Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
OPJS UNIVERSITY, CHURU(RAJASTHAN)
Syllabus
For
M.Sc. Physics (Previous & Final)
Session-2013-14
*
School of Science
OPJS UNIVERSITY,CHURU(RAJASTHAN)
***
2
M. Sc. Physics (First Year)
S.No. Paper Code Paper Name Number of Papers
M.M.
1. MSPH-101 Classical & Statistical Mechanics I 100
2. MSPH-102 Electrodynamics & Plasma Physics II 100
3. MSPH-103 Quantum Mechanics & Molecular Physics III 100
4. MSPH-104 Electronics, Computation Method & Programming
IV 100
5. MSPH-105 Practical & Viva Voce ---- 200
M. Sc. Physics (Final Year)
S.No. Paper Code Paper Name Number of Papers
M.M.
1. MSPH-201 Condensed Matter Physics V 100
2. MSPH-202 Nuclear & Practical Physics VI 100
3. MSPH-203(A)
MSPH-203(B) MSPH-203(C)
Elective - I (Select One From 203 A-C) -Advanced Quantum Mechanics & Introductory Quantum Field Theory -Atomic & Molecular Physics -Quantum Electrodynamics & Quantum Many Body Physics
VII 100
4. MSPH -204 (A) MSPH -204 (B) MSPH -204 (C) MSPH- 204 (D) MSPH -204 (E) MSPH- 204 (F) MSPH- 204 (G) MSPH- 204 (H)
Elective - II (Select One From 203 A-H) -Microwave Electronics -Solid State Physics -Plasma Physics - Atmospheric Silence & Environmental Physics - High Energy Physics - Informatics (Material & Data Communication - Science & Technology Of Solar, Hydrogen Energy & The Renewable Energies - Physics Of Lasers & Properties Of Biomolecules
VIII 100
5. MSPH- 205 Practical & Viva-Voce ------- 200
***
3
Details of Syllabus
M. Sc. Physics (First Year)
Paper-I-Classical And Statistical Mechanics & Mathematical Physics.
Unit-I.
Satellites transformations. Rotating frames; inertial forces; terrestrial and astronomical
application of coriolis force. Centre force; definition and characteristics Constrains; their
classification ,D, Alembert’s principle, generalized coordinates. Lagrange’s equations;
gyroscope forces; dissipative system; Jacobi integral; gauge invariance; generalized
coordinates and momenta; integrals of motion forces; symmetries of space and time which
conservation laws; invariance under Galilean ; Two-body problem; closure and stability of
circular orbits; general analysis of orbits; kepler’s laws and equation; artificial Rutherford
scattering. Priciple of least action; derivation of equation of motion; variation and end
points; Hamilton’s principle and characteristics functions; Hamilton Jacohi equation.
Canonical transformation; generating function; properties; group property, example;
infinitesimal generators; Poisson bracket; Poisson theorems; angular momentum PBs; small
oscillations; normal modes and coordinates.
Unit-II.
Orthogonal and curvilinear co-ordinate system, scale factors, expressions for gradient,
divergence and curl and their applications to Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical polar co-
ordinate system. Co-ordinate transformation, of covariant contravalant and mixed tensor
addltion, multiplication and contraction of tensors, quotient law, pseudotensors. Metric
tensor, its use in transformation of Tensor, Vector spaces and matrics; Linear independence;
Bases; Dimentsionality; Inner product; Linear Orthogonal and elgenvectors;
Diagonalization; Complete Orthonormal sets of functions. Differential Equation and special
function; sulotion by series expansion; Legendre, Bessel, Hermite and Lagaurre equation;
Physics applications; Generating functions; recurrence relations
4
Integral Transforms; Laplace transform; First second shifting theorems; inverse
LT by partial fraction; LT, derivative and integral of a function; fourier integral and
transform; F T of delta functions.
Unit-III.
Foundation of statistical mechanics specification of states of a system, contact between
statistics and thermodynamics, classical ideal gas, entropy of mixing and Gibb’s paradox.
Microc canonical ensemble, phase space, trajectories and density of states, liouviille’s
theorem and grand canonical , canonical ensembles; partition function. Density matrix,
statistics of ensembles, statistical of indistinguishable practicals, Maxwell - Boltzman,
Fermi-Dirac, and Bose-Elnstein statistics, properties of ideal Bose and Fermi gases, Bose-
Enstien condensation. Cluster expansion for a classical gas, Virail equation of state, Ising
model, mean-field theories of the ising model in three,two and one dimentsions Exact
solution in one-dimension. Landau theory of phase transition, indices, scale transformation
and dimensional analysis.
Text and Reference Books:
1. Mathematical Methods for physics,by G Arfkef
2. Matrices and Tensors for physicists, by A W Joshi
3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. By E Kreyzing
4. Special Functions, by E D Rainville
5. Special functions, by W W Bell
6. Mathematical Methods fpr physics and Engineering by FK F Reily,
M P Hobson and S js Bence.
7. Mathematics and physics, by MarryBoas
8. Statistical and Thermal physics, by F Rief
9. Statistical Mechanics, by K Huang
10. Statistical Mechanics, by R k Patharia
11. Statistical Mechanics, R kubo
***
5
Paper-II -Elctrodynamics And Plasma Physics
Unit-I.
Electrostatics: Electric field; Gauss law, Differential form of Gauss law. Another
equation of electrostatics and the scalar potential, surface distribution of charges and
dipoles and discontinuities in the electric field and potential, Poisson and- Laplace
equations, Green’s Theorem, Uniqueness of the solution with dirichlet or Neumann
Boundary conditions, formal solution of electrostatics boundary value problem with
Green’s functions, electrostatics potential energy and energy density, capacitance.
Boundary–value problems in electrostatics: methods of Images, point charge in the
presence of a grounded conducting sphere point charge in the presence of a charge
insulated conducting sphere, point charge near a conducting sphere at fixed potential,
conducting sphere in a uniform electric field by method of images, Green function for
the sphere, General solution for the potential, Conducting sphere with Hemispheres at
different potemtail. Multipoles Electrostatics of Macroscopic Media Dielectrics:
Multipole Expansion, multipole expansion of the energy of a charge distribution in an
external field, Elementary treatment of electrostatics with permeable media, boundary
value problems with dieletrisc. Molar polarizabilty, and electric susceptibility, Models
for molecular polarizability, Electric susceptibility, Modles for molecular polarizability,
Electronic energy in dielectric media.
Unit-II.
Magnetostatics: Vector potential and magnetic induction for a circular current pool,
magnetic field of a localized current distribution, magnetic moment, force and torque on
and energy of a localized distribution in an external magnetic induction, spherical shell
of permeable material magnets, magnetic shielding spherical shell of macroscope
equations,problems in magnetostatics, Uniformly magnetized sphere,magnetized sphere
in an external fieldpermanent magnets, magnetic shielding, permeable material in a
uniform field. Maxwell’s equations conservation laws: Energy in a magnetic field,
vector gauge, Green function for the transformation, Lorentz gauge, Coulombs gauge,
Green function for the wave equation, Derivation of the equation of macroscopic
6
Electromagnetism, polynting is theorem and conservation of energy and momentum for
a system in of charged particles and EM fields. Conservation laws for macroscopic
media.
Plane Electromagnetic wave and wave Equation; plane wave in a non-conducting
medium, frequency dispersion characteristics of dielectrics conductors and plasma,
waves in a conducting or dissipative medium, superposition of wave in one dimension,
group velocity, casualty connection between D & E. Kramers-kroning relation. Review
of four- vector and Lorentz Transformation in four- Dimensional Space, Electromagnetic
field tensor in four Dimension and Maxwell’s Equation. Dual field tensor, wave
Equation for vector and Scalar potential and Solution Retarded potential and Lienard-
wiechart potential.
Unit-III.
Electric and magnetic field due to a uniformly moving charge and an accelerated charge,
linear and circular Acceleration and Angular distribution of power Radiated
Bramsstrahlung, synchrotron radiation and Cerenkov Radiation, reaction fortce of
Radiation. Motion of charge particle in electromagnetic field; uniformly E and B fields
non-uniformly fields, Diffusion Across Magnetic fields. Time varying E and B fields,
Adiabatic Invariants; first Second Third Adiabatic Invariants.Plasma physics elementary
concepts; Derivation of moment equations from Boltzmann equation, plasma oscillatios,
Debye Shielding, plasma parameters, Magneloplasma, plasma confinement,
Hydrodynamical description of plasma: fundamental. Hydromagnetic waves:
magnetosonic and Alfven waves. Waev phenomena magnetoplasma: polarization,phase
velocity, Group velocity, cut-offs, Resonance for Electromagnetic wave propagating
parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field propagating at finite angle and CMA
Diagram Appleton-Hartece formula and propagation through lonosphere and
magnetosphere: whistler, faraday Rotation
Text and Reference Books
1. Panofsky and Phillios ; Classical Electricity and Magnetism.
2. Bitlencuort : Plsma physics
7
3. Chen: Plasma physics
4. Jackson: classical Electrodynamics
***
Paper-III-Quantum Mechanics, Atomic And Molecular Physics.
Unit-I.
Why quantum Mechanics? Revision; Inadequancy of classical mechanics; Schrodinger
equation; Admissible wave function; Stationary states, solution of Harmonic oscillator by
Schrodinger equation and by operator method. Uncertainly relation of x and p, States with
minimum uncertainly product; General formalism of wave mechanics, Communication,
relations; Representation of states and dynamical variables; completeness of eigen function;
Dirac delta function; bra and notation; Matrix representation of an operation; unitary
transformation. Solution of Schrodinger equation for spherically symmetric potentials;
Hydrogen atom, Angular Momentum Algebra, Addition of and angular momentum Time-
independent perturbation theory; Non-degenerate and degenerate cases; Application such as
Strak effect.
Unit-II.
Variational method; EKB approximation; Time-dependent perturbation theory; Harmonic
perturbation; Ferm’s golden rule; Adiabatic and sudden approximation. Collision in 3 -D and
scattering; Laboratory and center of mass reference frames; Scattering amplitude;
differential scattering cross section potential; partial waves analysis by square well potential
; complex potential and many electron system.
Unit-III.
Semi classical theory of radiation; Transition probability for absorption and induced
emission; Electric dipole and forbidden transition; selection rules.
Spectroscopy(qualitative): General features of the spectra of one and two electron system
singlet, doublet and rotation and vibration transition, comparison with infra red spectra.
General feature of electronic spectra Frank and Condon’s principle.
8
Text And Reference Books
1. LI.Schiff, quantum Mechanics ( Mc Graw-Hili)
2. S.Gasiorowicz, Quantum physics9Wiley
3. B.Craseman and J.D. Powell, Quantum Mechanics(AddisonWesley)
4. A,P,Messiah, Quantum Mechanics.
5. J,J, Sakurai Modem Quantum Mechanics.
6. Mathews and Venkatesan; Quantum Mechanics (TMH)
***
Paper-IV-Electronics, Computational Methods And Programming
Unit-I.
Operation Amplifiers-Differential amplifier-circuit configuration- dual input balanced
output Differential amplifier-Dc analysis, inverting and non inverting inputs CMRR-
constant bias level translator. Block diagram of a typical Op-AMP- analysis open loop
configuration inverting series feedback-effect of feedback on close loop again, input
resistance output resistance, bandwidth and output offset voltage-voltage follower. Practical
op- amp input offset voltage input bias current –input offset current, total outpour offset
voltage. CMRR frequency response. DC and AC amplifier summing scaling and averaging
amplifier instrumentation amplifiers, integrator and differentiator. Oscillators principles -
oscillator types- frequency stability- response the phase shift oscillator. When bridge
oscillator-LC- tunable oscillator Multivibrators Monostable and astable- comparator- square
wave and triangle wave generators, Diode clipping and clamping circuit regulators-
adjustable voltage regulators suits. Voltage regulators-fixed regulators-adjustable voltage
regulators switching regulators
Unit-II.
9
Communication Electronics-Amplitude modulation–Generation of AM waves-
Demodulation of AM waves-DSBSC modulation. Generation of DSBSC waves, SSB
modulation, Generation and detection of SSB waves, vestigial sideband modulation. NOR
and NAND gates, Boolean algebra-De-Morgan’s theorems–Exclusive OR gate Decoder/De-
multiplexer Data selector/multiplexer-Encoder. Sequential Logic Flip-flops; bit memory-
The RS Flip-Flop ,JK Flip-Flop-JK master slave Flip-Flop-T Flip-Flop-D Flop-Flop-shift
registers-synchronous and asynchronous counter-cascade counters ,A/D and D/A convertors.
Computational Methods
Methods equation of zeroes of linear and nonlinear algebraic equation and
transcendental equation, convergence of solutions. Solution of simultaneous linear
equations, Gaussian elimination, pivoting, iterative method, matrix inversion. Eigenvalues
and eigenvectors of matrices, power and Jacobi method. Finite a differences, interpolation
with equally space and unevenly spaced point, curve fitting. polynomail least and cubic
Spline fitting.
Unit-III.
Numerical differentiation and integrations. Newton- cotes formulae, errorestimates, Gauss
method. Random variable, Monte Carlo evaluation of integrals, methods at importance
sampling. Random walk and metropolis method. Numerical solution of ordinary differential
equations, Euler and Runge Kutta methods, predictor corrector method, Elementary ideas of
solutions of partial differential equations.
Microprocessor and Programming
Introduction of microcomputers-memory-input/output-interfacing devices CPU-
Architecture-BUS timing –Demultiplexing the address bus, generating control singals-
instruction set-addressing modes; IIutrative programmes –writing assembly language
programmes looping counting and indexing-couters and timing deleys-stack and subroutine.
Programming Elementary information about Digital computer principle, floating point
Arithmitc, Expression, built in Functions, executable and non-executable statements,
assignment, control and input-output elements subroutines and function, operation with
files.
10
Reference Books:
1. Electronic Devices and circuit theory by Robert Boylested and Louis
2. Nasnasky PHI. New Dehli-110001,1991
3. Op-Amps & Linear integration circuits, by Ramakanth A,EdGayakwad PHI, Second
Edition. 1991.
4. “Digital principles and Applications” by AP Malvino and Donald p. Laacn. Tata
Mcgraw-Hill company. New Daehli,1993.
5. Microprocessor Architecture. Programming and Apllications with 80851 8086by
Ramesh S. Gaonkar Wiley-Eastem Ltm, 1987(FOR UNIT V) Sastry. Introductory
method of Numericale Analysis
6. Rajaraman: Numerical Analysis
7. Rajaraman: fortran programming
8. Vetterming, Teukolsky, press and flannery: Numerical Recipes
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS,
1. number of experiment to be performed by the students during the acadmic session
sould be 16 selecting any from each section.
2. Few more experiment may be set at the institution level, at per with the standard
of M.Sc. (Pre)class laboratory tutorial are to be discussed in laboratory period and in
examination due weigth age be given in viva.
Group-A
1. Two use a Michelson interferometer to determine;
(i) I,-he wave length of sodium yellow light
(ii) (I-L,)’ the difference between the wave length of the two sodium D-lines.
a. The thickness od a mica sheet.
2. To test the validity of the Hartmann’s prism dispersion formula using the visible
region of mercury spectrum.
3. thickness between the plates being given.
11
4. Determination of wave length of Neon light Hg source as a standard source applying
Hartmann formula.
5. Determine Stetan’s constant.
6. x-ray diffraction by Telexometer.
7. Determination of lionization potential of Lithium.
8. Determination of e/m of electron by Nodmal Zeeman Effect.
9. Determination of dissociation energy of Iodine(I) mulecules by photography, the
absorptions band of I in the visible region.
10. 1Using He-Ne laser light: Measure of wavelength with the help of rules.
11. 2Measure the thickness of the wire.
12. Testing goodness of fit of Poisson distribution to cosmic ray buts by Chi-square test.
13. To study Faraday effect using He-Ne laser.
Group–B
1. Design of a Common Emitter Transistor Amolifier.
2. Experimnt on Bias Stability
3. A stableMonostable and Bistable Multivirators
4. Characterstics and application of Sillicon controlled Rectifler.Experiment on FET
and MOSFET characterization and applicatiob as an amplifier.
5. Experient on Uni-junction transistor and its application.
6. Digital I:Basic Logic Gates TTL, NAND and NOR.
7. Digital II-combination logic.
8. Flip-Flops.
9. Operation Amplifier(741)
10. Differential Amplifier.
11. Programming exercises in FORTAN(Based on theory syllabus paper iv)
12. Simpler programming exercises based assembly language for microprocessor 8085.
Tutorial: Laboratory practical course M.Sc. (previous) physics (anyeigth).
1. Network Analysis-Thevenin and North’s equivalent circuits.
12
2. Basics of P.N, junction-diffusion current Drift current, junction width, forward and
reverse baising significance of Fermi leve in stabilizing the junction.
3. Zener Diode-characteristics and voltage regulation.
4. Transistor baising and stability.
5. Wein’s bridge and phase shift oscillators.
6. Solving Boolean expression
7. Mechanism and production of electrical pulse though absorption of nuclear radiation
in medium.
8. Dead time efficiency, counting techniques, energy resolution.
9. Lattice extinction in X-ray diffraction.
10. Atomic scattering power and geometrical structure factor.
11. Effect of capacitance and load resistance on output of an amplifier.
12. Integrated circuit time familiarization.
13. Op-amp differentiator.
14. Multiplexer and Demultiplexers.
15. Resistors and counters.
16. Radiation level and activity measurement.
17. Shielding mass absorption coefficient.
18. Coincidence circuits, counters, timers.
19. Coherence and its relevance in diffraction.
20. Identification of charge type by Hall voltage measurement.
21. How does four probe methods solve the problem of contact resistance
***
Practical
13
12 hrs. duration Max. Marks: 200
Note: There will be two experiments of 6 hrs. duration, selecting one from each and group
for two days, the distribution of marks will be as follow:
Two experiments (each of 60marks) 120Marks
Viva Voce 40Marks
Record 40 Marks
Total- 200.Marks
***
M. Sc. Physics (Final Year)
Paper-V-Condensed Matter Physics
Unit-I.
Crystal physics and Defect in Crystals: crystalline solids, unit cell and direct lattice, two and
three dimensional Bravals lattices, closed Packed structures. Interaction of x-rays with
matter, absorption of x-rays, Elastic scattering from a perfect lattice. The reciprocal lattice
and its application to diffraction techniques. The Laue, powder and rotating crystal methods,
crystal structure factor and intensity of diffraction maxima, Extinctions due to lattice
centering. Point defects, line defects and planer (stacking) faults. The role or dislocation in
plastic deformation and crystal growth. The observation of imperfection in crystals, x -ray
and electron microscopic techniques. Lattice, vibration and thermal properties: interrelation
between elastic constants CII, C12 and C44 wave propagation and experimental
14
determination of elastic constant of cubic crystals, vibration of linear mono and d iatomic
lattices, Determination of phonon dispersion by inelastic scattering of neutrons.
Unit-II.
Theory of Metals: Fermi Dirac distribution function, density of states, temperature
dependence of Fermi energy, specific heat, Boltzmann equation and mean free path,
relaxation time and scattering processes, thermal conductivity (using ferminDirac statistics)
Widemann –Franz ratio, Hall effect, susceptibility, Drude theory of light absorption in
Metals. Electronic properties of Solids: electrons in a period lattice: Bloch theorem, band
theory, Kronig-Penny Model, classification of solids, effective mass,nearly free electron
model, Tight-bonding. Cellular and APW,OPW and pseudo potential methods, Fermi
surface, de Hass von Alfen effect. Cyclotron resonance, magneto resistance.
Semiconductors: law of mass action, calculation of impurity conductivity, ellipsoidal
energy. Surface in Si and Ge, Hall effect, recombination mechanisms, optical transition and
schockey –Read theory excitons, photoconductivity photo-Luminescence.
Unit-III.
Magnetism: Lannor diamagnetism. Para magnetism, curie, angevin and quantum theories.
Susceptibility of rare earth and transition metals, Ferromagnetism Domain theory, weiss
molecular field and exchange, spin wave: dispersion relation and its experimental
determination by inelastic neutron scattering, heat capacity. Nuclear magnetic resonance;
condition of resonance, Bloch equations NMR- experiment and characteristics of an
absorption line.Electron- phonon interaction: experimental survey of superconductivity
critical temperature, persistent current, Meissner effect. Interaction of electron with
acoustic-and optical phonons, polarons, superconductivity; manifestation of energy gap-
cooper Pairing due to phonons, BCS theory of superconductivity, Ginzsburg Landgu theory
and application to Josephson effect; d-c Josephson effect a-c Josephson effect. Macroscopic
quantum interference, vortices and type II superconductors, high temperature
superconductivity (elementary)
Text and Reference Books:
1. Verma and srivastva, Crystallography for solid state physics
15
2. Azaroff, introduction to Solids
3. Aschroft & Mermin: solid state physics
4. Kittel: solid state physics
5. Chaikin and lubensky: principles of condensed matter physics
6. Madelung: introduction to solid state theory
7. Huang: theoretical solid state physics
8. Kittel: quantum theory of solids
9. Azaroff: x-ray crystallography
10. Weertmann & weertmann Elementary Dislocation theory
11. Azaroff: & Buerger: the power method
***
Paper-VI-Nuclear And Practical Physics
Unit-I.
Two Nuclear System and Nuclear Force: saturation characteristics of nuclear force, charge
independence and isospin invariance, spin velocity dependence, tensor and spin-orbital
force, attractive and repulsive and central and non-central force. Introduction of nuclear
potentials, Nuclear characteristics to deuteron binding energy, spin, magnetic and quadru-
pole moments, Idea of central of the deuteron in ground state using square well potential,
range-depth relationship, effective range theory, wave function and radius, Deuteron bond
state, Coherent scattering of neutron in Ortho and Para hydrogen, qualitative discussion of
p-p scattering and hard core potential, Discussion of the one Boson Exchange potential
(OBEP), Mass and spin determination of a charged Pion. n-p scattering and reactions:
partial wave analysis of n-p scattering, phase shift analysis of scattering and reaction cross
sections, effective range, Breit Winger single level relation for resonance and reaction cross
section and relater, numerical problems. Direct reaction and compound reaction, Bohr’s
theory, statistical theory and discussion of level density in case even-even, even-odd and
odd nuclei, probability, cross section of formation and decay of the compound nucleus,
Ghosal experiment.
Unit-II.
16
Models of Nuclear configuration: Empirical evidences of magic numbers, magnetic
moments of proton and neutron, Shell model of nuclear structure using different potentials,
spin-orbit coupling correction and shell closures. Single particle model (SPM) and spin and
parity (jP) of odd-A even-even and odd-odd niclei and Northeim rule and B-B rules and
discussion of exceptional states, exercise of obtaining JP for nuclei and their verification
with experimental values, Magnetic and quadru-pole moments and the SPM Schmidt lines
and their modification, Special discussion of shell model in case of A< 150and A> nuclei.
Shell model and nuclear deformation, collective nuclear deformation rotational and
vibrational models,Generalized nuclear deformation and Nielsson Model.
Unit-III.
Gamma transitions and nuclear fission: multiple electric and magnetic transition, Transition
Probabilities, weiskopf unit. Isomerism and shell model and isomeric states, land of
Isomers, life time and width measuremen,Liquid drop model and nuclear fission, fissility
and fissionenergy, critical reactor and neutronics in a reactor-four facto formula mass
distribution of fission product and their radio-toxicity, Nuclear waste and related problems.
Radio-nuclide and their applications,
Sciniliators and gamms spectrometry, identification of radio-nuclide, surfac barrier
detectors and fission detectors, Beta decay and weak interaction:Nuclear beta decay,
continuous energy spectrum, neutrino hypothesis, kinematical consideration of b’, b”,
electron conversion and double b emission four lepton interaction, Fermi theory of b decay
Fermi and Gammow Teller transition ft-value determination an allowed and beta decay,
party violation, Wu’s experiment, V-A interaction. Beta spectrometr and characterization
XRP etc,
Reference Books,
1. Experiment Nuclear physics. Vol-.I and II,K.N. Mukhin, Mir publication,
Moscow.
2. A text book of Nuclear physics, CMH Smith, pergamon press.
3. Element of nuclear physics, W.E. burchsm,ELBS Longman,
17
4. Nuclear physics by Kenneth S krane.
5. Nuclear physics R.R, Roy and B.P. NigamWilley Basten, 1979.
6. The Atomic nuclear R.D. Evans, Mc Graw Hill, 1955.
7. Introduction to Experiments, R. M. Singru, Wilet Eastern, Pvt. Lmt.
***
Elective – I
Paper-VII-(A)Advanced Quantum Mechanics & Introductory
Quantum Field Theory
Unit-I.
Scattering (non-relativistic): Differential and total scattering cross section,
transformation from CM frame to Lab frame, solution of scattering problem by the
method of partial wave analysis, expansion of a plane wave Apllications-scattering from
a delta potential, square well potential and the hard sphere scattering of identical
particles, quesi stationary states. The Lippman-Schwinger equation and the Gree;s
function approach for scattering, Bron approximation and its validity for scattering
problem,Coulomb scattering problem under first Born approximation in elastic
scattering. Relativistic forinulation and Dirac Equation: Attempt for relativistic
formulation of quantum theory. The Klein-Gordon equation, probability density and
probability current density, solution of free particle K. G. Equation in momentum
representation, interpretation of negative probability density and negative energy
solution . Dirac equation for a free particle, properties of Dirac matrices and algebra of
gamma matrices non-relativistic correspondence of the pauli equation (inclusive of
electromagnetic interaction). Solution of the free particle Dirac equation, orthogonsality
and energy solution and hole theory.
Unit-II.
18
Symmetries of Dirac Equation: Lorentz covariance of Dirac equation, proof of
covariance and of Lorentz boost and rotation matrice for Dirac spinors. Projection
involving four momentum and spin, parity (p) charge conjugation (c) time reversal (T)
and (P) and PT operators for Dirac spinors, Bilinear covariants and their
transformations behavior under loreniz transformation,P.C.T. and CPT. EXPECTION
values of co-ordinate and velocity involving only positive energy solution and the
associate problems, inclusion of negative energy solution zitterbewegung. Klien
paradox.The quantum theory of radiation: classical radiation field, transversality
condition, fourier decomposition and radiation oscillators, quantization of radiation
oscillator. Creation annihilation and number operators, photon states, photon as a
quantum mechanical excitation of the radiation field, fluctuation and the uncertainly of
the relation, validity of the classical description, matrix element and absorption
spontaneous emission in the dipole approximation, Rayeight scattering. Thomson
scattering and the Raman effect, radiation damping and Resonance fluorescence.
Unit-III.
Scalar and vector fields, classical lagrangian field theory, Euler lagrange’s equation,
largangian density for electromagnetic field. Occupation number representation for
simple harmonic oscillator, linear array of coupled oscillators, second quantization of
identical boson, second quantization of the real klein Gordan field and complex klein–
Gordano field, the meson propagator. The occupation number representation for
fermions, second quantization of the Dirac field, the fermions propagator, the e, m,
interaction and gauge in variance, covariance quantization of the free electromagnetic
field, the photon propagator. S-matrix, the S-matrix expansion, Wick’s theorem
Diagrammatic representation in configuration space, the momentum representation,
Feynman diagrams of basic processes, Feynman, Feynman riles of QED. Application of
S-matrix formalism: the coulombs scattering, Bhabha scattering, Moller scattering, and
pair production.
Text and Reference Books:
1. Ashok Das and AC Milissiones: quantum mechanics-A Modern
19
2. Approach (Garden and Breach Science publishers)
3. E. Merzbaker, quantum Mechanics, second edition (John wiley and Sons)
4. Bikorkenand Drall: Relativistic quantum mechanics Mc Graw Hill)
5. JJ Sakurai: Advance quantum mechanics (john Wiley and Sons)
6. Quantum field theory by F, Mandal & G Shaw(john-Wiley)
7. Elements of Advance Quantum theory by J.M. Ziman(Cambridge University press).
***
Paper-VII-(B) Atomic And Molecular Physics:
Unit-I.
Basic principle of interaction of spin and applied magnetic field-concepts, Of NMR,
Spectroscopy-concept of spin, spin lattice relaxation chemical shift spin spin coupling
between two and more nuclear (quantative) experimental setup CW NMR Spectrometer
chemical analysis using NMR.
Mossbauer effect-Recoilless emission of gamma rays –chemical shift-Electron spin
resonance-Effects of LS coupling fine and hyperline interaction –Experimental setup.
Electron spin resonance-effects of LS Coupling fine and hyperline structure-G values-
Simple experimental setup.
Unit-II.
Time dependence in quantum mechanics-Time dependent perturbation theory-Rale
expression for emission-perturbation theory calculation of Polarisability-quantum
mechanical expression for emission rate-Time correlation function and spectral fourier
transform pair-Properties of time correlation function and spectral time shape-
20
Fluctuation dissipation theorem-Rorational correlation function and pure rotational
spectra-Reorientational spectroscopy of liquids. Raman effect-quantum theory–
Molecular, Polarisability-pure rotation Raman spectra, of diatomic molecules-Vibration
rotation Raman spectrum of diatomic molecules-intensity alteration in Raman spectra of
diatomic molecules. Experimental setup for Raman spectroscopy-Application of IR, and
Raman spectroscopy in the structure determination of simple molecules,
Unit-III.
Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules-Born Oppenheimer approximation, Vibration
coarse structure of electronic band-progression and sequences-intensity of electronic
band-Franck Condon principle-Dissociation and pre dissociation energy-Rotation fine
structure of electronic bands Electronic structure of diatomic (base idea only)
Text and Reference Books:
1. Molecular spectroscopy-jeane L Mc-Hle
2. Molecular quantum mechanics-P,W,Aikins & R.S.-Friedman
3. Mossbauer spectroscopy-M.R. Bhide
4. NMR and chemistry-J.W.Akitt
5. Structural ethods in inorganic chell listry-E,A.V. Ebsworth, D,W,H.Rankin &
S.Cradock.
6. Introduction to Atomic Spectra-H.E. White (T)
7. Fundamental of molecular spectroscopy-O.B. Babwell(T)
8. Spectroscopy Vol. I, II & III-Walker & straugnen
9. Introduction to molecular spectroscopy-G.M. Barro
10. Spectra of diatomic molecules-Herzberg
11. Molecular spectroscopy-J.M. Brown
***
Paper-VII(C)Quantum Electrodynamics And Quantum Many Body
Physics.
Unit-I .
21
Dirac equation properties of Dirac matrices Projection operators, Traces Feynman’s theory
of position, Second quantization of klein. Gordon field, Creation and Annihilation
operators, commutation relations. Quantization of electromagnetic field, creation and
annihilation operators, commutation relations, Fock space representation, interacting fields,
Dirac (interaction) picture, S-Matrix and its expansion ordering theorems, Feyman graph
and Feyman rules. Application to some problems like, Rutherford scattering and Compton
scattering, calculation of cross sections using, FAeyman graphs.
Unit-II.
Formation of second quantization wave functions for identical particles, symmetrized basis
for Fermi and Bosons, one particle & and two-particle operators and their matrix elements
in symmetrized basis.Number space representation of the basis, creation and annihilation
operators, Communication relations, Representation of operators in terms of creation and
annihilation operators. Equation of motion for operators in number space, Simple
applications electron gas: Hatree Fock approximation.Ground state energy and single
particle in paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states. Role of exchange term, Ground state of
interacting Bosons Bose-Einstein condensate, spectrum of elementary excitation, Super
fluidity Green’s functions and linear Response theory one particle and two particle Green’s
function on Analytic state properties of Green’s functions. Equation of Motion for Green’s
function, Perturbation theory interaction representation, Gall-Mann–Low theorem fpr
ground state energy, perturbation expansion for Green’s functions, Wick’s theorem, diagram
matic representation, Dyson’s equation, self energy, polarization, Application to interaction
Fermi gas. Dilute Fenni gas, Landau theory, screening of Coulomb interaction, nardom
phase approximation for electron
Text and Reference Books :
1. Bjorken & Drell: relativistic quantum I field
2. Muiehead: the physics of elementary particles
3. Schweber, Bethe and Hoffinann: Mesons and field sakurai: Advanced Quantum
Mechanics
4. Mandal: introduction to field theory
5. Lee: particle physics and introduction to field
22
***
Elective – II
Paper-VIII-(A)Microwave Electronics
Unit-I.
Introduction-to microwave -and its frequency- spectrum,-Application of microwaves,
Wave guides:
(a) Rectangular wave guides, wave Equation and its solutions. TE& TM modes.
Dominant, mode and choice of wave guide Dimensions Methods of excitation of
wave guide
(b) Circular wave guide-wave equation and its solutions, TE,TM & TEM modes.
(c) Attenuation-cause of attenuation in wave guides, will current and derivation of
attenuation constant, Q of the wave gui
Microwave Devices:
klytron, magnetron and travelling wave tubes, velocity modulation Basic principles
of two cavity klystrons and Reflex klystrons.-Principles of operation of magnetrons.
Helix travelling wave tubes, wave modes, Transferred electron.devices, Gunn
Effect, principles of operation, Modes of operation, Read diode, IMPATT diode,
TRAPATT Diode
Unit-II.
Microwave Communications:
Advantage and disadvantage of microwave transmission loss in free space,
propagation of microwaves, atmospheric effects on propagation, Fresnel zone problem,
23
ground reflection, Fading sources, Deteoctors, components, antennas used in MW
communication systems
Satellite Communications:
Satellite-Communications: orbital satellites, Geostationary satellites. Orbital parents,
look angles, orbit spacing, satellite systems. Link modules, Parametric Amplifier:
varactor, Equation of capacitance in linearly graded and abrupt p-n junction, manely
Rowe relations, parametric up convertor and negative resistance parametric amplifier, use of
circulator, Noise in parametric amplifiers. Microwave Antennas: introduction to antenna
parameters, magnetic currents, electric and magnetic current sheet, field of Huygen;s
source, radiation from a antenna, open edn of a wave guide and electromagnetic-Horns.
Parabolic reflections, lens antennas.
Unit-III.
Ferrites: Microwave propagation in ferrites, faraday rotation, Devices employing faraday
rotation (isolator, Gyrator, Circulator). Introduction to crystal ferromagnetic resonators,
YIG tuned solid state resonators
Microwave Measurements:
(a) microwave detectors: power frequency, attenuation, impedance using Smith chart,
VSWR, Reflectometer, directivity, coupling using direction coupler (b) Complex
permittivity of material and its measurement: definition of complex, permittivity, loss
tangent, measurement of E solids, liquid and power using shift of minima method. Radar
system Radar block diagram, operation radar. Frequencies pulse considerations. Radar range
equation, Minimum detectable signal reconsiderations, Radar range equation minimum
detectable signal receiver noise signal to noise ratio. Integration of radar pulse,radar cross
section pulse repetition frequency. Antenna parameters, system losses and propagation
losses, radar transmitters, receivers Antennas, Displays,
Text and Reference Books:
24
1. “Microelectronics” by Jacob Millman, Mc Graw –Hill international book co. new
Delhi.1990.
2. “Optoelectronics Theory and practice Edited by Alien thabbal Mc Graw Hill Books
co. New York.
3. “Microwaves by K.C. Gupta. Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi 1983.
4. “Advanced Electronics Communications systems” by Wayne Tomasi.phil.Edn.
5. Electromagnetic & Radiating system; Jordon & Balmain.
6. Theory and application of microwaves by A.B. Brownweli & R.E.Beam (Mc Graw
Hill).
7. Introduction to microwave the Y by Atwater (McGraw Hill)
8. Microwave by M.L. Sisodia & Vijay Laxmi Gupta.
9. Microwave electronics by R.F. Soohoo (Addisen Wesley Pub. Cmp.)
…foundation of microwave engineering by R.E. Collin.(Mc Graw I’EII).
…Solid state physics electronics by A. Vanderziel,(PHI.India).
10. Solid state physics electronics by BG Streetman (PHI, India)
11. Microwave principles by H.J. Reich (CBS).
***
Paper-VIII (B)Solid State Electronics
Unit-I.
Semiconductor material and carriers Transport in semiconductors: energy bands, intrinsic
carrier concentration, Donors and Acceptors. Direct and indirect band semiconductors.
Elemental (Si) and compound semiconductors(GaAs), Doping of Si (group III(n) and group
V(p) Compounds) and Gas A (groupie(p), IV(n.p.)and VI(n)compounds).Calculation of
Fermi level and conductivity of semiconductors. Carrier Driff, carrier Diffision, continuity
equation, Ambjpolar transport carrier injection, generation recombination processes -Direct,
indirect band gasp semiconductors, band to band, trap assited and auger recombination, low
and high injection. Quasi Fermi levels, Minority carrier life time, Driff and Diffusion of
25
Minority carrier(Haynes-Shockley Experiment) Determination of conductivity (a) four
prove and(b) van der paw techniques.
Semiconductor-surfaces:-surface charge barriers, surface recombination .amorphous
semiconductors, mobility edge band tail and dangling band states.
Unit-II.
Junction Devices: Basic fabrication steps.-Diffusion of impurities, thermal diffusion,
constant total Dopant diffusion, ion implantation. Need for junctions. Junction Devices (i)
p-n junction-Energy band and herto junction, Current flow mechanism in p-n junction,
effect of indirect and surface recombination currents of the forward biased diffusion current,
diode ideality factor, breakdown mechanics p-n junction, switching properties., P-I-N diode.
Metal-semiconductor, (Schottky) junction: energy band diagram, current flow mechanisms
in forward and reverse blas, thermionic and diffusion currents. Effect to interface states,
Applications of schottky diodes,(ii) metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) diode. Energy band
diagram,-depletion and inversion layer, High and low frequency capacitance voltage (c-v)-
characteristics. Smearing of c-v curve, flat band shift, Application of MOS diode,
Unit-III.
Bipolar Transistor and thyristors: General characteristics of BJT.-Factors controlling current
gain, frequency- performance, switching of bipolar transistors, Basic concept of PNPN
structures, thyrstor turn on. Turn off and power considerations, triacs. Microwave devices:
Tunnel diode, high field effect in to valley semiconductors transfer electron devices (Gunn
diode) avalanche transit times devices (read, Impatt devices) (Over view and basic principle
of the following);-Integrated-circuit Technology crystal growth and water preparation,
vapour phase epitaxy, molecular beam opitaxy, oxidation, lithography, etching,
anaetallization assembly packging. Last land VLST: fundamental consideration for IC
processing.
Text and Reference Books:
1. K. sseger: semiconductor physics, Springer Verlag.
2. John, P. Mckley: solid state and semiconductor physics, Haper and Row.
3. A .g. Miilnes: Semi-conductor Devies and integrated Electronics, Von non.
26
4. S. M. Sze: physics of semiconductor Devices Wiley.
5. S. M. Sze VLSI Technology.
***
Paper-VIII(C) Plasma Physics
Unit-I.
Basic properties and occurrence, Definition of plasma, Criteria for plasma behavior
plasma oscillation, Quasineutrality and Debye shielding. the plasma parameter. Natural
occurrent of plasma. Astrophysical plasma, Plasma in magnetosphere and ionosphere.
Plasma production and diagnostics. Thermal lionization, Saha, equation. Brief
discussion of methods of laboratory plasma production, Steady state glowb discharge,
microwave breakdown and induction discharge, double plasma machine, Elementary
ideas about plasma diagnostics,, Electrostatic and magnetic probes, Charged particle
motion and drifts, Guiding centre motion of a charged particle. Motion in (i) uniform
electric and magnetic field (ii) gravitation and magnetic fields, Motion in non-uniform
magnetic field (i) grad B perpendicular to B, “grad B drift and curvature drift(ii) grad B
parallel field for small lamour mduis. Time varying electric field and polarization drift.
Time varying magnetic field adiabatic invariance of magnetic moment.
Unit-II .
Plasma field question field equations; convective derivative, two fluid and single fluid
questions. Fluid drifts perpendicular to B, diamagnetic drift. Diffusion and resistivity:
collision in fully ionzed plasma. Plasma resistivity. Diffusion in fully ionzed plasmas.
Solution of Diffusion equation. Equilibrium and stability: hydromagnetoncept of
equilibrium. Concept of magnetic pressure. Equilibrium of a cylindrical pinch. The
bennet pinch. Diffusion of magnetic field in to a olasma. Classification of instabilities.
Two stream instability. The gravitational instability. Resistive drift waves. Waves in
plasma: electron plasma waves. Ion waves, Elecn’osatatic electron oscillations,
perpendicular to B upper hybrid oscillations. Electrostatics ion wavws perpendicular to
27
B, ion cyclotron waves, lower hybrid oscillation. Electromagnetic waves in fields free
plasma. Electromagnetic waves Perpendicular to B, cut offs and resonances,
electromagnetic waves paral;el to magnetic field, Hydro magnetic waves. Magneto sonic
waves.
Unit III.
Kinetic theory, Boltzman and Vilacov equations, Derivation of IIIUltifluid equations,
Vlassov equation, Linearization of vlassov Maxwell equations High frequency plasms
waves. Landau damping, A physical derivation of landau damping, Low frequency ion
acoustic, Ion landau damping, Low frequency ion acoustic waves, ion landau damping.
Non-linear effects: Non-linear effect in plasma. The sagdeov potential, Derivation of
Kdv equation for ion acoustic waves. Solution- solution in one dimension Elementary
ideas about the pondermotive force and parametric instability, Oscillating two stream
instability, Nom-linear landau damping. Controlled thermonuclear fusion ignition
temperature and Lawson criteria. Magnetic confinement. Simple discussion of Tokrmak,
stellarators, multipoles and Z pinch. Idea about interstial confinement and Laser funsion.
Methods of plasma heating and problems of funsion. Basic principle and working of
MHO power generator, plasma application in industry, plasma torches.
Text and Reference Books:
1. F.F. choen An introduction to plasma physics(lpenum press) 1947.
2. R. C. Davidson: Method in Non-linear plasma theory (Academic press) 1972.
3. W. B. Bittencoms: plasma in theory and Application(Mc GrawHill) 1966.
4. J.A. Bittencoms: fundamental of plasma physics(pergamons press) 1986.
5. Cuberol: introduction of un magnetized plasma(Prentice Hill01988.
***
28
Paper-VIII(D)Atmospheric Science And Environmental Physics
Unit-I.
Physical Meteorology:
Atmospheric composition, law of thermodynamics of the atmosphere adiabatic process.
Potential temperature. The clausis clapyron equation, laws of black body radiation, solar
and terrestrial radiation. Albedo, Greenhouse effect. Heat balance of earth-atmosphere
system. Dynamic Meteorology fundamental forces, non-inertial reference frames and
apparent forces, structure of static atmosphere. Momentum, continuity and energy
equations, thermodynamics of the dry atmosphere. Elementary application of the basic
equations. The circulation theorem, voracity, potential vorticity, vorticity and potential
vorticity equations. Upper atmosphere during pre,post and mid-monsoon season,
monsoon circulation in the meridonal(Y-Z) and zonal (X-Y) planes, energy cycle of
monsoon. Dynamic of monsoon depressions and easterly waves. Intra seasonal and
interannual variability of monsoon. Quasi by weekly and 30-60 day oscillations. ENSO
and dynamical mechanism for ttheir existence. Numerical method for atmospheric
models filtering of sound and gravity waves, filtered forecast equations, basic concepts
of quasigeostrophic , and primitive equation modles, one level and multilevel models,
basic concept of initialization and objective analysis for waves equation, advectiofil
equation and diffusion equation.
Unit-II.
Atmospheric pollution: role of meteorology on atmospheric pollution, boundary layer,
air stability, local wind structure, Ekman spiral, turbulence boundary layer, scaling.
Residence time and reaction rates of pollutions, Sulphur compounds, nitrogen
compounds, carbon compounds, organic compounds, aerosols, toxic gases and
radioactive particle trace gases. Atmospheric instrumentation systems Ground based
instruments for the measurement of tmperature, pressure, humidity, Wind and rainfall
rate. Air borne instrument radisonde. Rawindsonde, rocketsonde-satellite
instrumentation.Space borne instrument. Essential of environmental physics: Structure
and thermodynamics of the matter, energy and momentum in nature-Stratification and
29
stability of atmosphere. Laws of motion,hydrostatic equilibrium.-General circulation of
the tropics. Elements of weather and climate of India.
Unit-III.
Solar Terrestrial Radiation: physics of radiation.-Interaction of light with matter.
Rayleigh and Miescattering law of radiation (kichoffs law,planck’s law, Beers law.,
wiens displacement law, etc.) solar and terrestrial spectra UV, radiation. Depletion
problem.-IR absorption energy balance of the earth atmosphere system.-Environment
pollution and degradation elementary fluid dynamics.-Diffusion.-Turbulence and
turbulent diffusion. Factors governing air, water and noise pollution.-Air and water
quality standards. Water disposal. Heat Island effect. Land and sea breeze. Puffs and
plumes. Gascous and particulate matters. Wet and dry deposition.Environmental changes
and Remote Sensing: energy sources and combustion processes. Renewable sources of
energy. Solar energy, wind energy, bio energy, hydropower, fuel cells, nuclear energy.
Forestry and bio energy. Global and Regional and climate. Stability and vertical motion
of air. Horizontal motion of air and water. Pressure gradient forces. Viscous forces.
Inertial forces. Reynolds number. Enhanced greenhouse effect. Energy balances a zero
dimensional model. Globle climate modles.
Text and Reference Books:
1. The atmosphere by Frederick K. Lutgens and Edward1. Tarbuke (for chapter1anVI)
2. Dtnamic meteorology by Holton.I.R.3 edition, Academic press N.YF.(1992). THE
Piiysics of monsoon. By R. N. Keshvamurthy an\d M. Shankar Ra. Allied pub.
1992(for chapter3)
3. Numerical weather predicition by G. I. Haitiner and R. T. Villians. John
4. Wiley and sons.980
5. Principles of air pollution metrology by tom leyons and prillscott.
6. CBS, publisher and Distribution (p) Ltd.
7. Radar meterology by frienry Saugageot
8. Egbert Bocker snd Rienk van Groundeller; Environmetal physics(john Wiley0.
9. I.T. Hougtion: the physics of atmosphere(Combridge uni.press1977)
30
10. J.T. Wideel and J. Weir: renewable Energy Resources(Eibs,1988)
11. R. N. Keshiwamurthy and M. Shanker Rao: The physics of Monsoons(Allied
publishers,1992).
***
Paper-VIII(E)High Energy Physics:
Unit-I.
Historical Development, classification of particle-fermions and Bosons, particle and
antiparticle. Basic “Fermion constituents, quarks and leptons, hadrons-composites of quarks
and anti quarks. Interaction and field in particle physics, Electromagnetic, Gravitational,
weak and strong interaction. Hardon-hardon interactions, conservation Rules in fundamental
interactions. Colliding, 13eam Machines and related kinematics, electromagnetic shower
detectors. Hardon-shower calorimeters, Life time of natural pion. Invariance in quantum
mechanics, and translation and rotations. Parity Spin and party of the pion. Party of particle
and Anti particle, Tests of party conservation, charge conservation. Gauge invariance, and
photons. Charge conjugation invariance. Eigen states of charge conjugation operator,
Positronium decay, Experimental text of C- invariance, time several invariance, C-P
violation and CPT Theorem, electric dipole moment of the neutron. Isospin. Isospin in the
two Nucleon system, Isospin in the Pio-Nucleon system. strangeness and Isospin.
Unit-II.
Dalitz plots: Three body, phase space, kelt decay, Dalitz plots involving three Dissimilar
particles, total and Elastic cross-section at this energy, Pmlicic production at high Energies
the baryon Decuplet, quark spin and color, the baryon octet, quark Anti-quark combinations:
the paeudoscalar mesons, The vector Meson lept9nic decay of vector mesons. Heavy-Meson
Spectroscopy and the quark model. Charmonium levels. Epsilon states. Classification of
weak interactions. Fermi theory of Nuclear B decay, interaction of free neutrinos: inverse B
decay, Heliecity of the neutrino. Party violation in A decay, party non conservation in B-
31
decay, pion and Muon decos, It J.I Decay and J.I_e branching ratios. Weak decay of Strange
particles, cabibbo theory. K” decay. Strangeness oscillations, the K” regeneration
phenomenon, CP violation in k” decay.
Unit-III.
The scattering cross section in term of invariant Amplitude M, decay rate in term of M,
invariant ( Mandelstan) variables. An electron interacting with an electromagnetic field Am’
molar scattering e e Ec, the process Cnr C’ nr and the process ecpr, Helicity Conservation at
high energies. Photon and their polarization vectors, summary of Feynman rules for QED (
no derivation). The process elep in the laboratory frame, kinematics relevant to the parton
model scattering of electrons from a static charge. Probing a charge Distribution with
electrons, form factors, electron proton scattering proton form factors. Inelastic electron-
proton scattering cpe X, summary of formalism for analyzing ep/scattering inelastic electron
scattering as a virtual, photon. Photon total cross section. Bjorken sealing, panons and
Bjorken sealing, the quark with in the proton, Gluons and their evidence. Parity violation
and the V-A form of the weak current. Life time cale ulation for muon decay and pion
decay. Charged cu, ITI nt neutrino-Electron scattering, neutrino quark scattering first
observation of weak neutron currents, neutral currents and neutrino quark scattering. The
cabbibbo Angle, weak mixing angles.
Text and Reference Books:
1. Donald H. perkins: introduction to high energy physics ( Addison Wesley) E, Halgen
and Martin: quark and Leptons
2. The scope of the syllabus is based upon the book’ quark and leptons by E Halzen and
A.D. Martin. The problems related to the topics are included in the syllabus.
***
32
Paper-VIII(F)-Informatics (Materials And Datacommunication)
Unit-I.
Semiconductor quantum structures, Hetero structures, Mismatch Hetero structures.
Coherently strained structures, partially relaxed strained layer structure. Methods of
formation Hetero structures some of the examples, of Hetero structures band gap
engineering. Strained layer Epitaxy. Light emitting Diodes, Etched well surface emitting
LED,continuous operation laser, Hetero quantum lasers, CW Hetero quantum laser, stripe
Geometry.2-follrier series and transforms and their applications to data communication. -
Introduction to probability and Random variable.-Introduction of information.-Theory-and
queuing theory. Introduction and Evolution of telecommunication, fundamentals of
electronic communication: wired wireless, satellite and optic fiber, analog digital, serial
parallel, simplex/half and full duplex, synchronous/ asynchronous, biltbaud rates, party and
error control(CRC, LRC, ARQ, etc,) signal to noise ratio, transmission types, codes modes
speed and throughput. Modulation types, techniques, and standards.-Base band and carrier
communication, Detection, interference, noise signals and their characterization. Phase
locked loops moderns, transmission media (guided and unguided). Common interface
standards. Computer languages. Introduction to Gc+ Data types and operators. Statement
and controls flow, function and program structure, strings, the preprocessor, pointers,
Memory Allocation input and output, subprogram recursion, file Access.
Unit-II.
Object orientation concepts: Classes, object, methods and message, encapsulation and
inheritance, interface and implementation, reuse and extension of classes, inheritance and
polymorphism; analysis and design; Notation for object-orient analysis and design; case
studies and application using some object oriented programming Languages. Introductions
to wed enabling technologies and authoring tools/languages (webcasting, database
integration CGI,peril, java, HTLM; C#,) Network types and architecture
(broadcast,multicast,-LAN,MAN WAN, topology. Token ring FDDI, Cabling). Protocols,
interfaces and series,-x2 25, ISDN, ATM, VPN, frame relay, wireless transmission, bridge.
CPT/ IP and ISOOSI models. Routing congestion and flow control, tunneling, internetwork
routing. Datalink protocols, Multiple-protocols, TCP, UDP, Transpotr layer error recovery,
Application layer services and protocols. IP addressing network security.
Unit-III.
33
Evolution for internet, internet architecture, goals and key issues related to internet working
technologies; internet connectivity (Dial-up, dedicated lines-broadband, DSI, radio VSA T,)
Domain Name Scheme, technology and tools reievant for web access ( FPT, email search
tools.) internet security. Multimedia, techniques of data compression, voice, video, phone
and interactive video-on demand over the internet. Mobile computing fundamentals of
Network Management ( NM), Need for NM Elements of NM System ( Manage Agent and a
protocol, SNMP), Functional areas of NM defined by ISO fault) management configuration
Magangellent, performance management, security management, Accounting management,
NM standards, web based NM ( introduction) case studies; HP open-view IBM net-view,
SUN Solaris Enterprise manager.
Text and Reference Books:
1. Data communication by Reid and Dartskor. Data network by Gallager.
2. Data communication by William Stslling.
3. Communication networks by Leon-Garcia and Widjaja.
4. Introduction to communication system by S. Haykins.
5. Analog and Digital communication by S. Haykins.
6. Jesse Litery, Beginning object oriented Analysis & design using’ C++WORK PRO
1998.
***
Paper-VIII(G)Science And Technology Of Solar, Hydrogen, Solar Energy And Othe
Renewableenergies
Unit-I.
Solar energy: fundamental of photovoltaic energy conversion physics and materials
properties Basic to photovoltaic energy conversion: Optical properties of solids. Direct and
indirect transition semiconductors, interrelationship between absorption eceffici ents and
band gap recombination of carriers. Types of solar cells, p n junction solar cell, transport
equation, current density, open circuit voltage and short circuit current, brief de -iptions of
single crystal silicon and amorphous sjIjcon solar cells, ementary idea of advanced solar
34
cells, e, g, Tandem solar cells, solid liquid junction solar cells, nature of semiconductor.
Electrolytic junction. Principles of photo electro-chemical solar cells.
Unit-II.
Hydrogen Energy: Relevance in relation to depletion of fossil fuels and environmental
considerations. Hydrogen production; solar hydrogen through photo electrolysis and photo
catalytic process, physics of material characteristics for production of solar hydrogen.
Storage of hydrogen; brief discussion of various storage processes, special features of solar
state hydrogen storage materials, structural and electronic characteristics to storage
materials. New St, range modes safety and utilization of hydrogen various factors relevant
to safety. Use of hydrogen as fuel, use in vehicular transport, hydrogen for electricity
generation, fuel cells, elementary concept of other. Hydrogen based devices such as Air
conditioners and ‘Hydride Batteries other renewable clean energies; elements of solar
thermal energy. Wind energy and Ocean thermal energy conversion. Heat conduction;
duferential equation of heat conduction, initial and boundary conditions. Method of solving
heat conduction problems; separation of variable method for one dimension, the green’s
function method. Integral in method for finite and infinite ranges. Problems with and
without internal heat generation. Numerical analysis of transient and periodic state of heat
conduction. Measurement techniques for thermal conductivity and their. Comparative study
( static and dynamic), guarded hot plate method, thermal probe parallel wire.
Unit-III.
Convective and Radiative heat transfer. Theory of convective heat transfer laminar and
turbulent flow, boundary layer theory. Heat transfer in duct heat exchangers; bas ic thermal
sign methods. Theory of heat pipes. Design considerations. Application of heat pipes. Direct
and indirect diffused thermal radiation. Radiative properties of real surfaces, radiative
exchange between surfaces atmospheric attenuation, solar radiation measurement solar
radiation geometry. Solar energy collectors; flat plate solar energy collectors. Selective
absorber surface. Transparent plates. Collector energy losses. Thermal analysis of
collectors. Air heating collectors, collector performance testing. Concentrating collectors.-
Thermal analysis of concentrating collectors. Tracking requirements. Thermal energy
35
storage and thermal Devices; storage of solar energy. Water storage. Stratification of water
storage, packed bed storage. Phase change storage. Solar pond chemical storage. Solar space
conditioning-energy requirement in buildings, passive system architecture performance and
design; coiling processes-vapour compression refrigeration cycle. Absorption refrigeration
cycle, performance of solar absorption air conditioning. Solar energy process economics.
Text and Reference Boobs:
1. Hydrogen as an energy c IITier technologies\, system economy; edswinte amd Niech.
Heat conduction; M. Necati Ozisik-john wiley & sons.,,Hand book of heat transfer
Application; Edited by warren M. Rohsenow, james P, Harnou and fjup N. Ganic.
2. Conduction of heat in solids; H.S. Carslas and T.C. Jsegar,Oxford clarendon.
3. Press 1959…. Heat and Mass transfer; A Luikov, M. public hers Moscow …thermal
conductivity of solid; IE, parrot and Audrey D, Stucks; pion
4. Limited, London,,,, sobr Energy Engg: Juisheng Haich, prentice Hall, New Jersey
,,,,,Solar energy thermol process: Dluffie and Bckman. Wiley & sons. Newyork.
5. Solar energy: S.P. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
***
Paper-VIII(H)Physics Laser And Properties Of Biomolecules
Unit-I.
Gaussian beam and its properties.,Stable two-Minor Optical resonation longitudinal and
transverse Modes of Laser cavity, Mode selection Gain in a Regenerative laser cavity.
Threshold for 3 and 4 level laser system,” Mode locking pulse shortening. Pico second &
femto second operation spectral Narrowing and stabilization, Laser Systems; Ruby laser Nd-
YAG laser, semiconductors laser, Diode-pumped solid state lasers, Nitrogen laser, carbon-
dioxide laser, Excimer laser dye laser, high power laser system.
Unit-II.
Laser spectroscopic technique and other Applications, laser fluorescence and Raman
scattering and their use in pollution studies, Nonlinear interaction of light with matter, laser
induced multi photon process and their applications, Ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy with
36
laser and its applications, Propagation of light in a medilum with variable index. Optical
fibers, Light wave communication, Qualitative treatment of Medical and Engineering
applications of lasers. Structural Aspects of Bio molecules;- conformation principles,
conformation and configuration Isomers and Derivatives, Structure of pojy nucleotides,
structure of polypeptides, primary, secondary, Tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins
structures of polysaccharides,
Unit-III.
Theoretical technique and their application to Bio molecules hard sphere approximation.
Ramachandrsa plot, potential energy surfaces outline of molecules mechanics method, Brief
ideas about semi-empirical and ab initio quantum theoretical methods, molecules charge
distribution.-Molecules electrostatic potential and field and their uses. Spectroscopic
techniques and their application to Bio molecules use of NMR in elucidation of molecules
structure, Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, cicular Dichruism, laser Raman
spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, photo acoustic. Spectroscopy, photo-biological aspects of
Nucleic Acid, Structure function relationship and modeling molecular recognition,
Hydrogen bonding Lipophilic pockets on receptors. Drugs and their principles of Action.
Lock and key model and induced fit model,
Text and Reference Books:
1. Svelte: laser
2. Yariv; optical electronics
3. Demtroder; laser spectroscopy
4. Latekhov; Non-linear laser spectroscopy
5. Srinivasan & pattabhi; structural aspects of Bio molecules
6. Govil& House; conformation of Biological molecules
7. Priced; basic molecules Biology
8. Pullman; quantum mechanics of molecular conformation
9. Lehninger; Biochemistry
10. Melier & cordes; Biological chemistry
37
11. Smith & Hanawait: Molecular photobiology, inactivation and recovery. Fonash solar
cell devices-physics.
List Of Experiments
Note: students are required to perform at least eight experiments from the general laboratory
and eight-experiments form microwave/Electronic devices laboratory. Total number of
experiments to be performed by the students during the academic session should be at least
16. Few experiments other than below, may be set at the college level, but at standard of
M.Sc. (Final0 class.
GROUP-A (General laboratory Course)
1. Determine fine structure constant using sodium doublet
2. Verify Cauchy’s relation and determination of constants
3. To determine elm for an electron by Zeeman effect
4. Determine the dissociation energy of Iodine molecule
5. Determine of energy of a given ray form Re-De source
6. Find out the percentage resolution of given seintillation spectrometer using Csm
7. Find out the energy of a given x-Ray source with the help of scintillation
spectrometer
8. Plot the oaussian distribution curve for a radioactive source
9. To study the frequency and phase characteristic of band pass filter
10. Study the wave from characteristics of transistorized astable symmetrical multi
vibration using CRO and determine its frequency by various C & R.
11. Artificial transmission line
12. Determine the dielectric constant of turpentine oil with the help of leacher wire
system
13. To determine the velocity of wave in water using ultrasonic interferometer
14. To determine the magnetic susceptibility of two given samples by Gouy’s method
15. Determination of lande,s ‘g’ factor for IRRH crystal using electron spin resonance
spectrometer, Any other experiments of the equivalent standard can be set
16. GRUO B ( Laboratory Course)
38
17. To study the characteristics of reflex klystron and hence to determine mode number.
Transmit time, Electronics, tuning range electronic tuning sensitivity
18. To study the E-plane radiation pattern of pyramidal horn antenna and compute the
beam width o’ Antenna
19. To study the H plane radiation pattern of pyramidal horn antenna and compute the
Directition gain of the antenna
20. To determine the dielectric constant of given sample at Microwave frequency
21. To determine the dielectric constant of Benzene using plunger technique at room
temperature
22. To determine the unknown impedance using slotted line section Smith chart in the k-
band
23. To study the microwave absorption in dielectric sheets, Any other experiment of the
equivalent standard can be set
24. OR
25. Electronic Devices Laboratory Course
26. To determine e/m of an electron by magnetron valve method
27. To determine e/k using transistor characteristics
28. To study dark and illumination characteristic of p-n-junction solar cell and to
determine
29. Its internal series resistance
30. Diode ideality factor
31. To study the characteristic of following semiconductor devices
32. VDR
33. Photo transistor
34. LDR
35. LED
36. To study the characteristic of MOSFET Amplifier
37. To study dark and illumination characteristic of p-n junction solar cell and to
determine its
38. Maximum power available
39. Fill factor
39
40. To study temperature characteristic of a thermistor and determination of activation
energy
41. Studies on life-time measurements in p-n junction by various methods.( VOC decay
method/ reverse recovery method)
42. Resistivity measurements by vander-paw method and magneto resistance
43. Any other Experiments of the equivalent standard can be set.
Practical
12 hrs. duration Max. Marks: 200
Note: There will be two experiments of 6 hrs. duration, selecting one from each and group
for two days, the distribution of marks will be as follow:
Two experiments (each of 60marks 120Marks
Viva Voce 40Marks
Record 40 Marks
Total- 200Marks
*
OPJS UNIVERSITY,CHURU(RAJASTHAN)
***
