Optimisation - Mass Haul Diagrams_

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Pag Optimisation - Mass Haul Diagrams

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Optimisation - Mass Haul Diagrams

Document No: Revision: Date amended:

The information below is intended to reflect the preferred practice of Main Roads WesternAustralia ("Main Roads"). Main Roads reserves the right to update this information at any timewithout notice. If you have any questions or comments please contact Stephen Curgenvenbye-mail or on (08) 9323 4415.

To the extent permitted by law, Main Roads, its employees, agents, authors and contributorsare not liable for any loss resulting from any action taken or reliance made by you on theinformation herein displayed.

Revision Register

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ClauseNumber

Description ofRevision

Date

ISSUE 1 ALL GUIDELINE DEVELOPED 14/03/02

ISSUE 2 ALL GUIDELINE REVISED AND APPROVED 04/05/05

8. CHAPTER 8 OF 10. OPTIMISATION - MASS HAUL DIAGRAMS8.1. GENERAL8.2. CONSTRUCTION OF THE MASS HAUL DIAGRAM8.3. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MASS HAUL DIAGRAM

Table Of Content:

8.Chapter 8 of 10. OPTIMISATION - MASS HAUL DIAGRAMS

8.1.General

8.2.Construction of the Mass Haul Diagram

The balancing of earthworks volumes is of significant importance because of its effect on theoverall cost of a project. It is a simple matter with the aid of computers to calculate the totalearthwork volume and produce a mass haul diagram for any particular profile.

The information generated can then be used to adjust the profile until a satisfactory earthworksvolume and balance is achieved.

Due to specific project characteristics (e.g. suitability of cut material for use as fill) the balancingof earthworks may not always be the most effic ient solution.

The mass haul diagram is a curve plotted on a distance base, the ordinate at any point of whichrepresents the algebraic sum up to that point of the volumes of cuttings and embankments from thestart of the project or from any arbitrary point. In obtaining the algebraic sum, cuttings areconsidered positive and embankments negative. This is shown diagrammatically in Figure 8.1.

The designer, in calculating earthwork quantities, should allow for bulking and compaction factors.In situ material when excavated increases in volume i.e. it bulks up. When this material is placed andcompacted it decreases in volume. Factors are specific to the material being handled and designersshould seek advice from geotechnical engineers.

The construction and properties of the diagram can be followed from the following example:

Distance(Metres)

Volume (Cubic Metres) Total Volume(Cubic Metres)CUT + FILL -

0 0

+ 490 100 + 490

+ 927

200 + 1 417

+ 982

300 + 2 399

+ 279

380 + 2 678

- 31

400 + 2 647

- 226

67-08-62H1 2 04-May-2005
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Pag Optimisation - Mass Haul Diagrams

3/9/2009 7:08:19 http://www2.mainroads.wa.gov.au/Internet/Standards/RTems/geometric_design/roadways/optimisation.asp

The diagram graphically illustrates :

Amounts of earth excavation and embankment involved in balanced sections.

Location of balance points.

Distribution of material.

Haulage distances - which together with quantities involved enable selection of economicalconstruction plant and scheduling of operations.

Direction of haul and limit of profi table haul distance.

Positions where material can be wasted or borrowed to prevent overhaul.

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Optimisation - Mass Haul Diagrams_