Operatii Si Aparate in Industria Alimentara

8/12/2019 Operatii Si Aparate in Industria Alimentara

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UNIVERSITATEA BACAUFACULTATEA DE INGINERIESECTIA:''INGINERIA PRODUSELOR ALIMENTARE''

PROIECT LAOPERAII I APARATE NINDUSTRIA ALIMENTAR

STUDENT :

Bacu~2007~


2/26

UNIVERSITATEA BACAUFACULTATEA DE INGINERIESECTIA:''INGINERIA PRODUSELOR ALIMENTARE''

TEMA

S SE DIMENSIONEZE OCOLOAN DE RECTIFICARE CU

FUNCIONARE CONTINUAPENTRU SEPARAREA UNUI

AMESTEC BINAR DE ETANOL-AP

COORDONATORI:Prof.Dr.Ing. Lucian GAVRIL STUDENT:Asist.Ing. Andri SI!ION !anu"a G#ERG#EL

Gru$a: %&'% A


3/26

I. Cuprins

I. Cuprins.....................................................................................II. Introducere .......................................................................

III. Considra(ii tortic ..................................................................III.% Disti"ara si rctificara ...................................................................III.) Disti"ara si*$"+ sau difrn(ia"+ .......................................................III., Agn(i tr*ici uti"i-a(i "a disti"ar ...............................................

III.,.% A$a III.,.) A$a in industria a"coo"u"ui

III.,., Auru" III.,.' A"coo"u" ti"ic

IV. A"gra insta"atii d rctificar IV.% Sc/*a t/no"ogica

IV.) Sc/*a insta"atii d rctificar cu functionar continuaCa$.'. Princa"-itoru" '.% 0i"ant d *atria" '.) 0i"ant tr*ic '., Ta" d i"ant $ntru $rinca"-itor '.' Di*nsionara $rinca"-itoru"uiCa$.1. Di*nsionara insta"atii d rctificar 1.% 0i"ant d *atria" 1.) 0i"ant tr*ic

1., Ca"cu"u" 2it-i 2a$ori"or si a dia*tru"ui co"oani 1.,.% Ca"cu"u" 2it-i 2a$ori"or in co"oana d rctificar 1.' Ca"cu"u" /idrau"ic a" ta"r"or 1.1 Dtr*inara nu*aru"ui d ta"r tortic si a ina"ti*ii co"oani 1.3 Ca"cu"u" tr*ic a" insta"atii 1.4 Di*nsionara firatoru"ui din "a-a0i"iografiCa$.3.Pro"* $ri2ind o$ratii" d disti"ar5rctificar

II. Introducere


4/26


5/26

III.1 Distilarea si rectificarea

Prin disti"ar s 6n("g7 6n sns "arg7 tota"itata *oda"it+(i"or d s$arar aco*$onnt"or unui a*stc "ic/id o*ogn a-at $ difrn(a dintr t*$raturi" dfirr a" constituin(i"or7 t*$raturi c+rora " cors$und 8i $rsiuni d 2a$ori difrit. Lat*$ratura d firr a a*stcu"ui7 co*$onnt" *ai 2o"ati" 2or a2a $rsiuni d 2a$ori*ai *ari 8i7 dci s 2or g+si 6n fa-a d 2a$ori 6n concntra(ii *ai *ari dc.

III.2 Distilarea simpl sau diferenial

Disti"ara si*$"+ sau difrn(ia"+ st o o$ra(i discontinu+ car s ?cut+ fir


6/26

( )

a

x

x if

i

L

D

e

e

xxyx

dx

L

L

e

e

i

=

+

=

"n%

und:Li9 cantitata ini(ia"+ d a*stc 6n "a-7 *o"Lf9 cantitata fina"+ d a*stc r+*asa 6n "a-7 *o" 9 grad *o"ar d disti"arLa9 ditu" d a*stc7 cu co*$o-i(ia ?i7 *o"5s

( )

=

=

f

i

f

i

x

xii

x

xf

i

xy

dx

L

xy

dx

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"n

Ca-uri "i*ita: La&7 dci %5&La%7 dci &.

Prin r-o"2ara grafic+ a u"ti*i cua(ii s $oat o(in durata o$r+rii $ntru acstca-7 dac+ s cunoast ?i si ?f=concntra(ia ini(ia"+ 8i fina"+ a "ic/idu"ui din "a->.

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ff

ffia

fa

xy

xxxLxxL

LL

=

+

+=

&

&

Ditu" d disti"at7 *o"5s7 $ntru La% *o".

III.3 Ageni termici utilizai la distilare

III.$.%. A&!

Pro&ret" #(ce

- cu"oara7 datorit+ sustan("or di-o"2at sau af"at 6n star co"oida"a =o?i-ifrici7 co*$u8i ai *anganu"ui7 c"orofi"a din frun-7 aci-i ru*ici7 tc.>

- turitata7 datorit+ sus$nsii"or *inra" sau organic din a$+- t*$ratura7 d$ndnt+ d sursa d a$+ r-idua"+ 8i d anoti*$- conducti2itata "ctric+7 d$ndnt+ d natura 8i d concntra(ia ioni"or- radioacti2itata7 $ro$ritata a$i d a *it radia(ii $r*annt: 7F sau .


7/26

Pro&ret" c)*ce

- rac(i $#7 c $oat fi acid+ sau a-ic+- duritat7 datorit+ s+ruri"or d ca"ciu 8i *agn-iu af"at 6n so"u(i7 car $ot fi

carona(i7 c"oruri7 su"fa(i7 nitra(i7 fosfa(i sau si"ica(i.Duritata $oat fi:%. temporar7 dtr*inat+ d carona(i7 car dis$ar $rin firr).permanent7 dtr*inat+ d c""a"t s+ruri d ca"ciu 8i *agn-iu7 car dis$ar $rin

firr,. total7 car st su*a durit+(i"or t*$orar 8i $rnannt.9 con(inutu" d sustan( organic7 a$rciat $rin cantitata d $r*anganat d

$otasiu ncsara o?id+rii tota"- con(inutu" d o?ign di-o"2at- con(inutu" d fir su for*+ d co*$u8i7 *ai frc2nt 6n a$" sutran- con(inutu" d *angan7 ca "*nt 6nso(itor a" firu"ui7 6n a$" sutran

- con(inutu" d ca"ciu su for*+ d icarona(i sau c"oruri7 dtr*in


8/26

C!r!cterstc ter*o#(ce

A$a 8i 2a$orii d a$+ =auru"> sunt uti"i-a(i 6n industria a"i*ntar+ ca agn(itr*ici d 6nc8"-ir7 r+cir7 2a$ori-ar7 condnsar. At


9/26

Rac(ia d /idro"i-+ s $roduc su ac(iuna uni n-i*7 a*i"a-a sau diasta-a7 car sg+s8t 6n ou" d or- 6nco"(it.

Produsu" fr*nta(ii7 un "ic/id cu %)9%B a"coo" s su$un disti"+rii. S o(ina"coo"u" rut7 a c+ri concntra(i d$ind d ficacitata a$arat"or 6ntruin(at: a$arat cudf"g*atoar7 dau d "a $ri*a disti"ar7 un a"coo" d @'9@1 car $oat sr2i ca atar $ntru

un" sco$uri. Pntru a"t" trui rdisti"at7 6n so$u" d a 6nd$arta toat $rodus"scundar.;n afar+ d *toda io"ogica7 tano"u" $oat fi o(inut 8i $rin *tod c/i*ic: una

dintr " $orn8t d "a tn+7 iar a"ta const+ 6n /idrognara cata"itic+ a actoa"d/idi7 "ar


10/26

Schema instalatiei de rectificare cu functionare continua

1 pompa; 8 racitor;

2 rezervor alimentare; 9 vas de control;3 coloana rectificare; 10 rezervor distilat;4 recuperator caldura; 11 rezervor reziduu; preincalzitor; C zona de concentrare;! "laz; # zona de epuizare.$ condensator suprafata;


11/26

S+ s di*nsion- o co"oana d rctificar cu func(ionar continu+ cu ta"r $ntrus$arara a 1& "5*in a*stc inar a"coo" ti"ic 9 a$+. Con(inutu" ini(ia" d a"coo" 6n "a-+ std %% *asa7 iar 6n disti"at 2a a2a o concntra(i d B1 *asa.

D*enson!re! co-o!ne

Bilanul de mas

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=

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xx

xxm 3 Jg5s

;n car:9 *K7 *D7 *M dit d *as+ sau *o"ar $ntru *atria $ri*+7 disti"at 8i r-iduu7

Jg5s

9 ?K7 ?D7 ?M con(inutu" d co*$onnt 2o"ati" 6n *atri $ri*+7 disti"at 8i r-iduufractii *o"ar sau d *asa

Bilault termic

A /AQQ K #K D #D M #M R A /AQR V "D =D L> "D

A =D L> A

D

l

l

a =D L> >= iem

D

ttC

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=

FF

FD

xy

yx %7' J*o"i5J*o"

S considr+ cifra d rf"u? a ,L '7) J*o"i5J*o"nL &%1)7' = DnL &7&31 J*o"i5s


12/26

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Linii" d o$rar

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Di*nsionara co"oani

1 Diametrul coloanei


13/26

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14/26

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))

%

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)

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D &7,4@ * ,4@ **

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)

B337&'@&37&

tmtm

" CC

e =

=

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Sa &7&)1 *)

,)

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441

=B%7@)&&)7&%3%%'7&>%=)%&'7%% ==

*&a+# ,

l

l

V" &7&&&', *,5s

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15/26

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/d %)=ddL >&733 @ ** &7&&@ *

% %7&') )7B'

337&337& >=>=4137&a

#)

,l

,fa

= &7&&&%, **

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lp 441 @7B% =&7&)1 &7&&@ &7&&&&&&%, &7&&'> )BB7@ Pa

,u wp )

)

%= %337' Pa

1

C+dra tota"+ d $rsiun $ un ta"rult ppp += '117, Pa

C+dra d $rsiun $ co"oan+np. tt = '11, Pa

mmA

L) B7&)%@

)

=

=

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16/26

9 9 coficint d r-istn(+ a" c"o$otu"ui9 /- 6n+"(i*a d2rsoru"ui7 **9 "d "+(i*a r"ati2+ a d2rsoru"ui7 **

D*enson!re! -!(e

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medtA/0 = medt/

0A

=

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)%

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%

++

=

p

p

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ec)i,d

1u %%%

=

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%

37&

%% >=>=Pr>=Rp

C1u

=

37&>=%37% ec)i,dC = %7%3 =&7&,,>&73 &7%1

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )mmm

dnD

dnDd

exti

extiec)i, ,,&,,7&

&)@7&4%,&17&

&)@7&4%,&17& ))))

==+

=

+

=

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ec)i,eW d,

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,37%3%@&,,7&

347&4374@% =

= M5*)

int

))

)d

1u

=


17/26

)%7%B14'%&)137&

&)17&)7&@1%R

,) =

=

=

A

iiA d,

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&&&.%&R

'7&B7&'7&

)

B7&

))

)

====

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1u

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4

3

) =

==

A

A

a

447%@33&)17&

3B17&4B74%) =

= M5*)

)B7B&3

447%@33

%

17%4

&&)7&

,37%3%@

%

%=

++=/

M5*)

,17,,317@3%%& == medt

),'7&,17%,)B7B&3

%7,3%@mA =

=

ld

An

med=

mmmnd

Al

med

3&&37&4&)47&%'7,

,'7&==

=

=

&)17&%'7,

&%7&''

int

)

=

=

d

An+

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)

) &%7&

)7&441

3)7%m

,

mA

iA

A =

=

=

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n+ =% 4 trcri

D*enson!re! &re,nc-(toru-u

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2 &7, *5s * % /?agon n ' t2i $ %7)1 d?t ,& ** d?t )' **

D ) =* $ > %&B **


18/26

FpFFA*pA*A* tCmtCm =

-/&tC

tCmm

A*pA*

FpFF

A* 5BB7),)&'),&

B74&')@)3173=

=

=

medtA/0 = medt/0

A =-2w-WtCm0 FpFF 5437)&)&5''7)&)&41@,174,')4BB,7B ====

)%

%%

%

++

=

p

p

/

extd

1u %%%

=

%'7&,,7&

%

37&

%% >=>=Pr>=R

p

C1u

=

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dnDd

exti

extiec)i, '3&'37&

&)'7&'%&B7&

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=+

=

+

=

37&>=%37%ec)i,

dC = %7%3 =&7&'3>&73 &7%B

B'71%)3'%&)137&

&'37&,7&@1%R

,% =

=

=

A*

exteA* d,

37%%&3@7%

%&)3B7&Pr

4

3

% ===

A*

A*

a

&,7%,4@B7&%37%4%733@%B7&@B7&>37%=>B'71%)3'=%B7& ,,7&37&% ===1u

117)&'&&'37&

3B17&&,7%,4% =

= M5*)

int

))

)d

1u

=

117)BB'%&3347&

&)7&%7&@3)R

,) =

=

=

F

iiF d,

),&& ^ R) ^ 4&&& ',7&

)

@7&

)) >=Pr>=R&&B7& =1u

B7)&),B7%,&&&&B7&>%71=>117)BB'=&&B7& ',7&@7&

) ===1u

Pr) 17%

%373&)&)7&

14@7&B7)&) =

= M5*)


19/26

'@7''%

%373&)

%

17%4

&&)7&

117)&'&

%

%=

++=/

M5*)

%17,B,B7)

B7@&

)7@%&&"n

)7@%&&

"n)

%

)% ==

=

+=

t

t

tttmed

Ct

Ct

&)

&

%

)7@

%&&

=

=

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=A *)

ld

An

med=

mmmnd

Al

med

)1&)17&4&))7&%'7,

%)7&==

=

=

'&)7&%'7,

&47&''

int

) =

=

=

d

An+

t2i

&47&%7&@3)

3173) =

=

=

iF

F

,

mA

*)

+n

n+ =% % trcr

D*enson!re! condens!toru-u

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medtA/0 = medt/

0A

=

] *V "D ,7,B %&4) ,3),7,3 JM5s


20/26

)%

%%

%

++

=

p

p

/

ext

d

1u %%%

=

%'7&,,7&

%

37&

%% >=>=Pr>=Rp

C1u

=

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )mmm

dnD

dnDd

exti

extiec)i, ,@&,@7&

&)@7&3%,&17&

&)@7&3%,&17& ))))

=+

=

+

=

37&>=%37% ec)i,dC = %7%3 =&7&,@>&73 &7%4

',7%1@&@%&4,%7&

&,@7&,7&@@'R,% =

== a

extea d,

@7'%&1%7%

%&4'7&Pr

4

3

% =

==

a

a

a

BB7@)@B7&3B7%BB7,,%%47&@B7&>@7'=>',7%1@&@=%47& ,,7&37&% ===1u

4@7%'4%&,@7&

3%B7&BB7@)% =

= M5*)

int

))

)d

1u =

%B7)BB,%&34)7&

&)17&%7&441R

,) =

=

=

D

iiD d,

),&&^R)^4&&& ( ) ( ) ',7&

)

@7&

)) PrR&&B7& =1u

( ) ( ) '@7)B4'7)B)7%)@@&&B7&17%&%B7)BB,&&B7& ',7&@7&) ===1u

Pr) %&71

1B7,'4&)17&

,&17&'@7)B) =

= M5*)

')7)4)

1B7,'4

%

17%4

&&)7&

4@7%'4%

%

%=

++=/

M5*)


21/26

@17',)

)1'1@174B =

+= medt

,7&@17',')7)4)

,37,3),=

=A *)

ldAnmed

=

mmmnd

Almed

1%&1%7&3&)47&%'7,

,7& ====

'&)17&%'7,

&',7&''

int

) =

=

=

d

An+

t2i

&',7&%7&441

,B7,) =

=

=

iD

#

,

mA

*)

+n

n+ =% , trcri

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25/26

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26/26

PRENCLZITOR

DISTILARE

*3731*,5s

-/&mF 53173=

-/&mD 531.&=-/&mW 53=

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Operatii Si Aparate in Industria Alimentara