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Operations Management
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WHY OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT IS RELEVANT FOR ALL RAILWAYMEN?
It is the end product of IREfficiency of IR depends on its
OperationsPublic Image is also depends on
operations to a great extent. It has direct implication on the
revenue of IRAll departments are contributing to
Railway operations and hence to that extent responsible for it.
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VARIOUS TYPES OF OPERATIONS
Coaching Operations
Freight Operations
Departmental Operations
Rescue and Relief Operations
During Accidents
Operations during abnormal
working3
COACHING OPERATIONS INCLUDE..
Passenger Train Operations
Mixed Train Operations
Parcel Train Operations
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DIFFERENT PRODUCTS OF COACHING TRAINS
Premier Services Rajdhani, Shatabdi, Duranto, Premium trains,
Garibrath etc Superfast Trains Long distance Mail/ Express trains Short Distance Intercity trains Passenger Trains/Mixed Trains EMU/MEMU/DEMU Trains Rail bus Holiday/ Special Trains Parcel Trains
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ISSUES IN PASSENGER OPERATIONS
Rake Links : Planning and running of rakes so as to optimize asset utilization
Loco Links: loco links are normally from end to end unless there is change of traction or operational reasons.
Crew/Guard Links : Economy, human aspects and jurisdictions form the criteria
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RAKE LINKS
DAY1 BCT 2951 NDLS1640 0830
DAY 2 0835 1630
DAY 3 1640 REPEAT
NO. OF RAKES REQUIRED 3 – 1 = 2PRIMARY MAINTENANCE - BCTSECONDARY MAINTENANCE - NDLS
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ISSUES OF RAKE LINKS Primary & Secondary Maintenance Lie over at terminals Rake size and Rake Composition Uniform Rakes – exchangeability of
rakes Effective utilization of assets Average speed of train
M/E - 50kmph PASSENGER – 36 kmph GOODS - 25 kmph
8
10
BRC SHED - MAIL/EXPRESS LOCO LINK
19113/1911422929/22930 BLD-BRC EXP 110 KMPH 21
BRC-3 1 WAP5 LOCO LINK
540 KMS/LOCO/DAY (LINK KMS = 540)DAY L/O BLD BL NDB ST BH BRC ANND L/O KMS
1
270
270
2
20.45
07.05
11.0516.25
19114)22930(
19113)22929(
07.05
05.20
10.20TI@BRC(2700)
ISSUES OF LOCO LINKS No. of locos required for coaching
services Against total 2640 rakes, no. of
locos 3400 Maintenance schedules Lie over at terminals/sheds Coaching loco utilisation Average speed of train
M/E - 50kmph PASSENGER – 36 kmph GOODS - 25 kmph
Electric – 674 kmpd, Diesel – 612 kmpd
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ISSUES OF CREW LINKS
Working of trains - Crew HQs,
Working hours of crews
Rests & Running rooms
Spare working
Shortage of crew
13
TERMINAL ISSUES
Availability of maintenance
Facilities
Availability of platform
Watering/ fuelling
Catering halts
Connections
Availability of staff 14
FACTORS AFFECTING PUNCTUALITY
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Loco / Crew Changing Fuelling, Watering, Cleaning Shunting Parcel Loading Unloading Asset Failures Alarm Chain Pulling Unusual Incidences
FREIGHT OPERATIONSGoods Trains not time tabledMore complex as compared to passenger
operationsDaily planning and monitoring is
requiredFor running each goods train efforts are
required to arrange loco, crew, guard and most importantly the path.
Goods trains require continuous monitoring for effective running.
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ISSUES IN FREIGHT OPERATIONS Fluctuating Demands
Availability of proper wagons
TXR Examination
Sick marking/ ROH-POH Marking
Road side detachments
Pattern of traffic
Empty running 18
ISSUES IN FREIGHT OPERATIONS
Crew issues Crew availability Crew over hours – 10 hours rule PDD of crew
Loco issues Availability of locos Scheduled maintenance Unscheduled withdrawals/ failures Under Powering / Over Powering
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ISSUES IN FREIGHT OPERATIONSRunning Issues Availability of path Pre- departure Detentions Roadside regulations Speed differentials
Terminal related issues Terminal Facilities Terminal detentions
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MAINTENANCE BLOCKS
Availability of margin for blocks – Integrated Blocks
Planning in advance – use of technology for reduction in block time
Late running of M/E & Passenger Trains Heavy pressure of interchange EMERGENCY BLOCKS Regulating M/E & Passenger Trains Single Line Working Bursting of Blocks
21
LINE CAPACITY CONSTRAINTSGolden quadrilateral and its
diagonals are saturated routesNo scope to run additional
trainsCall of the day;
Heavy Haul OperationsLong Haul Operations
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STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVE HIGH GROWTH
ENHANCED AXLE LOAD OPERATIONS FROM 20.32 TO 22.9
ROUGH ESTIMATE= IN YEAR 2011-12, ENHANCED AXLE LOAD CONTRIBUTED 85MT OUT OF TOTAL 970MT i.e 8.7%
25 T on mineral routes Extend to all routes Develop wagons for 25T Targeted investments on low cost but
high return traffic facility works INCL TERMINALS
HEAVIER, FASTER, LONGER—MANTRA FOR XIITH PLAN
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DEDICATED FREIGHT CORRIDORS
Corridors Capable of :
Double Stack Container operation.
Fit for Speeds up to 100 Kmph
Capable of 25/32.5 Tonnes Axle Load
Adoption of liberal Maximum Moving
Dimension
Tare to pay load ratio of 4-5
Longer loops of 1500 m
Feeder routes fit for 25 tonne axle load30
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MUMBAI
DELHI
CHENNAI
KOLKATA
LUDHIANA
VIJAYAWADA
Proposed Freight Corridors
VASCO
Sanctioned projects
GLOBAL COMPARISION PARAMETER USA RUSSIA CHINA FRANCE GERMANY JAPAN INDIA
Route Kms/million population 747.40 598.1 45.5 466.5 410.9 157.5 55.2
RKM/Sq Km area-
23.6 4.9 6.4 54.2 94.9 53.0 19.3
NTKM(million)/Route km 12.44 24.84 34.75 NA NA NA 7.6
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GLOBAL COMPARISION PARAMETER USA RUSSIA CHINA FRANCE GERMONY JAPAN INDIA
PKM(million)/ Route km 3.06 2.06 10.84 2.82 2.2 12.6 10.97
NTKM+PKM/ Route km 12.7 26.9 45.6 NA NA NA 18.6
NTKM/Wagon/ day
16251 10104 10608 NA NA NA 6344
Transportation Output = [NTKM(mil) + PKM(mil)] / Employee/Year
15.13 2 1.4 0.76 0.72 2.09 0.83
33
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Parameter Indian Railways Other selected Railways
Heavy-haul Freight
5400 Tonnes Chinese Railways- 20,000 T, South African Railways -22,000t , Australian Rail Road - 32,000-37,000t ,Usa-19000t,Brazil-23000t
High Speed Rail No (maximum permissible speed – 140 kmph)
Germany, France, Spain, Japan, South Korea, China (250 to 350 kmph)
Fare to freight ratio
0.26 France – 1.3, China-1.2,
Freight market-share
35% USA-48%China-47%
GLOBAL COMPARISON-KEY PARAMETERS
35
Railways
Employee Productivity Network Productivity Wagon Productivity
(Annual) (Annual)
NTKM (million)/Employee
PKM (million)/Employee
NTKM (million)/Network Length
PKM (million)/Network Length
NTKM (million)/Wagon
Russia 1.81 0.15 21.87 1.80 5.52
China 1.23 0.38 39.66 12.38 4.31
India 0.44 0.66 9.39 14.12 2.73
PRODUCTIVITY COMPARISION
ASSET UTILISATION
Engine KM/Engine day Passenger – 612 (Diesel), 674 (Elect.) Goods - 407 (Diesel) 482 (Elect.)
Average Load per goods train : 1711 tonnes
36