Next Generation UFOM Using Carrier Ethernet Technology

Dr. Yi-Neng Lin (林義能)

MEF Carrier Ethernet Certified Professional (MEF認證高級工程師; MEF-CECP No.A0966X1)

IP-based Triple Play

Mobile Internet Backhaul

Internet Service

Fixed Phone

Carrier Access Services: Evolution And Opportunity

IPTV

All-IP Networks with Fixed-Mobile Convergence

B

R

MB

B Q

QR

R

M S

reliability quality of service scalabilityR

B bandwidth M

Q S

management

2

UFOM-based Access Network

OptiQMax 4388OptiQMax 4388

OptiQMax 4388OptiQMax 4388

OptiQMax 4388OptiQMax 4388

Pre-Aggregation

T1/E1 + ETHETH

T1/E1 + ETH

T1/E1 + ETH

ETH

ETH

T1/E1 + ETHT1/E1 + ETH

T1/E1 + ETH

STM-1

RNC/BSC

STM-1

STM-64 Network

3

OptiQMax 4388OptiQMax 4388

T1/E1 + ETHETH

- SyncE or 1588v2 support

- Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

Limitations

- Topology scalability and flexibility

- Performance requirement of LTE

- Link Aggregation, APS

- Per-VLAN, per-CoS QoS and PM

- Next generation OAM framework

reliability quality of service scalabilityR

B bandwidth M

Q S

management

Carrier Ethernet – Enhancement to UFOM

4

OAM support

- 802.3ah (EFM)

- 802.1ag (CFM)

- Y.1731

QoS features

- Hierarchical QoS

- trTCM policing

- Synchronization

- Active PM

Interoperability

- MEF9 for scalability

- MEF14 for QoS

- MEF18 for CES

- MEF21&25 for OAM

Protection

- Link aggregation

- Linear protection

- Ring protection

- End-to-end protection

Gigabit

Carrier

Ethernet

StandardizedService

Scalability

Quality of

Service

Service MGMT

Reliability

- E-Line/E-Tree/E-LAN

The TOP Problem

Transport

802.1ad/QinQ: scalable VLAN architecture

E-Line/E-Tree/E-LAN: flexible topology layout

Hierarchical QoS: manipulation at different granularities

Protection

Operation

OAM (Operation, Administration and Maintenance)

Link + Service OAM

Precision

Synchronization

SLA verification

5

UFOM – 802.1ad-based Transport Multiplexer

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

6

UFOMUFOM

0

1

...

n

0

1

n

DA SA …… DA SA …… DA SA 8100 VID 1 ……

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5

Egress UntaggedEgress always add a TagTagged frame

8100 VID 5 8100 VID 5 8100 VID 5 DA SA 8100 VID 1 …… 8100 VID 5 DA SA ……8100 VID 5

...

C(ustomer)-tag S(ervice)-tag

UNI: User Network InterfaceNNI: Network Network Interface

E-Line: Alternative To TDM-Based Private Line

Point-to-Point EVC1

Carrier Ethernet NetworkBranch of Acompany

HQ of A company

Point-to-Point EVC2

OptiQNet 842

Branch of B company

HQ of Bcompany

Physical or logical (via LAG) port

OptiQNet 842

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

7

EPL: Ethernet Private Line

EVPL: Ethernet Virtual Private Line

E-LAN: Virtual Private LAN

OptiQNet 842

OptiQNet 842

OptiQNet 842

Carrier Ethernet

Network

Central Office

Internet

HQ

OptiQNet 842

EVC

EVC

EVC

EVC

Branch

Branch

Branch

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

8

E-Tree: Rooted Point-To-MultipointeNodeB

LTE-enabled mobile stations

OptiQNet 842 (leaf)

OptiQNet 842

(leaf)

OptiQNet 842

(leaf)

SMB Residence

Carrier Ethernet

Network

Central Office (root)

Internet

Enterprise building

OptiQNet 842

(leaf)

EVC

EVC

EVCEVC

UNI x3

UNI x2

UNI x4

UNI x1

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

9

User Network Interface

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

10

Bundling Service

Allow multiple CE-VLANs to be mapped to a single EVC in the UNI

All-To-One Bundling Service

All CE-VLAN are mapped to a single EVC in the UNI

Service Multiplexing

Allow multiple EVCs at a UNI

All-to-one

Bundling

MP-to-MPEVC

Service

multiplexing

Bundling

Point-to-Point

EVC

UNI

Bundling

EVC1 EVC2

EVC1

EVC2

CE-VLANs

Service Attributes

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

11

Attribute Type of Parameter Value

UNI Identifier Any string

Physical Medium A Standard Ethernet PHY ([2] or [3])

Speed 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 10/100 Mbps Auto-

Negotiation, 1 Gbps, or 10 Gbps20

Mode Full Duplex

MAC Layer IEEE 802.3 – 2005 [2]

UNI Maximum Transmission Unit

Size

Integer 1522.

Service Multiplexing Yes or No

UNI EVC ID A string formed by the concatenation of the

UNI ID and the EVC ID

CE-VLAN ID for untagged and

priority tagged Service Frames

A number in 1, 2, …, 4094.

CE-VLAN ID/EVC Map Map as per Section 7.7

Maximum Number of EVCs Integer 1

Bundling Yes or No21

All to One Bundling Yes or No

Ingress Bandwidth Profile Per Ingress

UNI

No or parameters as defined in Section

7.11.1

Ingress Bandwidth Profile Per EVC No or parameters as defined in Section

7.11.1 for each EVC

Ingress Bandwidth Profile Per Class of

Service Identifier

No or parameters as defined in Section

7.11.1 for each Class of Service Identifier

Egress Bandwidth Profile Per Egress

UNI

No or parameters as defined in Section

7.11.1

Egress Bandwidth Profile Per EVC No or parameters as defined in Section

7.11.1 for each EVC

Egress Bandwidth Profile Per Class of

Service Identifier

No or parameters as defined in Section

7.11.1 for each Class of Service Identifier

Layer 2 Control Protocols Processing A list of Layer 2 Control Protocols with each

being labeled with one of Discard, Peer, Pass

to EVC, Peer and Pass to EVC

UNI and EVC per UNI Service Attributes

Attribute Type of Parameter Value

EVC Type Point-to-Point, Multipoint-to-Multipoint, or Rooted-

Multipoint

EVC ID An arbitrary string, unique across the MEN, for the EVC

supporting the service instance

UNI List A list of <UNI Identifier, UNI Type> pairs

Maximum Number of

UNIs

Integer. MUST be 2 if EVC Type is Point-to-Point. MUST

be greater than or equal to 2 otherwise.

EVC Maximum

Transmission Unit Size

Integer 1522.

CE-VLAN ID

Preservation

Yes or No

CE-VLAN CoS

Preservation

Yes or No

Unicast Service Frame

Delivery

Discard, Deliver Unconditionally, or Deliver

Conditionally. If Deliver Conditionally is used, then the

conditions MUST be specified.

Multicast Service

Frame Delivery

Discard, Deliver Unconditionally, or Deliver

Conditionally. If Deliver Conditionally is used, then the

conditions MUST be specified.

Broadcast Service

Frame Delivery

Discard, Deliver Unconditionally, or Deliver

Conditionally. If Deliver Conditionally is used, then the

conditions MUST be specified.

Layer 2 Control

Protocols Processing

A list of Layer 2 Control Protocols labeled Tunnel or

Discard.

EVC Performance Performance objectives for One-way Frame Delay

Performance, One-way Frame Delay Range Performance,

One-way Mean Frame Delay Performance, Inter-Frame

Delay Variation Performance, One-way Frame Loss Ratio

Performance, and Availability Performance and associated

Class of Service Identifier(s) as defined in Section 6.8.

EVC Service Attributes

TDM Service Compatibility -- Pseudowire

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

12

BTS/NodeB

T1/E1T1/E1

CESoETH/SAToP/CESoPSN

Pseudowire

Metro EthernetNetwork

VPLS

MPLS

Q-in-Q

BSC/RNC

TDM Network Interface

TDM SubscriberDemarcation

TDM Payload

RTP

CESoETHCW

ECID

TDM Payload

RTP

SAToPCW

UDP

TDM Payload

RTP

CESoPSNCW

IP

UDP

IP

TDM Payload

TDM Payload

RTP

CESoETHCW

ECID

TDM Payload

RTP

SAToPCW

UDP

TDM Payload

RTP

CESoPSNCW

IP

UDP

IP

TDM Payload

MEFCESoETH

ITU, IETF, MFASAToP

IETFCESoPSN

MEFCESoETH

ITU, IETF, MFASAToP

IETFCESoPSN

Reliability and Redundancy

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

13

Transmission

Interface PLR (Packet Loss Rate) <10-9

Jumbo frame size over 9000 bytes

Link redundancy

802.3ad Link Aggregation

G.8031 Ethernet Linear Protection Switching (ELPS)

G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection Switching (ERPS)

Nodal redundancy

Heart-beat based fail-over

Multi-homing

End-to-End path redundancy

G.8031 Ethernet Linear Protection Switching (ELPS)

Link Aggregation

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

14

Up to 8 links into one logical LAG

Packet distribution

Round-Robin

MAC address, VLAN, etc

Link Aggregation Control Protocol

Conversation-based

Dynamic and automatic configuration

LAG Logical Port

FrameCollector

FrameDistributor

PHYPort

PHYPort

PHYPort….

LACP

EVC1 EVC2 EVC3

G.8031 (Ethernet Linear Protection Switching)

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

15

For Point-to-Point Ethernet Connection

1+1 or 1:1; revertive or non-revertive

<50ms protection switching time

APS messages for protection initiation

Support of administrative commands

Forced Switch(FS), Manual Switch(MS)

Working Channel

Protection Channel

CCM

CCM, APS

Working Channel

Protection Channel

CCM

CCM, APS

G.8032 (Ethernet Ring Protection Switching)

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

16

For Ethernet Rings

<50ms protection switching time

R-APS messages for protection behavior

Preventing any loops by blocking mechanism

Support of administrative commands

Logically

Block

port 1

VLAN 1

VLAN 2

VLAN 100

CoS 1

CoS 2

Flexible QoS Architecture

Port

VLAN

CoS

Flow with QoS

profile

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

17

classification

Classification and CoS Determination

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

18

Classification criteria

Port number

Src/Dest MAC address

Priority Code Point

VLAN

Applied in QoS regulations

Bandwidth control (rate limiting)

Scheduling

Service Class

Name

Example of Generic Traffic Classes mapping into CoS

4 CoS Model 3 CoS Model 2 CoS Model

Very High (H+) Synchronization - -

High (H) Conversational,

Signaling and Control

Conversational and

Synchronization,

Signaling and Control

Conversational and Synchronization,

Signaling and Control,

Streaming

Medium (M) Streaming Streaming -

Low (L) Interactive and

Background

Interactive and

Background

Interactive and

Background

PHB Configuration for Policing

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

19

Service

Class NameBandwidth Profile

CoS Performance Objective

FD FDV FLR

Very High (H+) CIR>0, EIR=0 AFD AFDV AFLR

High (H) CIR>0, EIR=0 BFD BFDV BFLR

Mediam (M) CIR>0, EIR≧0 CFD CFDV CFLR

Low (L) CIR≧0, EIR≧0 * DFD DFDV DFLR

Very High (H+) High (H) Medium (M) Low (L)

-

FD = 20ms

FDV=4ms

FLR=10-5

Availability=99.999%

FD=50ms

FDV=10ms

FLR=10-4

Availability=99.99%

FD=100ms

FDV=10ms

FLR=10-4

Availability=99.99%

A≦B≦C≦D and AFDV is as small as possible

(*) CIR=0 and EIR=0 is not allowed

SLA Enforcement Using Traffic Conditioners

CIREIR

CBSEBS

meter

shaper

Two-Rate-Three-Color algorithm

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

20RFC2698: A Two Rate Three Color Marker

UNI UNI

CECE

Link/Service OAM

Carrier Ethernet Network

- OAM operations of managed EDDs

- PM and statistics

- SNMP

- EDD topology discovery

EMS

OptiQNet 842 OptiQNet 842

Link OAM

(802.3ah)

Service OAM (802.1ag, Y.1731)

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

CE: Customer Edge

21

IEEE 802.3ah-2004 (Link OAM)

Subset of the “Ethernet in the First Mile” (EFM)

Primitive fault management

Dying Gasp, Event Notification, Loopback

22

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

EMS

Device A Device B Device C Device D

Far End FaultIndication

Near-Side PortPerformance Management

TX RX

TXRX

Per Link Fault Isolation

Capable of RFC2544-based PM

IEEE 802.1ag (Connectivity Fault Mgmt, CFM)

23

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

CE operator A Provider Bridges operator B Provider Bridges CE

customer MD Level

provider MD Level

Link OAM Link OAM

MEP (Maintenance End Point)

operator MD Leveloperator MD Level

Hierarchical fault management

Different levels of authority (MD, MDL)

Continuity Check (CC), Link Trace (LT), Loop Back (LB)

MIP (MEG Intermediate Point)MEG(Maintenance Entity Group)

Integration with EVC and LAG!

ITU-T Y.1731

Superset over CFM

Enhancement on performance measurement (PM)

Delay Measurement (DM): One-way or Two-way Delay Measurement

Loss Measurement (LM): Single-ended or Dual-ended Loss Measurement

24

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

UNI UNI

CECE

Metro Ethernet Network

OptiQNet 842 OptiQNet 842

One-way Delay Measurement

Two-way Delay Measurement

TOPviewTM

– Visualized nodal/group display

– Manual/Automatic inventory discovery

– Drag-and-drop location management

– Automated deployment (patent pending)

Fault

Security

PerformanceAccounting

Config

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

25

MGMT

Element Mgmt System

Link Layer Discovery Protocol (802.1AB-2009)

Advertising capabilities and current status of the system

Sending periodic LLDP Messages.

Automatically Detecting Neighbors

Receiving periodic LLDP Messages.

Hierarchical Management (enhancement to 802.1AB-2005)

26

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

Nearest Customer Bridge Nearest non-TPMR Bridge Nearest Bridge

Customer Bridge

S-VLAN Bridge

S-VLAN Bridge

TPMR

Customer Bridge

(Two Port MAC Relay)

Deployment Automation -- RapiDep

27

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

Proprietary algorithm

Automatically connect to EMS and establish EVC

Use LLDP-2009 as an assistant to find EMS

Patent-pending

Metro Ethernet

Network

EMS

LLDP

New participant

LLDP

LLDP

LLDPPeriodical LLDP multicast

Precision via Synchronization

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

28

Critical for 2G~4G mobile infrastructure to be operational SDH transport: ±50ppm (phase) and frequency (ex: 2 or 10MHz)

Between BSs and BSC: ±0.05ppm (phase) and frequency (ex: 2 or 10MHz)

Between NodeBs and RNC: ±0.05ppm (phase) and ±3us (time) accuracy

over a 30-hops span

Solutions

PW ACR (Adaptive Clock Recovery)

Frequency

Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)

Frequency

IEEE 1588-2008

ToD, Phase

Mobile Network Architecture

Frequency Sync

Time/Phase Sync

CDMA2000

GSM

UMTS-FDD

LTE-FDD

UMTS-TDD

LTE-TDD

Mobile WiMAX

TD-SCDMA

Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

29

• ITU-T G.8261: Timing and synchronization aspects in packet network

• ITU-T G.8262: Timing characteristics of Synchronous Ethernet equipment slave clock

• ITU-T G.8264: Distribution of timing through packet networks

• ITU-T G.781: Synchronization layer functions (ESMC and SSM)

Inherited from SDH

Immune from congestion

Two major mechanisms

H/W-based CDR

ESMC and SSM

Unidirectional

Broadcast

Master selection

Timing loop prevention

MAC processor

PLL PHY/CDR

MAC processor

PLLPHY/CDR

CDR: Clock and Data Recovery

ESMC: Ethernet Synchronization Message Channel

SSM: Synchronization Status Message

Master Slave

ESMC~

PRC

Other SyncEMasters

IEEE 1588-2008 (1588v2; a.k.a PTPv2)

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

30

t-ms

Follow_Up

Sync

t-sm

Delay_Req

Delay_Resp

t1

t4

t2

t3

Slave Clock

~

Master Clock

~Timestamps

known by slave

t2

t1, t2

t1, t2, t3

t1, t2, t3, t4

Variant procedures exist due to

- 1-step or 2-step

- Role/Participants (BC/TC/OC)

Clock recovery algorithm that handles PDV is omitted in the spec!

- Symmetry/Asymmetry

- Network congestion

t-ms=t2-t1; t-sm = t4-t3

1588v2 Application Scenario

NodeB

RNC

Carrier Ethernet Network

OptiQNet 842

OptiQNet 842

OptiQNet 842

- SLA verification

- Necessary for 3.5G and LTE networks

- Generally in sub-microsecond precision

- Master selection algorithm

1588v2 master clock

eNodeB

NodeB

1588v2

1588v2

1588v2

1588v2

1588v2

1588v2

S-GW

1588v21588v21588v2 1588v2

Latency to be verified for SLA

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

31

Delivering Synchronization Messages

32

In-band (through PW)

Adaptive Clock Recovery (ACR)

Optional RTP header within CES packets for timestamps

Out-of-band

IEEE1588v2

Dedicated EVPL or CoS

UNI EVCCoS Data

CoS for Sync

UNI

EVC for Sync

EVC DataUNI

EVC

(Data & Sync)

In a separate EVC As a dedicated Class of ServiceWithin an EVC

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

SLA Verification with RFC2544 -- TOPsureTM

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

33

H/W unit dedicated for PM

Out-of-service test

In-service test (per-port, per-vlan/EVC)

Use RFC2544 frames to verify whether SLA is satisfied

OptiQNet 842OptiQNet 842

SLA Bandwidth Data trafficRFC 2544 Test traffic

EMS

Start to test throughput Start to receive frames

Send result back to EMS

Patent Pending!

OptiQNet 842 Series

Carrier Ethernet Demarcation Device

solutions to

802.1Q and 802.1ad VLAN

trTCM-based policer and traffic shaper

Real-time flow monitoring

OAM support including 802.3ah, 802.1ag and Y.1731

Neighbor discovery

RFC2544 tester

IEEE 1588-2008 (PTPv2) time synchronization

34

OptiQNet-842C

OptiQNet-842

ESC

Enter

L M T E S T * S T A R T S T O P < >

D E S T I D 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 >

OptiQNet-842A

Key Features of OptiQNet 842 (1/2)

Gigabit interfaces

4 UNIs and 2 SFP-based optical NNIs

Link aggregation (802.3ad) for NNIs

VLAN (MEF9 certified)

E-Line/E-LAN/E-Tree based on 802.1Q and 802.1ad

256 concurrent VLANs, 4096VIDs

QoS (MEF14 certified)

Per- port/VLAN SLA guarantee (trTCM policing)

Real-time traffic monitoring

Strict-Priority and Weighted Round-Robin egress scheduling

OAM functionalities

802.3ah: fault detection, event notification, dying gasp

802.1ag: 8 maintenance domain levels and up to 256 MEPs

Y.1731: throughput, latency, jitter and loss rate

36

Key Features of OptiQNet 842 (2/2)

Advanced

RFC 2544 tester and analyzer (patent pending)

IEEE 1588v2 and SyncE

MGMT (with TOPviewTM EMS)

RapiDep deployment automation (patent pending)

Neighbor discovery + LLDP-2009 on managed EDDs

Local and remote management interfaces

Web, SNMP v1/v2c/v3, SSH

Access Control List, DHCP

Dual boot images in case of remote firmware upgrade failure

37

CE-Enhanced Backhaul Transport -- PtP

Pre-Aggregation

T1/E1 + ETHETH

T1/E1 + ETH

T1/E1 + ETH

ETH

ETH

T1/E1 + ETH

T1/E1 + ETH

STM-1

RNC/BSC

STM-1

STM-64 Network

38

T1/E1 + ETHETH

OptiQNet-842C

OptiQNet-842C

OptiQNet-842C

OptiQNet-842C

OptiQNet-842C

OptiQNet-842C

OptiQNet-842C

OptiQNet-842C

Benefits:

LAG + APS + OAM + QoS + PM + SyncE…

CFM + Perfomance Management

(IEEE 802.1ag / ITU-T Y. 1731)

Link OAM (IEEE 802.3ah)

EVC (S-VLAN or MPLS)

T1/E1 + ETH

STM-64 Network

T1/E1 + ETH

T1/E1 + ETH

ETH x2

ETH x2~4

ETH

RNC/BSC

ETH x2

C. STM-1842C

842C

T1/E1 + ETH

842C

842C

CE-Enhanced Backhaul Transport -- Linear

39

842A

842A

Multi-homing protection

CFM + Perfomance Management

(IEEE 802.1ag / ITU-T Y. 1731)

Link OAM (IEEE 802.3ah)

EVC (S-VLAN or MPLS)

T1/E1 + ETH

STM-64 Network

T1/E1 + ETH

T1/E1 + ETH

ETH

RNC/BSC

C. STM-1842C

842C

T1/E1 + ETH

842C

842C

CE-Enhanced Backhaul Transport -- Linear

40

842A

842AMulti-homing protection

Up to eight 842c’s

842A

CE-Enhanced Backhaul Transport -- Ring

CFM + Perfomance Management

(IEEE 802.1ag / ITU-T Y. 1731)

Link OAM (IEEE 802.3ah)

EVC (S-VLAN or MPLS)

T1/E1 + ETH

STM-64 Network

T1/E1 + ETH

T1/E1 + ETH

GE

C. STM-1 GE-ETH RINGGE x2~4 842C

842C

RNC/BSC

842C

842CT1/E1 + ETH

41

842A

842A842A

Easy Integration with FutureMPLS-TP PTN Networks!!!

42

Solution to the UFOM Limitations–The Better Alternative

Topology scalability and flexibility

Performance requirement of LTE

Link Aggregation, APS

Per-VLAN, per-CoS QoS and PM

Next generation OAM framework

Synchronization support (SyncE/1588v2)

Total Cost of Ownership

43