Oracle Introduction

Oracle

OutlineOracle?OracleOracleSQL*PlusOracleASPOracle

Oracle?OracleOracleOracle9i Server

Oracle1977Redwood Shores901452000200053110143http://www.oracle.com/tw http://otn.oracle.com

Oracle?

Oracle9i Server Data AccessibilityProcedural CapabilitiesDistributed ProcessingParallel QueryEnterprise Manager

OracleOracle Oracle Oracle Database instanceDatabase filesOracle

Oracle A databaseA instanceClient ABCB databaseB instanceClient DEFC databaseC instanceClient GHI

Oracle Oracle Instance Instance Instance Process DatabaseInstanceDBA

Oracle Oracle Oracle DBADBA (SYSSYSTEM)Oracle InstanceTuning

Oracle ClientSQLPLUSUser processProcessSQLServer processServer processResultServer processparseSQLSGAData bufferUser process

PMONLCKNRECORECOSGAShared PoolDatabase Buffer CacheRedo Log BufferServerUser

Oracle Oracle instanceSGAOracle ProcessDatabase filesDatafile Redo log fileArchived fileControl file

Oracle

OracleOracle Oracle Oracle Database instanceData filesOracle

Database instanceOracle instanceClientServer( SGA, System Global Area ) Server Client Background process Oracle instance

Oracle Instance SGAShared PoolDatabase Buffer CacheRedo Log BufferOracle processes

Mount Oracle instanceOracleinstancemountmountsession

System Global Area (SGA)OracleSystem Global Area (SGA)SGA Background Process ()Oracle Instance ()

System Global Area (SGA)SGAShared PoolDatabase Buffer CacheRedo Log BufferShared PoolDatabase Buffer CacheRedo Log Buffer

Shared PoolShared Pool Library CacheDictionary Cache(control structures)SQLOracle(parse)(parse treeexecution plan)

Library CacheLibrary CacheShared SQL AreaPrivate SQL AreaPL/SQL (Control structures)Library CacheSQLPL/SQLSQLCompileSQL parse tree

Data Dictionary CacheData Dictionary Cache(User Process)Oracle9iSQL

Database Buffer CacheSQLCacheOracleDatabase Buffer CacheI/OCache

Redo Log BufferRedo log bufferRedo log fileRedo Log BufferOracleRedo Log BufferOracle

Process()OracleProcess User Process Oracle tools code Application Oracle Process Oracle server code Server process Background process

User ProcessSQLPro*COracle ToolsSQL*plusOracle FormOracle User Process

Oracle ProcessOracle ProcessServer ProcessBackground Process

Server ProcessServer ProcessUser Process(request)OracleUser ProcessServer ProcessServer ProcessUser ProcessSQLUser Process

Server Process(1)Parse()SQL(2)DatafileData block()Oracle

Background processBackground processServer processBackground ProcessServerProcessOracle(Shutdown)

(Background process)(DBWR)(LGWR)(ARCH)(CKPT)(SMON)(PMON)(RECO)

(DBWR)Oracle(SGA)DBWRDBWR(Dirty Buffer)Data fileDBWRBuffer cacheDatafileDBWR

(LGWR)LGWR (Log Writer)(Commit)LGWRRedo EntriesOracleRedo EntriesRedo Log BufferCommitLGWRRedo EntriesRedo Log Buffer

(ARCH)ARCHLGWRARCH(Offline Redo Log)Oracle

(CKPT)DBWRCKPTCKPTDBWR(Data Blocks)(Database Buffer Cache)(Data File)CKPTDBWRCKPTCommit

(SMON)SMONCrash RecoveryOracle(System Monitor)SMON

(PMON)Process Monitor (PMON)ClientUser Process

(RECO)OracleOracleRecover (RECO) (Distributed Transaction)

Database FilesDataFileRedo Log FileArchived FileControl File

DataFile()Oracle(Data File)(Database)(Table)(Index)(Data Files)Datafile

Redo Log Files()(Transaction)Commit()Oracle(Transaction)Redo Log FileCommit OracleCommit

Redo Log Files()Redo Log File MirrorCrashOracleRedo Log FileRedo Log FilesRedo Log FileRedo Log FileRedo Log File

Archived FilesArchivedRedo log fileRedo log fileOracleLogArchived fileOpen

Archived FilesRedo log file 1Redo log file 2Redo log file 3Archived file 1Redo log file 2Redo log file 3Log switching

Control Files()Control File(Database Name)(Data File)(Redo Log Files)Control file

Oracle TablespaceData BlockExtentSegmentSchema objects

TablespaceTablespace systemTablespaceTablespaceDatabaseProceduresFunctionsPackagesTriggersSYSTEM

TablespaceTablespaceData FileData FileDBATablespaceORACLESYSTEM

Tablespace?OracleDBATablespaceOffline()TablespaceObject(Table)DBA

Tablespace

ORACLE(Table)(View)(Privilege)(Role)(Schema)TableViewSnapshotIndexClusterSequenceProcedureFunctionPackageTrigger

(Integrity constraint) (Audit)SQL

(Table)(View)(Base Table)ORACLEORACLE

(User Accessible Views)ORACLESYS

ORACLE(Default Tablespace)

ORACLESQL(View)ORACLESYSTEM (Tablespace)(Prefix)

PrefixUSER(Prefix)USER SQL> SELECT TABLE_NAME,TABLESPACE_NAME 2 FROM USER_TABLES;

PrefixALLALLSQL SQL> SELECT TABLE_NAME, TABLESPACE_NAME 2 FROM ALL_TABLES;

PrefixDBADBADBADBA(SYSSYSTEM)SYS DBA SQL> SELECT TABLE_NAME, TABLESPACE_NAME 2 FROM SYS.DBA_TABLES;

Data Block Data block OracleI/OData blockDB_BLOCK_SIZEO.S. blocks

Extent Data blockExtentTableOracle9i Extent

Segment ExtentSegmentSegmentObjectTable segmentIndex segment

Schema objectsOracleSchemaPeterPeterSchemaSchema objectsTableViewSynonymSequenceIndex

OracleNet Service

Oracle

Dedicated server process()OracleOracle serverClientUser processDedicated server process

Dedicated server process

MTSUser processDispatcherDispatcherCommon queueServer processshared poolidle shared processqueueserver

Multi-threaded server

OracleNet serviceNet serviceOracleNet serviceOracle(Transparent)(TNS, Transparent Network Substrate)(API)

Net service

SQL*PlusSQL*PlusSQL*PlusSQL

SQL*PlusSQLSQL*PlusOracleSQLSQLOracleANSIISOSQLSQL*Plus

SQL*PlusGUI

SQL*Plus

Oracle

SQLDescribe (DESC)describe

SQLSave save .sql

SQLGet Get Start Start SQL:

oracleInstance managementSchema managementSecurity managementStorage management

General

Memory

Recovery

Schema management TablespaceTableViewSynonymSequenceIndex

Tablespace

CREATE TABLESPACE DATAFILE SIZE [ DEFAULT STORAGE ] [ { ONLINE | OFFLINE } ] DATAFILE DEFAULT STORAGE INITIAL NEXT MINEXTENTS MAXEXTENTS PCTINCREASE

MY_SPACE20M 10K50K 10% 999

TablespaceDatafile

ALTER TABLESPACE [ ADD DATAFILE SIZE ] [ RENAME DATAFILE TO ] [ DEFAULT STORAGE ] [ {ONLINE | OFFLINE } ] [ {BEGIN | END } BACKUP ]DATAFILE (Online)(Offline)

MY_SPACE20M

DROP TABLESPACE [ INCLUDING CONTENTS [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS] ]INCLUDING CONTENTSCASCADE CONSTRAINTS

Table OracleTableTableRowColumnTableTablerecord

TableColumnCREATE TABLE $ # _ ORACLE

Oracle

CREATE TABLE [NULL|NOT NULL],[NULL|NOT NULL],

Example

View ()View()SQLView ViewViewTableView

View ()View

View CREATE VIEW [] AS SELECT [WITH CHECK OPTION]; SELECT [WITH CHECK OPTION] Selectwhere

View DROP VIEW ;(VIEW)SALESMAN SQL> DROP VIEW SALESMAN;

Synonym()Public()DBA Private(): SCOTT.EMP -> S_EMP [email protected] -> R_EMP

CREATE [PUBLIC] SYNONYM FOR [.] ;

SCOTTEMPEMPLOYEE SQL> CREATE SYNONYM EMPLOYEE 2 FOR SCOTT.EMP;

DROP [PUBLIC] SYNONYM ;

EMPLOYEE SQL> DROP SYNONYM EMPLOYEE;

Sequence()ORACLEORACLE(SEQUENCES)(Counter) CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_name []

SequenceORACLE20

sequence_name.CURRVAL sequence_name.NEXTVAL

Example (SEQUENCE) s_emp_id SQL> CREATE SEQUENCE s_emp_id 2 MINVALUE 1 3 MAXVALUE 9999999 4 INCREMENT BY 1 5 START WITH 26 6 NOCACHE 7 NOORDER 8 NOCYCLE;

Index ()(Unique)OracleB+-Tree

Index CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX ON ( [ASC/DESC] [ , [ASC/DESC]] ); ORACLE [UNIQUE]() SQLORACLE

Index()ORACLE YESNO

Index()

Index()CREATE INDEXORACLE

Index()

ORACLEORACLE(Audit)(View)

(Privilege)ORACLE (System Privilege) (Object Privilege)

(System Privilege)UserRoleADMIN OPTIONGRANT ANY PRIVILEGEUserRoleORACLEGRANTREVOKE

(Object Privilege)

(User)quota(Privilege)

(CREATE USER) CREATE USER IDENTIFIED BY [ DEFAULT TABLESPACE ] [ TEMPORARY TABLESPACE ] [ QUOTA ON ] DEFAULT TABLESPACETEMPORARY TABLESPACEQUOTA

GUESTMY_SPACETEMP

ALTER USER IDENTIFIED BY [ DEFAULT TABLESPACE ] [ TEMPORARY TABLESPACE ] [ QUOTA ON ]ALTER USER

GUESTUSERS

(DROP USER ) DROP USER [ CASCADE ]CASCADE

(Role)ORACLEORACLE

(Role)ORACLEDBASYSSYSTEMADMIN OPTIONDBACONNECTCREATE SESSIONORACLERESOURCE Base TableviewindexClusterSequence

(CREATE ROLE) CREATE ROLE [ IDENTIFIED BY ] IDENTIFIED BYSET ROLE

TESTROLE

ALTER ROLE [ IDENTIFIED BY ]ALTER ROLEADMIN OPTION

STUDENTS

DROP ROLE DROP ROLEADMIN OPTION

TESTROLE

GRANTGRANT ANY PRIVILEGEADMIN OPTIONGRANT ANY ROLEADMIN OPTION GRANT {|} TO {|| PUBLIC } [WITH ADMIN OPTION]

SYSTEMALTER ANY TABLE STUDENTSSTUDENTS

REVOKEGRANT ANY PRIVILEGEADMIN OPTIONGRANT ANY ROLE ADMIN OPTIONREVOKE {|} FROM {|| PUBLIC }

SYSTEM STUDENTSCREATE SESSIONCREATE TABLE

Storage managementStorage managementControl fileArchived fileDatafileTablespaceRedo log fileStorage management

Storage management

Oracle RMAN (Recovery Manager)Online

RMAN Database

Restore & Recover

Example Oracle ODBC ora9012.exe

Oracle ODBC

ODBCODBCdatabaseID

Documents

Oracle Introduction