar 70 WSP0.12No?No?No?xxxxDo not apply more than 5 times per year.

Sue: Sue:For a really toxic stew for use in very cold weather when you have lots of protective equipment on, add into a 5 gallon bucket 1 tsp Tristar, 2 oz Cygon and 2 tsp spreader sticker. Not for use on tolumnias.$63/16 grFred Clarke uses

Acetamiprid

TetraSan 5 WDG0.84 - 1.7

Sue: Sue:each packet contains 2 oz, at lower rate will make 25 gal and for severe infestations make 12.5 galNo?Yes?8 Chitin Synthesis InhibitorsxKills mite eggs and nymphs but not adult, apply with adulticide if infested, treated adult mites will not produce viable eggs. Translaminar.$89/lbFred Clarke uses

Etoxazole 5%

Ruben says ardent for thrips and Karmax for weeds

Alan says rotate avid, overture and decathlon for thrips

&14Pesticides for the Treatment of Orchid Pests&10by Sue Bottom, [email protected]

Page &P of &N

Pesticides-Common


Bayer 3 in 115.75No?Yes4A Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor DisruptorsreceptorxxsuppressionxxxDo not use with summer oil. Use with weak fertilizer to enhance uptake.

Imidacloprid 0.47%



Sue: Sue:5.25No?Yes4A Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor DisruptorsreceptorxxsuppressionxxxDo not use with summer oil. Use with weak fertilizer to enhance uptake.

Imidacloprid 1.47%

Cygon 2E1.5YesNoNoxxxxxNot labeled for use on orchids, some growers have reported severe phytotoxicity after use. Use in cool weather only. Not for use on tolumnias.

Dimethoate 23%

Kelthane 50W2NoNoUnknownx

Dicofol 51%

Malathion 50% EC3NoNo1 Acetycholine Esterase InhibitorsxxxxxHarms some ferns.

Malathion 50% EC

Neem Oil6NoNo16 Desiccation or Membrane DisruptorsxxxxxInsecticide, Miticide and Fungicide

Neem Oil

Orthene Powder1NoYes?1 Acetycholine Esterase InhibitorsxxxxxRepeat at 2 week intervals if crawlers continuously appearing. Apply no more than 3 times consecutively. Can be mixed with fungicide.

Acephate 97%

Orthenex6NoYes?1 Acetycholine Esterase InhibitorsxxxxxsuppressionFenbutatin oxide is a miticide, Acephate is an insecticide. Same additional comments as for Orthene above.



Permetrol1.3NoNo3 Sodium Channel Blockersxxxxxx

Permethrin 10%

Safer 3-in-148NoNo1 Acetycholine Esterase InhibitorsxxxxxxxUse only if temperatures below 90oF. Don't apply within 30 days of using oil sprays. Don't apply to ferns.


Summer Oil Spray2.5YesNo16 Desiccation or Membrane DisruptorsxxxxxUse only if temperatures below 90oF. Don't apply within 30 days of using sulfur or mix with fungicide, copper or Captan. Don't apply to ferns or palms.

Paraffinic Oil

Thuricide2 - 4NoNo11 Disruptors of Insect Midgut Membranesxx


Sue: Sue:For a really toxic stew for use in very cold weather when you have lots of protective equipment on, add into a 5 gallon bucket 1 tsp Tristar, 2 oz Cygon and 2 tsp spreader sticker. Not for use on tolumnias.Ruben says ardent for thrips and Karmax for weeds


&14Commonly Available PesticidesTreatment of Orchid Pests&10by Sue Bottom, [email protected]

&D

Pesticides-Specialty


Avid 0.15 EC0.24-mites 0.48-thrips

Sue: Sue:Fred says 1 tsp/gal for thripsNoNo?6 Chloride Channel ActivatorsactivatorssuppressionsuppressionsuppressionxHarms some ferns. Use weekly for 3 weeks when thrips immature then alternate. Residual control may be enhanced by adding summer oil.$40/8 ozRuben mites and thrips (Ardent)

Abamectin 2.0%

Conserve0.36-thrips 1.2-mitesNoNo5 Nicotinic Acetylcholine ReceptorreceptorxsuppressionxCan be used 3 times consecutively on one generation of thrips then alternate. Spray flowers, then use imidacloprid for systemic control (avoiding flowers).$144/qtPhillip thrips

Spinosad 11.6%

Decathlon 20 WP0.25No?No?3 Sodium Channel Blockerscrawler stagexxxxxxAlan-avid, decathlon & overture for thrips

Cyfluthrin 20%

Distance

Sue: Sue:Insect Growth Regulator0.48-0.72NoYes7C juvenile hormone mimicsxsuppressionxsuppressionxHarms some ferns.

Pyriproxygen 11.23%

Enstar II

Sue: Sue:Insect Growth Regulator0.3 - 0.6YesNoNoxxxxxx$73/5 oz

Kinoprene

Floramite0.12 - 0.24No?No?No?xAlternate use with other miticides.$250/qtEFG uses

Bifenazate

Marathon II0.10YesYes4A Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor DisruptorsreceptorxxsuppressionxxApply to cattleyas only, no dendrobiums and no thin leafed orchids. Do not use with summer oil. Use with weak fertilizer to enhance uptake. $240/qtPhillip use after Conserve

Imidacloprid 21.4%

Mavrik Aqua Flow0.3 - 0.6

Sue: Sue:lower rate okay, use higher rate with severe infestationNo?No?3 Sodium Channel BlockersxxxxsuppressionxAt low to medium use rates, controls aphids, thrips, whiteflies, leaf-feeding caterpillars; at higher rates, mites will also be suppressed or controlled.$101/qtEFG uses

Fluvalinate 22.3%

Merit 75WP0.10Yes!Yes4A Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor DisruptorsreceptorxxxxSee Marathon comments. Note that Merit is 3 times stronger although the same application rate is listed, very phytotoxic at this application rate.$240/qt

Imidacloprid 75%

Mesurol 75 W1.5 - 3??1 Acetycholine Esterase InhibitorsxxxpH of liquid should be below 7, don't apply more than 2 times per year, do not apply with oil$240/qtFred Clarke thrips

Methiocarb 75%

Overture 35 WP

Sue: Sue:Insect Growth Regulator2NoYesUnknownxxTranslaminar, controls insects by both contact and ingestion activity, although contact activity is dominant and faster than ingested activity$97/1 lbFred Clarke thrips

Pyridalyl 35%

Preclude TR

Sue: Sue:Fogger, Insect Growth Regulator2 oz. aerosol can / 1500-3000 sq ftNoYes7 juvenile hormone mimicsxxxxxxxxWill not kill adult thrips, juvenile insect growth regulator.$172/12 2oz

Fenoxycarb 4.8%

Safari 20 SG0.5 - 1No?Yes4A Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor DisruptorsreceptorxxxxUse spreader sticker to increase effectiveness.$395/3 lbEFG uses

Dinotefuran 20%

Sanmite 75 WP1.10

Sue: Sue:1 1 oz bag/25 galNo?No?15 Mitochodria Electron Transport InhibitorsxxAlternate use with other miticides.$87/1 ozEFG uses

Pyridaben 75%

Talstar Flowable0.6 - 1.3YesNo?3 Sodium Channel BlockersxxxxxxxMite control most effective in spring to early summer.$180/gal

Bifenthrin 7.9%

Tristar 70 WSP0.12No?No?No?xxxxDo not apply more than 5 times per year.

Sue: Sue:For a really toxic stew for use in very cold weather when you have lots of protective equipment on, add into a 5 gallon bucket 1 tsp Tristar, 2 oz Cygon and 2 tsp spreader sticker. Not for use on tolumnias.$63/16 grFred Clarke uses

Acetamiprid


Sue: Sue:each packet contains 2 oz, at lower rate will make 25 gal and for severe infestations make 12.5 galNo?Yes?8 Chitin Synthesis InhibitorsxKills mite eggs and nymphs but not adult, apply with adulticide if infested, treated adult mites will not produce viable eggs. Translaminar.$89/lbFred Clarke uses

Etoxazole 5%

Ruben says ardent for thrips and Karmax for weeds


&14Specialty PesticidesTreatment of Orchid Pests&10by Sue Bottom, [email protected]

&D

Fungicides-Bactericides

Chemical Name Active IngredientApplication Rate (tsp/gal)Floral Damage?Systemic ?Bacterial DiseasesFungal RotsLeaf and Flower BlightsComments and Caveats - Always Check Manufacturer's Label for Information on Proper Use and PrecautionsFeb 09 BWI Price

Soft RotBrown RotBrown SpotBlack RotFusarium WiltRoot RotSouthern BlightAnthracnoseLeaf SpotsRustsBotrytis

ErwiniaErwiniaPseuodomonasPythiumFusariumRhizoctoniaSclerotiumColletotrichumCercosporaSphenosporaBotrytis

PhytophthoraGuignardiaUredo

Commonly Available Fungicides and Bactericides

Captan 50W3NoNoxxxxxxDip or spray, directed soil surface spray. Do not use with oil sprays.

Captan

Daconil2.3NoNoxxx

Chlorothalonil

Dithane, Mancozeb

Sue: Sue:Protect DF too4.5 Powder 1 LiquidNoNoxxxLeaves heavy residue on leaves.

Mn,Zn,Ethylene bisdithiocarbamate

Kocide3YesNoxxxxxDo not use with Aliette. Do not use on Dendrobiums.

Copper Hydroxide

Liquid Copper4 - 6YesNoxxxxxDo not use with oil spray. Do not use on Dendrobiums.

Copper salts-fatty,rosin acids

Neem Oil6NoNoxxxInsecticide, Miticide and Fungicide

Neem Oil

Physan (Consan)

Sue: Sue:Can use 10% pool algaecide as a replacement @ 2 tsp/gal, may spot flowers2NoNoxxxSoak divisions for 3-5 min in 1.5 tbsp/gal. Directed soil surface spray for Damping Off. 1.5 tsp/gal for g/h surface and 1 tbsp/gal for pot disinfection.

Quaternary Ammonium Chloride

Phyton 270.8 - 2.4YesNoxxxxxxFungicide and bactericide. Do not use with Aliette. Do not use on Dendrobiums. Do not spray on flowers.

Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate

Specialty Fungicides and Bactericides

Aliette WDG5-9 foliar .8-1.5 drench?YesdrenchCan use as protectant drench, do not spray within 7 days of copper fungicide use, do not mix with Mancozeb, metal ions or spreader sticker.$150/5.5 lb

Fosetyl aluminium 80%

Chipco 260193.0No?YesdrenchxReview label information.$87/2 lb

Iprodione

Banrot 40WP0.5 - 1.1

Sue: Sue:6-12 oz/100 gal drench40 lb/cf 1.1-2.2 cups/100 galtreat 400 sq ft bench spacethen flush pots with half again as much water to distribute in potsYesYesxdrenchdrenchdrenchxxxDo not tank mix with copper, spray as indicated or drench, wash foliage after drench application and water into pot, alternate after 2 consecutive uses, add wetting agent for better coverage.$67/qt

Etridiazole 15% Thiophanate Methyl 25%$38/4-8 oz

Cleary's 3336 WP0.7 - 1NoYesdrenchdrenchdrenchxxxDo not tank mix with copper. Spray as indicated or drench. Alternate after 2 consecutive uses. Add wetting agent for better coverage.$67/qt

Thiophanate Methyl 50%$38/4-8 oz

Compass 50WDG.2 - .4No?Yes?xxxDo not use with organosilicate based products.$472/1 lb

Trifloxystrobin 50%

Exotherm Termil1 can / 1000 ft2NoNoxxxClose all vents, turn all fans off, set can above foliage level in central part of greenhouse and ignite with a propane torch.$82/24

Chlorothalonil

Protect DF

Sue: Sue:Dithane4.5NoNoxxx


Subdue Maxx0.05 (7-30 drops)NoYesdrenchdrenchFor molds caused by water, considered most effective for molds and root and stem rots, prevents and cures disease.$232/qt

Metalaxyl 21.3%

Terraclor 75% WP0.4 - 0.8 drenchNo?YesdrenchdrenchdrenchMostly used as protective drench and soil incorporation$74/gal

Pentachloronitrobenzene 75%

Truban 25% EC0.18 - 0.5?YesdrenchUse as protectant drench, wash foliage after drench application, $64/qt

Etridiazole

Zyban0.75 - 1.5

Sue: Sue:0.75 as preventative, 1.5 as curativeNoYesdrenchdrenchdrenchxxxDo not use on Gloxinia$60/8-6oz

Mancozeb+Thiophanate methyl

&14Fungicides and Bactericides for Treatment of Various Orchid Diseases&10by Sue Bottom, [email protected]

Page &P of &N

Fungicides-Bactericides-Common






Captan

Daconil2.3NoNoxxx

Chlorothalonil

Dithane, Mancozeb




Copper Hydroxide




Neem Oil

Physan (Consan)

Sue: Sue:Can use 10% pool algaecide as a replacement @ 2 tsp/gal, may spot flowers2NoNoxxxSoak divisions for 3-5 min in 1.5 tbsp/gal. Directed soil surface spray for Damping Off. 1.5 tsp/gal for g/h surface and 1 tbsp/gal for pot disinfection.


Phyton 270.8 - 2.4YesNoxxxxxxFungicide and bactericide. Do not use with Aliette. Do not use on Dendrobiums. Do not spray on flowers.


&14Common Fungicides and BactericidesTreatment of Various Orchid Diseases&10by Sue Bottom, [email protected]

&D

Fungicides-Bactericides-spe





Aliette WDG5-9 foliar .8-1.5 drench?YesdrenchCan use as protectant drench, do not spray within 7 days of copper fungicide use, do not mix with Mancozeb, metal ions or spreader sticker.$150/5.5 lb


Chipco 260193.0No?YesdrenchxReview label information.$87/2 lb

Iprodione

Banrot 40WP0.5 - 1.1

Sue: Sue:6-12 oz/100 gal drench40 lb/cf 1.1-2.2 cups/100 galtreat 400 sq ft bench spacethen flush pots with half again as much water to distribute in potsYesYesxdrenchdrenchdrenchxxxDo not tank mix with copper, spray as indicated or drench, wash foliage after drench application and water into pot, alternate after 2 consecutive uses, add wetting agent for better coverage.$67/qt

Etridiazole 15% Thiophanate Methyl 25%$38/4-8 oz

Cleary's 3336 WP0.7 - 1NoYesdrenchdrenchdrenchxxxDo not tank mix with copper. Spray as indicated or drench. Alternate after 2 consecutive uses. Add wetting agent for better coverage.$67/qt

Thiophanate Methyl 50%$38/4-8 oz

Compass 50WDG.2 - .4No?Yes?xxxDo not use with organosilicate based products.$472/1 lb

Trifloxystrobin 50%

Exotherm Termil1 can / 1000 ft2NoNoxxxClose all vents, turn all fans off, set can above foliage level in central part of greenhouse and ignite with a propane torch.$82/24

Chlorothalonil

Protect DF



Subdue Maxx0.05 (7-30 drops)NoYesdrenchdrenchFor molds caused by water, considered most effective for molds and root and stem rots, prevents and cures disease.$232/qt

Metalaxyl 21.3%

Terraclor 75% WP0.4 - 0.8 drenchNo?YesdrenchdrenchdrenchMostly used as protective drench and soil incorporation$74/gal


Truban 25% EC0.18 - 0.5?YesdrenchUse as protectant drench, wash foliage after drench application, $64/qt

Etridiazole

Zyban0.75 - 1.5

Sue: Sue:0.75 as preventative, 1.5 as curativeNoYesdrenchdrenchdrenchxxxDo not use on Gloxinia$60/8-6oz


&14Specialty Fungicides and BactericidesTreatment of Various Orchid Diseases&10by Sue Bottom, [email protected]

&D

2013SpraySch

Greenhouse DisinfectionFungicide and Bactericide ApplicationsPesticide ApplicationsSnake OilsObservations

BotrytisBacterial DiseasesBlack RotLeaf SpotsScaleThripsMites

DateDateChemicalDateChemicalDateChemicalDateChemicalDateChemicalDateHow

Sue: Sue:S - SprayP - Poof buds and flowersO- Outside treatmentD-DrenchB-BombF-FogChemicalDateChemicalDate

January30-JanDistance imidacloprid14-JanPAvidseeing some isolated scale

30-JanS imidacloprid

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

ShadeclothInterior Panels7 Grommets, 13'1" x 17' with grommets along 17' section that runs north south

Exterior Panels7 Grommets, 13' x 11'6"' with grommets along 13' section that runs north south

MultimineralStains flowers. For 1:20 spray, want 5%. Add 24 oz multimineral and 8 oz water so fill to 30 oz line, spray at 8 oz/gal, will make 3.75 gallons each time. 3 Batches for all orchids, uses 9 cups, at 40 cups/2.5 gal, can treat 4.5 times per container. Stains plants and flowers. Used 4 cups in 500 gallon mix, equals 30 ppm Ca (0.25 gal/500gal*60000ppm).

Delete first tableppm Cationppm N or SCitationtarget ppmtsp/gal

Sue: Sue:use density conversion value of .174 oz/tsp per a generic fertilizer formulation http://www.ladyslipper.com/fert.htmhttp://www.firstrays.com/measuring_fertilizers.htmequivalent ppm N or S

Sue: Sue:use density conversion value of .174 oz/tsp per a generic fertilizer formulation http://www.ladyslipper.com/fert.htmhttp://www.firstrays.com/measuring_fertilizers.htmapply aloneCa(NO3)2

Sue: Sue:15.5-0-0-19http://www.southernag.com/labels_msds.html1/3 tsp/gal90Ca73Nhttp://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu/crops/factsheets/FertilizerCalculations.pdf

Sue: Sue:.07 oz/gal is 100 ppm CA, 81.4 ppm NO31200.489890

apply togetherKNO3

Sue: Sue:13-0-46http://www.growercentral.com/index.cfm?siteAction=showFamilyDetails&familyID=234757&CFID=4982355&CFTOKEN=68861/3 tsp/gal200K57Nhttp://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu/crops/factsheets/FertilizerCalculations.pdf


MgSO4

Sue: Sue:16% Magnesiumhttp://www.southernag.com/labels_msds.html1/3 tsp/gal



% N% P% K% otherothertsp/galtarget ppmother ppmconstants

Ca(NO3)2

Sue: Sue:15.5-0-0-19http://www.southernag.com/labels_msds.html1600190.50125Ca102N31-Dectsp/ozhttp://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu/crops/factsheets/FertilizerCalculations.pdf

KNO3

Sue: Sue:13-0-46http://www.growercentral.com/index.cfm?siteAction=showFamilyDetails&familyID=234757&CFID=4982355&CFTOKEN=6886130460.50300K85N

MgSO4

Sue: Sue:16% Magnesiumhttp://www.southernag.com/labels_msds.html110.5275MgS



2012SpraySch


BotrytisBacterial DiseasesBlack RotLeaf SpotsScaleThripsMites


Sue: Sue:S - SprayP - Poof buds and flowersO- Outside treatmentD-DrenchB-BombF-FogChemicalDateChemicalDate

January6-JanExotherm TermilWell water on 1/5/12, a little botyrtis so we bombed gh

February15-Feb5-FebSAvid

March8-MarSAvid30% shade cloth up 3/26, not too many blooms

27-MarSAvid

April2-AprDistance, Imidaclopridclean pond filter and change UV filter 4/30. Not too much in bloom except phals

May25-MayTetrasanAvid Tetrasan cocktail puts a serious hurt on thrips

25-MaySAvid

June7-JunSAvidfucking thrips, switched to pond water on 6/28

July10-JulPhyton 27 (phals)12-JulSAvid10-JulTalstar (phals) Avid/Tetrasan (catasetums)Broad mites on phals? Fog with Resmethrin before watering 7/16, not really effective

16-JulPResmethrin

19-JulP26-Jul

23-JulF

August31-Aug19-AugSubdue (drench)11-AugSConservesomething eating orchids, cockroaches? snails? caterpillars? lots of moths & 1 caterpillar, spread roach & snail bait

20-AugPConserve

26-AugSConserve

SeptemberVanda movngConsan, Copper, Zyban on VandasVanda movngConsan, Copper, Zyban on VandasVanda movngConsan, Copper, Zyban on Vandas6-SepSAvidvandas in HH 9/29, burned roots with bleach/algaecide then final copper, physan, zyban spray

11-SepSOrthene

30-SepSConserve

October5-OctDistance, Imidacloprid5-OctSImidaclopridpoof flowers & buds for thrips 2x/wk change every 3 wks, 30% down 10/15, lime and diat. earth under benches

M8 Th11PAvid

M15 Th18PT23

W31P

November

December9-DecPAvidNo thrip damage, but thrips on flowers 12/8, well water 12/24



MultimineralStains flowers. For 1:20 spray, want 5%. Add 24 oz multimineral and 8 oz water so fill to 30 oz line, spray at 8 oz/gal, will make 3.75 gallons each time. 3 Batches for all orchids, uses 9 cups, at 40 cups/2.5 gal, can treat 4.5 times per container. Stains plants and flowers. Used 4 cups in 500 gallon mix, equals 30 ppm Ca (0.25 gal/500gal*60000ppm).






apply togetherKNO3



MgSO4





Ca(NO3)2

Sue: Sue:15.5-0-0-19http://www.southernag.com/labels_msds.html1600190.50125Ca102N31-Dectsp/ozhttp://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu/crops/factsheets/FertilizerCalculations.pdf

KNO3


MgSO4




2011SpraySch


BotrytisBacterial DiseasesBlack RotLeaf SpotsScaleThripsMitesMessenger


Sue: Sue:S - SprayP - Poof buds and flowersO- Outside treatmentD-DrenchB-BombChemicalDateChemicalDate

January28-JanBanrot (drench)28-JanBanrot (drench)18-JanSConserveFucking thrips!

19-JanPOrthene

24-JanSOOrthene

Sue: Sue:Cygon for outside drench

28-JanDMerit

February9-FebSAvidI love Avid cause thrips hate it!

14-SepSAvid

March3/11 + 3/26 (power wash)30% shade cloth up 3/27, not too many blooms, was it the Merit?

April17-AprBanrot (spray vandas)17-AprBanrot (spray vandas)20-AprDistance (spray cattleyas)1-AprSAvidthrips are back and I was in denial, starting to see a very few crawlers

8-AprSOrthenex

22-AprSOrthenex

MayDid Merit application reduce flowering? Sure haven't had to spray this month though

June

21-JunSAvid

27-JunSConserve

July13-JulLiquid Copper (spray phals)25-JulBanrot (spray all)25-JulBanrot (spray all)21-JulTetrasan Bayer Soap (spray thin leaved + phals)Fish EmulsionMites on cats in 3rd week, black rot on catts and cats at end of month

10-JulSOrthenex

Sue: Sue:old thrip damage on flowers, no active thrips

August20-AugAlgaecide (spray all)9-AugSOrthenex

Sue: Sue:a very few thrips, applied half strength per Scully, 12 gal, 3 tsp/galMultimineral 8/10

September

19-SepSOrthenex

Sue: Sue:thrip damage but see no live thrips, applied half strength per Scully, 12 gal, 3 tsp/gal

26-SepSOrthene

Sue: Sue:thrip damage but see no live thrips, applied half strength per Scully, 12 gal, , 6 tsp (0.5 tsp/gal)

October8-OctAlgaecide (spray vandas)17-OctBayer & Distance (light spray main gh)11-OctSOrthene

Sue: Sue:thrip damage some live thrips, applied half strength per Scully, 12 gal, 6 tsp (0.5 tsp/gal)30% shadecloth down 10/10, thrips again, cycle seems to have halted with underbench spray, then Avid

11-OctDCygon+Merit

Sue: Sue:seems like it was double or triple strength under benches that stopped the thrip cycle

17-OctSAvid

Novembera very few thrips on flowers late in the month

21-NovSAvid

December10-DecKocide (phals and paphs)10-DecBanrot for Collar Rot (phals and paphs)Collar rot on phals, Preclude doesn't seem to be thrip answer, thrips spotted on 12/26

17-DecBPreclude

28-DecSAvid



MultimineralStains flowers. For 1:20 spray, want 5%. Add 24 oz multimineral and 8 oz water so fill to 30 oz line, spray at 8 oz/gal, will make 3.75 gallons each time. 3 Batches for all orchids, uses 9 cups, at 40 cups/2.5 gal, can treat 4.5 times per container. Stains plants and flowers, use half strength next time,






apply togetherKNO3



MgSO4





Ca(NO3)2

Sue: Sue:15.5-0-0-19http://www.southernag.com/labels_msds.html1600190.50125Ca102N0.174tsp/ozhttp://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu/crops/factsheets/FertilizerCalculations.pdf

KNO3


MgSO4




2010SpraySch


BotrytisBacterial DiseasesBlack RotLeaf SpotsScaleThripsMitesMessenger


Sue: Sue:S - SprayP - Poof buds and flowersO- Outside treatmentChemicalDateChemicalDate

January11-JanSubdue11-JanZyban2 week freeze with misters, Botrytis!

February21-FebExotherm Termilmicrofungus on phals and paphs, cold water damage on phals, botrytis!!!

Phal&Paph3-FebKocide

Phal&Paph23-FebPhyton 27

MarchCattleya repotting, drench w/ Banrot, 3/27 put up center panel shadecloth 7 grommets

Thin Leaf27-MarPhyton 2727-MarPhyton 2727-MarTetrasan

AprilFish Emulsionadd banrot to all repotted orchids at 1 tsp/gal

May22-May18-MaySubdue (spray)18-MayDistance18-MayTetrasanFish Emulsionphal triage, spray repotted phals and paphs with phyton; seeing aphids on onc spikes

18-MaySTalstar

June15-Jun23-JunBanrot

Sue: Sue:though Dosatron, next time keep agitated cause it plugs up3-JunZyban

Sue: Sue:Sue:8 gal, 4 tbsp, always difficult cause it plugs sprayerSeaweedWOW, things must be good if there's nothing to bitch about!

Phal&Paph11-JunPhyton 278-JunSConserve

Sue: Sue:flowers only

Thin Leaf23-JunAvid

Sue: Sue:with BT cause I have caterpillars

July19-JulBanrot19-JulBanrot5-JulSConserveFish EmulsionDenial is a wonderful thing except 4 thrips. Started summer nighttime watering (June next yr)

19-JulSConserve

August31-Aug25-AugSubdue (spray)25-AugDistanceSeaweedthrips on buds and flowers - you must start spraying weekly! Erwinia on paphs

Thin16-AugPConserve

25-AugPConserve

Phal&Paph31-AugAlgaecide

September3-SepImidacloprid

Sue: Sue:Bayer Tree and Shrub plugs ortho sprayer filters3-SepSOImidacloprid3-SepImidaclopridSeaweedincredible thrip damage on buds and flowers, some black rot on catts

Paph14-SepPConserve

23-SepPConserve

October3-OctPConserve25-OctTetrasanStill some thrip damage, alternate Conserve, Avid, Orthene, Tetrasan, imidacloprid

7-OctSOConserve

25-OctSAvid

November23-NovBanrot (Microfungus)2-NovSTalstarThrips finally under control

Phal&Paph10-NovSAvid

11-NovPConserve

December30-Dec

Sue: Sue:Cygon, 6 gal, 2 tsp/gal, to kill thrip eggs under benchesMore blooming cattleyas than ever before! well water 12/16

Phals


2009SpraySch


BotrytisBacterial DiseasesBlack RotLeaf SpotsScale, Thrips, etc.MitesMessenger

DateDateChemicalDateChemicalDateChemicalDateChemicalDateChemicalDateChemicalDate

January27-JanExotherm Termil29-JanConsan29-JanSubdue (foliar)29-JanOrthenex19-Jan

Sue: Sue:what I thought was botyrtis on catts might have been thrips!

February9-Feb11-FebExotherm Termil10-FebCaptan10-FebZyban10-FebOrthenex24-Febput up 30% interior shadecloth

March30-Mar12-MarCleary's12-MarTalstar30-Mar

Cattleyas12-MarMerit

Cattleyas1-MarMarathon

Phals12-MarConsan

April22-Apr

May29-May11-MaySubdue drench 2.5 oz in 3 gal @ 1%29-Maymites on emerging catasetums, scale & mites on thin leaf orchids

Catasetum12-MayBayer

Catts/Thin27-MayTalstar27-MayTalstar

June22-JunSubdue (foliar)30-JunCaptan3-JunOrthene

Sue: Sue:thrips and scale22-Juncrawlers crawling, infested with thrips, lots of flower damage

Catts6-JunImidacloprid

10-JunConserve

Sue: Sue:thrips

Catts11-JunDistance

Catts29-JunConserve Distance

Sue: Sue:thrips, scalegreatly reduced from earlier spraying, more precautionary

July3-Jul27-JulSubdue drench 2.5 oz in 3 gal @ 1%29-JulConserve

Sue: Sue:new floral damage, also spray for mites as a preventative29-JulConserve

Sue: Sue:new floral damage, also spray for mites as a preventativeno signs of scale, a very little floral damage (thrips), bud blast from heat

Phals/Thin19-JulKocide

August11-Aug9-AugOrthenex15-Augthrips! lots of buds! some rot on catts & cats, mites on cats

Thin17-AugTalstar

September6-SepSubdue drench 2.5 oz in 3 gal @ 1%22-SepZyban

Sue: Sue:all but catts, mostly for vandas in hoop houses9-Sep and 23-SepDistance Conserve Conserve Orthene

Sue: Sue:9/9: 12.5 gallons, fill to 32 oz, set to 2.5 oz/gal, add 1/2 pack TetraSan, 1 oz. Distance and 4.5 tsp Conserve 9/23: Conserve and Orthene for thrips9-SepTetraSansome rot, lots of bud blast, heat? mites on cats, thrip damage showing up, lots of buds

Phals24-SepKocide

October24-OctBanrot drench 3 cups in 3 gal @ 1%24-OctBanrot drench 3 cups in 3 gal @ 1%some black rot on catts

Novemberremove shadecloth in November next year

December7-DecCaptan7-DecDistance7-DecTetrasansome scale, removed interior shadecloth, do before move schoms in next year

PhalsKocide


PesticidesPresentation

Chemical Name Active IngredientApplication Rate (tsp/gal)Floral Damage?Systemic?ScaleMealybugsThripsWhitefliesAphidsMitesCaterpillarsFungus GhatsComments and Caveats - Always Check PProduct Label for Information on Proper Use and Precautions


Bayer 3 in 115.75No?YesxxxxxDo not use with summer oil. Use with weak fertilizer to enhance uptake.

Imidacloprid 0.47%



Sue: Sue:5.25No?YesxxxxDo not use with summer oil. Use with weak fertilizer to enhance uptake.

Imidacloprid 1.47%

Kelthane 50W2NoNox

Dicofol 51%

Malathion 50% EC3NoNoxxxxxHarms some ferns.

Malathion 50% EC

Neem Oil6NoNoxxxxxInsecticide, Miticide and Fungicide

Neem Oil

Orthene Powder1NoYes?xxxxxRepeat at 2 week intervals if crawlers continuously appearing. Apply no more than 3 times consecutively. Can be mixed with fungicide.

Acephate 97%

Orthenex6NoYes?xxxxxsuppresionFenbutatin oxide is a miticide, Acephate is an insecticide. Same additional comments as for Orthene above.



Permetrol1.3NoNoxxxxxx

Permethrin 10%

Safer 3-in-148NoNoxxxxxxxUse only if temperatures below 90oF. Don't apply within 30 days of using oil sprays. Don't apply to ferns.


Summer Oil Spray2.5YesNoxxxxxxxUse only if temperatures below 90oF. Don't apply within 30 days of using sulfur or mix with fungicide, copper or Captan. Don't apply to ferns or palms.

Paraffinic Oil

Thuricide2 - 4NoNoxx



Avid0.24-mites 0.48-thripsNo?No?suppresionsuppresionsuppresionxHarms some ferns. Use weekly for 3 weeks when thrips immature then alternate. Residual control may be enhanced by adding summer oil.

Abanectin 2.0%

Conserve0.36-thrips 1.2-mitesNoNoxsuppresionCan be used 3 times consecutively on one generation of thrips then alternate. Spray flowers, then use Marathon II for systemic control (avoiding flowers).

Spinosad 11.6%

Distance

Sue: Sue:Insect Growth Regulator0.48-0.72No?YesxxxxHarms some ferns.

Pyriproxygen 11.23%

Marathon II0.10YesYesxxsuppresionxxApply to cattleyas only, no dendrobiums and no thin leafed orchids. Do not use with summer oil. Use with weak fertilizer to enhance uptake.

Imidacloprid 21.4%

Merit 75WP0.10Yes!YesxxxxSee Marathon comments. Note that Merit is 3 times stronger although the same application rate is listed, very phytotoxic at this application rate.

Imidacloprid 75%

Safari 20 SG0.5 - 1No?YesxxxxUse spreader sticker to increase effectiveness.

Dinotefuran

Talstar Flowable0.6 - 1.3YesNo?xxxxxxxMite control most effective in spring to early summer.

Bifenthrin 7.9%


Sue: Sue:each packet contains 2 oz, at lower rate will make 25 gal and for severe infestations make 12.5 galNo?Yes?xKills mite eggs and nymphs but not adult, apply with adulticide if infested, treated adult mites will not produce viable eggs. Translaminar.

Etoxazole 5%

Fung-BactPresentation

Chemical Name Active IngredientApplication Rate (tsp/gal)Floral Damage?Systemic ?Bacterial DiseasesFungal RotsLeaf and Flower BlightsComments and Caveats - Always Check Manufacturer's Label for Information on Proper Use and Precautions




Commonly Available Fungicides and Bactericides


Captan

Daconil2.3NoNoxxx

Chlorothalonil

Dithane, Mancozeb




Copper Hydroxide




Neem Oil

Physan (Consan)

Sue: Sue:Can use 10% pool algicide as a replacement @ 2 tsp/gal, may spot flowers2NoNoxxxSoak divisions for 3-5 min in 1.5 tbsp/gal. Directed soil surface spray for Damping Off. 1.5 tsp/gal for g/h surface and 1 tbsp/gal for pot disinfection.


Phyton 270.8 - 2.4YesNoxxxxxFungicide and bactericide. Do not use with Aliette. Do not use on Dendrobiums.


Specialty Fungicides and Bactericides

Aliette WDG5-9 foliar .8-1.5 drench?YesdrenchCan use as protectant drench, do not spray within 7 days of copper fungicide use, do not mix with Mancozeb, metal ions or spreader sticker.


Chipco 260193.0No?YesdrenchxReview label information.

Iprodione

Cleary's 3336 WP0.7 - 1NoYesdrenchdrenchdrenchxxxDo not tank mix with copper. Spray as indicated or drench. Alternate after 2 consecutive uses. Add wetting agent for better coverage.

Thiophanate Methyl 50%

Compass 50WDG.2 - .4No?Yes?xxx

Trifloxystrobin 50%

Exotherm Termil1 can / 1000 ft2NoNoxxxClose all vents, turn all fans off, set can above foliage level in central part of greenhouse and ignite with a propane torch.

Chlorothalonil

Protect DF



Subdue Maxx0.05 (7-30 drops)NoYesdrenchdrenchFor molds caused by water, considered most effective for molds and root and stem rots, prevents and cures disease.

Metalaxyl 21.3%

Terraclor 75% WP0.4 - 0.8 drenchNo?YesdrenchdrenchdrenchMostly used as protective drench and soil incorporation


Truban 25% EC0.18 - 0.5?YesdrenchUse as protectant drench, wash foliage after drench application,

Etridiazole

Zyban0.75 - 1.5

Sue: Sue:0.75 as preventative, 1.5 as curativeNoYesdrenchdrenchdrenchxxxDo not use on Gloxinia


Comments and Caveats - Check Manufacturer's Label for Information on Proper Use and Precautions

DosatronCalcs

1. Convert the ppm recommendation to a weight basis (oz/100 gal)

70desired ppm

15% nitrogen in fertilizerMiracleGro 15-5-15 CaMag

16% nitrogen in fertilizerJack's Ca-Mg Well Water

6.2oz fert/gal H2OMiracleGro 15-5-15 CaMag

5.8oz fert/gal H2OJack's Ca-Mg Well Water

2. Adjust the rate from step 1 for bucket fill level (oz)5galfill level

0.3oz fert in bucketMiracleGro 15-5-15 CaMag

0.3oz fert in bucketJack's Ca-Mg Well Water

3. Adjust the rate from step 3 for the injector ratio0.2%1:500

1.0injection ratio (%)0.5%1:200

100injection ratio1.0%1:100

29.17oz by wt in bucketJack's Ca-Mg Well Water2.0%1:50

3.65cup by vol in bucket

Jack's Professional 16-4-20-3-1 Orchid Well Water

Desired Application Rate (tsp/gal)

0.3Jack's Professional 16-4-20-3-1 Orchid Well Water1 tsp200 ppm N

Injector Setting0.5 tsp100 ppm N

1.0injection ratio (%)0.25 tsp50 ppm N

100injection ratio0.1 tsp20 ppm N

Addition Rate (cups/5 gal)

3.4cups added to full bucket

Fish Emulsion


1.0Fish Emulsion

Injector Setting

1.0injection ratio (%)

100injection ratio



data entry cell

calculated cell

5gal

500100:1 ratio

0.3tsp/gal

165tsp for 500 gal3 tsp/tbsp, 2 tbsp/oz, 8 oz/cup

3cups in 500 gal

DosatronPastApp

1. Convert the ppm recommendation to a weight basis (oz/100 gal)

100desired ppm

12% nitrogen in fertilizerJack's Ca-Mg RO

16% nitrogen in fertilizerJack's Ca-Mg Well Water

11.1oz fert/gal H2OJack's Ca-Mg RO

8.3oz fert/gal H2OJack's Ca-Mg Well Water

2. Adjust the rate from step 1 for bucket fill level (oz)5galfill level

0.6oz fert/bucketJack's Ca-Mg RO

0.4oz fert/bucketJack's Ca-Mg Well Water

3. Adjust the rate from step 3 for the injector ratio0.2%1:500

1.0injection ratio (%)0.5%1:200

100injection ratio1.0%1:100

41.67oz by wt in bucketJack's Ca-Mg Well Water2.0%1:50

5.21cup by vol in bucket

Jack's Professional 16-4-20-3-1 Orchid Well Water


0.1Jack's Professional 16-4-20-3-1 Orchid Well Water1 tsp200 ppm N

Injector Setting0.5 tsp100 ppm N

0.5injection ratio (%)0.1 tsp20 ppm N

200injection ratio



Fish Emulsion


1.0Fish Emulsion

Injector Setting

0.5injection ratio (%)

200injection ratio



data entry cell

calculated cell

5gal

500100:1 ratio

3tsp/gal

1500tsp for 500 gal3 tsp/tbsp, 2 tbsp/oz, 8 oz/cup

31cups in 500 gal

Diseases

Orchid Genera Commonly AffectedSymptoms of DiseasePathogen Causing DiseaseTreatment

AngraecumYellow spot on leaf undersurface, spot enlarges in irreregular pattern, becomes sunken and turns purplish brown to black. The corresponding top leaf surface becomes first chlorotic and finally necrotic.Cercospora Leaf Spot caused by Cercospora angraeciSanitize plant, reduce leaf wetness. Systemic fungicide like thiophanate methyl (like Cleary's 3336) or protectant fungicide like mancozeb. Alternate systemic and protectant fungicide use.

CattleyaSmall necrotic sunken blackened spots Bacterial Brown Spot caused by Pseudomonas cattleyaePhysan or captan as bactericides and copper based fungicides (will cause flower damage).

Damping off of seedlings as the fungus invades the soil line causing water soaked lesions that enlarge rapidly OR dark to black lesions on roots, stems or leaves. Leaf lesions may be soft and one sided on the leaf.Black Rot caused by Pythium ultimum and Phytophthora cactorumDrenches of Truban or Terrazole or systemic fungicides like Aliette or Subdue

Yellow, thin shriveled leaves and pseudobulbs that are somewhat twisted. Causes root rot. Diagnostic symptom is found in rhizome as a circle or band of purple discoloration in the epidermis and hypodermis with light pink vascular bundles. Fusarium Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cattleyaeDiscard infected part of rhizome and pseudobulb, plant only part of plant showing no purple discoloration. Drench or dip sanitized plants in a thiophanate methyl (like Cleary's 3336) or iprodione based fungicide.

Brown discoloration on leaves which is round or irregular, more or less sunken, yellow to light green and sharply defined. As disease progresses, fruiting bodies develop in dead areas.Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gleosporioides and Glomerella speciesSanitize plant, reduce leaf wetness. Systemic fungicide like thiophanate methyl (like Cleary's 3336) or protectant fungicide like mancozeb. Alternate systemic and protectant fungicide use.

Large circular to irregular spots on lower surface of mature cattleya leaves OR uniform tiny spots on the lower surface of leaves. Tiny, slightly sunken, purple brown spots, can be thousands of tiny spots. Upper leaf surface becomes chlorotic.Cercospora Leaf Spot caused by Cercospora speciesSanitize plant, reduce leaf wetness. Systemic fungicide like thiophanate methyl (like Cleary's 3336) or protectant fungicide like mancozeb. Alternate systemic and protectant fungicide use.

DendrobiumLight yellow spots on leaf undersides. Spots enlarge in circular pattern, may become slightly sunken and purple-black with advancing margin remaining yellow. A yellow green area may be noted on top of leaf. Old spots are purplish black. Cercospora Leaf Spot caused by Cercospora dendrobiiSanitize plant, reduce leaf wetness. Systemic fungicide like thiophanate methyl (like Cleary's 3336) or protectant fungicide like mancozeb. Alternate systemic and protectant fungicide use.

Tiny sunken yellow lesions on either leaf surface which continue to enlarge into circular or irregular patterns, eventually causing leaf drop.Septoria Leaf Spot caused by Septoria selenophomoidesSanitize plant, reduce leaf wetness. Systemic fungicide like thiophanate methyl (like Cleary's 3336) or protectant fungicide like mancozeb. Alternate systemic and protectant fungicide use.

MiltoniaWater soaked spots on the tip or margin of a leaf, often on newly developing leaves, which spreads to pseudobulb. Pseudobulb becomes yellow to orange, and looks like it is eaten or burned away. They become tough and leathery.Miltonia scorch or bacterial tip burn and streak caused by unidentified bacteriaCut away diseased parts. Apply Physan or captan as bactericides and copper based fungicides (will cause flower damage).

OncidiumTiny, slightly sunken, purple brown spots with a raised light tan center on the leaf underside. With age, the entire spot becomes sunken and may coalesce with other spots. Upper leaf surface becomes chlorotic.Cercospora Leaf Spot caused by Cercospora speciesSanitize plant, reduce leaf wetness. Systemic fungicide like thiophanate methyl (like Cleary's 3336) or protectant fungicide like mancozeb. Alternate systemic and protectant fungicide use.

PaphiopedilumSmall round to oval water soaked spots often in the middle of the leaf. Color changes from light brown to very dark chestnut brown enlarging in all directions. Brown Rot caused by the bacteria Erwinia cypripediiPhysan or captan as bactericides and copper based fungicides (will cause flower damage). May become systemic within host if it reaches the crown or stem and therefore incurable so the plant should be destroyed.

PhaiusTiny sunken yellow spots on leaf undersides. As disease advances, spotting is visible on both leaf surfaces, enlarging to about 1/4 in. They are sunken purplish-black with a raised margin of darker colorCercospora Leaf Spot caused by Cercospora epipactidisSanitize plant, reduce leaf wetness. Systemic fungicide like thiophanate methyl (like Cleary's 3336) or protectant fungicide like mancozeb. Alternate systemic and protectant fungicide use.

PhaiusOrange yellow patches on leaf underside enlarging in circular pattern which may eventually cover the entire lower surface. Top surface of leaves becomes chlorotic.Rust caused by Uredo behnickianaIsolate and sanitize plants. Apply Captan fungicide.

PhalaenopsisSmall water soaked lesion which turns brown or black, may have yellow edgesBacterial Brown Spot caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas cattleyaePhysan or captan as bactericides and copper based fungicides (will cause flower damage).

Dark greyish green lesion that rapidly enlarges, affected areas are soft decayed, brown in color and offensive smellingBacterial Soft Rot caused by the bacterias Erwinia carotovora and Erwinia chrysanthemiPhysan or captan as bactericides and copper based fungicides (phytotoxic)

Base of stem turns light yellow , later dark brown, and infections spreads to roots and leaves. White fungus growth can sometimes be seen on stems. Rapid collapse and rotting of roots, pseuodobulbs and leaves. Thrives at 85oF and high humidity. Collar Rot (syn Southern Blight or Orchid Wilt) caused by the fungus Sclerotium rolfsiiApply Captan, Cleary's and Dithane weekly for three weeks. Apply Cleary's as a drench after repotting. May have to remove infected plants and destroy them.

VandaUniform tiny, slightly sunken, purple brown spots on the lower surface of leaves. Upper leaf surface becomes chlorotic and may become purple brown with ageCercospora Leaf Spot caused by Cercospora speciesSanitize plant, reduce leaf wetness. Systemic fungicide like thiophanate methyl (like Cleary's 3336) or protectant fungicide like mancozeb. Alternate systemic and protectant fungicide use.

Tiny dark purple elongated lesions on either leaf surface. Lesions are parallel to veins elongating into diamond shaped areas. With age, may turn tan and raised black fruiting bodies develop.Guignardia Leaf Spot caused by Guignardia speciesSanitize plant, reduce leaf wetness. Use Captan,, mancozeb or thiophanate methyl based fungicides. Repeat applications required.

Orchid Diseases Commonly Affecting Orchids Organized by Genusby Sue Bottom, [email protected]&

Page &P of &N

Monthly Checklist

MonthTo Dos

JanVent greenhouse with fans to keep fresh

Feb

MarStart repotting Mar 1, Repot phals, drench with consan

AprRepot zygos, phaius, paphs, catts

MayRepott catts, Finish all major repotting by May 31

JunRaise temp fans kick on to 83 and 86

JulWhen really hot and humid so water wall doesn't work and temperatures get over 92, set vent to on; at 10 am set exhaust fans to on, wet down floor and walls with 2 tsp/gal algicide and mist plants with 1 tsp/gal algicide at 10, noon and 2, fans back to auto at 7 pm, drain water wall tank twice at each spraying to keep water cool

Aug

Sep

OctLower temp fans kick on to 81 and 85

Nov

Dec

OrchidDigest

VolumeYearIssueCostSpecial Issues of Interest

123456

391975

401976

411977

421978

431979XXXXXX$14.76

cdc: cdc:ebay

441980

451981

461982

4719833-Aerides odoratum

481984

491985XXXXXX$12.16

cdc: cdc:ebay

501986XXXXXX$12.16

cdc: cdc:ebay

511987XXXX$12.16

cdc: cdc:ebay

521988XXXX*$12.16

cdc: cdc:ebay4Q $1.125

531989XXX*X$12.16

cdc: cdc:ebay3Q$1.125

541990XXXX$4.50

551991XX*XX*$13.49

cdc: cdc:ebay2&4Q@$2.25

561992XXXX$14.99

571993eh

581994XXXX$14.99

591995XXXX$40.00

cdc: cdc:subscription

601996XXXX$20.00


611997XXXX$20.00


621998XXXX$20.00


631999XXXX$30.00


642000XXXX$20.00


652001XXX$20.00


662002XXXX$40.00

cdc: cdc:special issue from Orchid Digest

672003XXXX$40.00

682004XXXX$40.00


692005XXXX$40.00

702006XXXX$50.00


712007XXXX$38.50


722008XX$34.00


732009

742010

$576.03

&"Arial,Bold"&12Orchid Digest

Fung-Bact Delete

Product Name (active ingredients)Application Rate (tsp/gal)Damages Flowers?Systemic?TreatsCommentsPersonal Recommendations

Aliette4 - 7.5?YesDamping Off, Pythium and Phytophthora Root and Stem RotsCan use as protectant drench, do not spray within 7 days of copper fungicide use, do not mix with Mancozeb or spreader sticker,Ruben recommends

Captan 50W3No??Anthracnose, Black Spot, Botrytis, Brown Rot, ScabDip or spray, directed soil surface spray. Do not use with oil sprays.Fred Clarke recommends spraying in Feb and Nov

Cleary's 3336 WP (Thiophanate Methyl)2 as Spray .75-1/gal as drenchNoYesAnthracnose, Ascochyta, Black Spot, Botrytis, Cercospora, Phomopsis, Septoria (does not control Pythium or Phytophthora), maybe Sclerotinia (from Geiger's).do not tank mix with copper. Spray as indicated to left or drench for stem, crown and root rots, including botrytis, fusarium, rhizoctonia and sclerotinia, Alternate after 2 consecutive uses, Add wetting agent for better coverageRuben recommends

Compass (Trifloxystrobin)Anthracnose, Black Spot, Botrytis, Downy Mildew, Septoria Leaf Spot, Powdery Mildew, Rust, Scab, Myrothecium, and Rhizotonia.Ruben recommends

Consan, Physan Fungicide, Bacteriacide and Algacide2NoNoBotrytis, Damping Off, ErwiniaSoak divisions for 3-5 min in 1.5 tbsp/gal, Directed soil surface spray for Damping Off, 1 1/2 tsp/gal for g/h surface disinfection, 1 tbsp/gal for pots, etc. disinfection, 1 oz/30 gal for evap cooler every other week

Daconil (Chlorothalonil)2.3MaybeNoAnthracnose, Black Spot, Botrytis, Cercospora, Phytophthora, Sclerotinia (from Geiger's).Not mentioned in any of the orchid books, Not labeled for orchids, For outdoor use only

Dithane M45, Mancozeb, Protect T/O (Mn, Zn and ethylene bisdithiocarbamate)Dry - 4.5, Wet - 1NoNoAnthracnose Blights, Brown Rot Blight (Sclerotinia), Flower Blights (Botrytis, Sclerotinia), Leaf Spot (Cercospora, Septoria), RhizoctoniaLeaves heavy residue on leaves

Exotherm Termil (chlorothalonil (tetrachloroisophthalonitrile))I can/1000 sq ft greenhouse areaNo?Leafspots and Foliar Blights (Cercospora, Fusarium, Septoria) Flower Spots and Blights (Botrytis), Phytophthora Leaf Blight, RustsClose all vents, turn all fans off, set can above foliage level in central part of greenhouse and ignite with a propane torch

Immunex2?NoAnthracnose, Leaf Spots, MildewsNot mentioned in any of the orchid books, Not labeled for orchids, Believe for outdoor use only

Kocide3YesNoAnthracnose, Bacterial Blight, Black Spot, Leaf Spot, Powdery Mildew, ScabDo not use with Aliette, Do not use on Dendrobiums/

Liquid Copper4 - 6YesNoAnthracnose, Bacterial Spot, Botrytis, Cercospora, Early Blight. Leaf Spots, Melanose, MildewsDo not use with oil spray

Phyton 271Yes?NoFungicide and bactericide

Pool Algicide (10%)2NoNoUse as a Consan replacement, sterilize greenhouse, pots and plants, will cause spotting on flowersClaudia recommends

Rovral (Iprodione)?YesUse as a drench. Use no more than 3 times in 12 months to prevent resistant strain development. GET MORE INFO FROM LABEL

Subdue (metalaxyl)0.05 (7 - 30 drops)NoYesDamping Off, Pythium and Phytophthora Root and Stem RotsFor molds caused by water, considered most effective for molds and root and stem rots, prevents and cures disease

Truban0.3 - 1?YesDamping Off, Pythium and Phytophthora Root and Stem RotsCan use as protectant drench, wash foliage after drench application, GET MORE INFO FROM LABEL

Zyban (Cleary's + Dithane)0.75 as preventative, 1.5 as curativeNoYesAnthracnose, Botrytis, Flower Spot and Blight (Sclerotinia), Leaf Spot and Blight (Botrytis, Cercospora, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Septoria)Do not use on Gloxinia

Combinations

Orthenex Insect & Disease Control (acephate, resmethrin, triforine)Aerosol CanNoYesPests: Aphids, Mealybugs, Scales, Thrips, Mites Diseases: Black Spot, Mildew, RustCan use as a bomb by spraying over entire growing area

Advanced Bayer All-in-One Rose & Flower Care6Yes, for MonthsYesPests: Aphids, Mealybugs, Scales, Thrips Diseases: Black Spot, Mildew, Rust, BlightHigh dose will hurt leaves, For flowerbed application; 1 oz/gal so one 32 oz container per 2 gallons of water in eductor bucket

&12Fungicides for Use on Orchids

&F/&A&D

Pesticides Delete

Product Name (active ingredients)Application Rate (tsp/gal)Damages Flowers?Systemic?TreatsCommentsPersonal Recommendations

Avid (abamectin)Mites, Leafminers, Aphids, Thrips, WhitefilesRuben recommends

Cygon 2E (dimethoate)1.5YesNoScale, MealybugsSome growers have reported severe phytotoxicity after using Cygon. Use in cool weather only. Not for use on tolumnias.Fred Clarke recommends spraying in Feb and Nov

Discus (imidacloprid, cyfluthrin )1.5YesYesAphids, Mealybugs, Mites, Scales, Thrips, WhitefliesRuben recommends

Distance (pyriproxyfen)Whiteflies, ScalesRuben recommends

Enstar (kinoprene)

Floramite (bifenazate)Spider MitesMix with Mavrik for spider mite controlGeorge Hausermann recommends

Kelthane (dicofol) 2NoNoSpider Mites

Knox Out 2FM (diazinon)

Sue: Sue:diazinon bannedScales

Malathion 50% EC3NoNoAphids, Mealybugs, Scale Harms some ferns

Marathon 1% (imidacloprid)2 ml/4 galNo???YesScalesApply to cattleyas only, no dendrobiums and no thin leafed orchids. Do not use with summer oil. Use with weak fertilizer to enhance uptake.Donnie Kim recommends

Mavrik Aqua Flow (fluvalinate)0.3NoNoAphids, Mites, WhitefliesGood broad spectrum insecticideGeorge Hausermann recommends

Merit (imidacloprid)0.1 as foliarYes, for MonthsYesScale, Aphids, WhitefliesDo not use with summer oil. Use with weak fertilizer to enhance uptake. Can be used as drench 3-4 tsp/1000 sq ft

Oil Spray2.5YesNoMealybugs, Scale, Spider Mites, WhitefliesTemperatures should be below 90oF. Do not apply within 30 days of using sulfur. Do not tank mix with fungicide or copper. Do not apply with Captan. Do not apply to Maidenhair or Cocos palms. Can be used to shine leaves.

Orthene 755 powder (acephate)1NoYes?Aphids, Mealybugs, Scale, Thrips, Whiteflies Repeat at 2 week intervals if crawlers continuously appearing. Apply no more than 3 times consecutively. Can be mixed with fungicide.

Orthenex (was Isotox) (fenbutatin oxide, acephate)6NoYes?Aphids, Mealybugs, Mites, Scales, Thrips, WhitefliesRepeat at 2 week intervals if crawlers continuously appearing. Apply no more than 3 times consecutively. Can be mixed with fungicide.

Pentac?NoResidualMitesSlow acting, long residual action.

Safari 20 SG (Dinotefuran, (RS)-1-methyl-2-nitro-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl) guanidinefurylmethyl)guanidine)Yes?Good broad spectrum insecticideGeorge Hausermann recommends

Sanmite [2-tert-butyl-5-(4-tert-butylbenzylthio)-4-chloropyridazin-3(2H)-one]MitesGeorge Hausermann recommends

Talstar (bifenthrin).7 - 2.4NoNoCaterpillars, Spider Mites, Fungus Gnats, Aphids, Mealy Bugs, Leafminers & Rollers, Scales, Thrips, White Flies

Tristar (acetamiprid)0.2??Mealybugs, Scale, Spider Mites, WhitefliesFor a really toxic stew for use in very cold weather when you have lots of protective equipment on, add into a 5 gallon bucket 1 tsp Tristar, 2 oz Cygon and 2 tsp spreader sticker. Not for use on tolumnias.Fred Clarke recommends spraying in Feb and November

Combinations

Orthenex Insect & Disease Control (acephate, resmethrin, triforine)Aerosol CanNoYesPests: Aphids, Mealybugs, Scales, Thrips, Mites Diseases: Black Spot, Mildew, RustCan use as a bomb by spraying over entire growing area

Advanced Bayer All-in-One Rose & Flower Care (imidacloprid, tebucanazole)6Yes, for MonthsYesPests: Aphids, Mealybugs, Scales, Thrips, Mites Diseases: Black Spot, Mildew, Rust, BlightHigh dose will hurt leaves, For flowerbed application; 1 oz/gal so one 32 oz container per 2 gallons of water in eductor bucket

&12Pesticides and Bactericides for Use on Orchids

&F/&A&D

PesticidesWebsiteDelete

Chemical Name Active IngredientApplication Rate (tsp/gal)Floral Damage?Systemic ?ScaleMealybugsThripsWhitefliesAphidsMitesCaterpillarsFungus GhatsComments and Caveats - Always Check Manufacturer's Label for Information on Proper Use and PrecautionsFeb 09 BWI Price


Bayer Tree & Shrub5 - 6Yes?YesxxxxApply to cattleyas only, no dendrobiums and no thin leafed orchids. Do not use with summer oil. Use with weak fertilizer to enhance uptake.

Imidacloprid 1.47%

Cygon 2E1.5YesNoxxxxxNot labeled for use on orchids, some growers have reported severe phytotoxicity after use. Use in cool weather only. Not for use on tolumnias.

Dimethoate

Kelthane 50W2NoNox

Dicofol

Malathion 50% EC3NoNoxxxxxHarms some ferns.

Malathion

Neem Oil6NoNoxxxxxInsecticide, Miticide and Fungicide

Neem Oil

Summer Oil Spray2.5YesNoxxxxxxxUse only if temperatures below 90oF. Don't apply within 30 days of using sulfur or mix with fungicide, copper or Captan. Don't apply to ferns or palms.

Paraffinic Oil

Orthene 755 Powder1NoYes?xxxxxRepeat at 2 week intervals if crawlers continuously appearing. Apply no more than 3 times consecutively. Can be mixed with fungicide.

Acephate

Orthenex6NoYes?xxxxxFenbutatin oxide is a miticide, Acephate is an insecticide. Same additional comments as for Orthene above.

Fenbutatin oxide, Acephate

Permetrol1.3NoNoxxxxxx

Permethrin

Thuricide2 - 4NoNox



Marathon II0.10Yes?YesxxxxApply to cattleyas only, no dendrobiums and no thin leafed orchids. Do not use with summer oil. Use with weak fertilizer to enhance uptake.$240/qt

Imidacloprid

Talstar Nursery0.60Yes?No?xxxxxxx$180/gal

Bifenthrin

Tristar 70 WSP0.12No?No?xxxxDo not apply more than 5 times per year.

Sue: Sue:For a really toxic stew for use in very cold weather when you have lots of protective equipment on, add into a 5 gallon bucket 1 tsp Tristar, 2 oz Cygon and 2

Documents

Orchid Pests and Diseases Diagnosis, Treatment … Pests and Diseases Diagnosis, ... will yellow and may darken and can cause the leaf ... Removing old flowers may reduce the number