Opening Doors Protecting Filipino Child Workers

8/15/2019 Opening Doors Protecting Filipino Child Workers

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OPENINGDOORS:A Presentatlon of L&traProtectlng Flllplno Chlld Workers

Thlrd Fdltlon

Int.tutidd r.lbu oraurrdor -Iltcdtior.l PFFE 6 tf,.ElEl!.dor of Cltld L.b.u6d tloor, Neda sa Ma).at' Eldg106 Ahdl$lo St , kgaspi vinagcMakati City, 1209 Philtppin.s

in boperdtian wirhAt n.. Bme Rlabi. C.nt r-arlhlt ir Pan { l(.nFt it LDrrtG/F Aten€o tofGsiodal Sch@l8,Rockwell rivc,[email protected], 1200Philippin.e

@).


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II|TERITATIOI{AL PROCRAMIIEOlI TEE ELIXITTAIIOIf OF CEILD I.IIBOR ITPECIIPEC'SOBJECTI!'ES

Th€ in of IPEC s lh. prcgBivc climiDtionof .Nld laborbysRnelh€nins h. c.pobiliryof @@rri* lo dal wirhl!. pmbl.med byprcmotilBa wrldwide ndemdnt ro conbalchild abor.Child laborh a !as! cohplex,nuld-frceredph€nodenon.n drelons em- it @ bc elv€d only ioh wilhjn thcdurrics liEmelv6. Thatis$ny |LOIPECatri6 to:

. supFortMlionaleJTotuo conbarchild 6bordd to buildup apemmentcapaciryo tackl. e probleniand!. gile pnoniy b the eEdistio. of lh. most h,zrdous olde\ploikrive IF ofchild laborPovenys themin caus.. utnot heonlycaue,ofchild abor.\t&r Foor oci.riesonor olo e n,qhih n nouishesn orhcs Childhhor e\Gt .ls becaN of umwenN. tolcranc.d irdiFeFn@i his

THE PHILIPPIN'CIJILDLABOURPROGRAMr\DTHEILOTne Co!.mcnt of tlE Philippifts signcda Menotudum oflrnde6land,ng MO!D Nnh fic ILO in Junc 1994. Following theecomhendationsf a NationalPlming Workshop, IndicariveFrame*orkof PhilippineLOActior esiablknedriorjiydect goupsl

. chiftlrc. rcrting mderforcedabotcondnionsmd victiN ofhficking andbondedabor:Md,


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t childEni. h.adoB mrlirg @ndirioB !d @!Frion! innidrynd quaryin8, n ho@-bsd m q dleidly u&rsubonr.acfirg .fua.trot3, i! Oc nrqo*r irdury, in&.p-s divirg, in dotustic 5dicc, in vcgctblc &d lugrp.odu.tio.,6d lhc childcn E pp.di! pro.dadd.Wi6in l!8. gol+r rulilg airl5rtto d FnidJrly wla6bt.ro .rploirdion !d .he, e ! rei.l f@c of fi6ri6.

IPEC'S STMTEGYThe $dting poinr for idplcDqnring ILO.IPEC\ strat.O/ inllnicip6tilg co6rii.3 is rhc will ud @@itncni of individldgovemcnt3 b .ddB cbild hlor io cooFntion .nd 6Guloti@ withmploy.6 dgEiz iod, cdt6' dgeiaioE, NGo3 ed cl.vanF!n6 in sicrr, ch 6 ui6iri.s ad tn. r!.dir n y & .id.d b

.do n*.!llA *nidr lin !r:wih&aqins ctnldrd fion Aploit{iv. &d h,AdoN sotk&d plovidingdlimtivci dd.imprcvfg workmg cond,totu a o ruirionll mceu.tow&lk ihc clinin tion ofchild hbor.IPEC ha i4Fnd Firrd oArni"jlioB i! wiN inirixiEiavolvilg diEr gniG. !ffi-nilii8 rd dva*t, bw .rd poticyEfod, qFbility-hoildiig duo)gnE inirg ud !.ri@di. .d l!..dn.


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IPf,C'SPARTNERSIn dr PhilippiM, rhc D.p{.rd.trr ol L.bor dd Enptotb.!(leads h€ national hild labot pree@, Orh€. ex{utivc dep6nd€nt3@equally nvolvcd. ncluding he Depannent f Educalioi,Culrw a.dSpons, lhe Depannent of Socirl Wclf@ dd Developdml, thcDep.them of ,uslice and rhe Dcp.ndmr of ld€rior dd l@lCovsMdt. Child labor commine.s de etiv. ar lne regional mdlfolincial lelels in closecoordinalionwilh localColelmehrs,ILO s fip.nitc paiftn, rf,. .Eploy6 !d ln. r.rL.n,org.nlzltions. he\e r"o become mponst IPECpd1c6 rn rdhineawttcncss notrgmenb4 andcbildqorkeB, n lobbyingor policy- dproghn-Efom dd in nonibnng childEn s vo*ing ondilions. TIEEnploy€d Confederation f the Philippincs, he Tlade UnionCongEssofthc Philippines nd rhe cdcdion of FrceWoike6 ee implemenringchild abor rcBmms. rhcPhilippinee.Non-gov..trnenr.l otganiz.tiolr o{COt d€ moiS the m@letreclile pannes in the corpaig. againstchild labor. IPEC h6 work€d$ith the Kdalaym Developne.l Cefler, vietd FoM, Philippirccehld for Invesrigatire Joumalis. aid STOP Tdmcking of Pilipinos,Inc.and heAtenco umanRigh$Centd, nongothes.


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Copyrighr ntcmational r.bour Orgr'etion 2002

Publi€tion5 or ihe lnterurioel kbour offic .njoy CoFynght undarFlot col 2 of the Univd*l CopyrighiConveniion N4.dh.lc5s, the shofrbc €produced withou! aurhori:lrion, on theco.dition lhal rhe For ridis of !.produclon orh$lason. aDDhcanon hould b. nadc !o !h. Publicabons Brmch{Ri$G and Frmj$iosl, rnr.m Labou orba wlM6 suchLibrai.., intiturims ad orh.r u..B rstuteEd in th. Unn d riingdonsth rhc coprrisht Licen.jng \g.nct, 90 Tolt.nhM coud Road,Londonwr, 4LP Fd (+44) 0)20763r ssoo: .na ; c!E@Ere!:!41,n thc unit€dsbt . with the copynshi cl.aranc. cenbr, 222 R$.wood Driv€,DMrcB, M 01e23Fd: l+ll (973) so aa70;dair [email protected] R.lr.dncbon RSbt! orserations,nay oa*. DholNpid in @rdrnc. sith 1}'.lid@! isu.d b th@ fdr

Opening Doo6, A Pre*ntation of k*s Piotecting Filipino Ch d workeEMakd! Ci$,Intmalonal L.bour Otnc.,2002

Th. d.sisnatid .nplored in lo publiaiions, Nlrjch 4 in conromitywirh thc Unled Nabon. p€ctic., dd 1}). pEeniatior of $. raienalthcrcin do nol inpry th. dpr63irn of anj opi.ion ehailer on the pafrof rh. Inr.msrionar Labour ofr. on(minc .h. Lg8r 36tw of myauthori t i3 'dconcminerh.


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Th. rcsponsjbility for opinions dp!.sFd m rh. rlgned adicl.., gtudiesol.ly -it! rhcir rulhors, dd plblicationth. oDinion. sEt-d in !h.n.R.fcEnc. t nh.. of fins ad comneriar prcducb ad pbc.s€sder not inply !h.t cndonem.nt by thc ht.mational tab.ur Ofiic., andIailur. to m.niion . laniculd rirm, combdcial pDduct o. p.d.. is noill,O publicrrions cs b. obirin d lhoD8n mjo. book*n€c or II,o lo.alomc.c in nany counti$, or didt frcn I1o publications. hi.h.rion lLabolr ofiice, cH-12-11 cens! 22 svieerland A cabloslc or ligt ofnry publicaiion. wiu b. kni fr.


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Copyright2002


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compiled, cdited dd published byAdttt b Pc .a r.np.t rg P.dbrtq -Aterco flu4! Rlghtt Ccnt r

Any. Ana Joet F. Su4aAttr, Trida clffi A. O@

Atty. Se.l&ey M. CddeldiaAtty. Alcli Domi4o

|oth tle flPPort oflltcllrtloa.l L.bout Otg.lttrtio! -rltcttr.ttold FrognD o! tbc Eltolnatlo! of ChId l bot


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It facc to th. 2002 Eilltio!With the cu.rent developments f child labor policies n thePhilippjneswc found h necessaryo publish th€ thjrd editionof this book Particularlysignificant s the ratiiication by thePhilippines oi ILO Convention No.182 where $e countrybinds itsclf to take immediate and ellective measures tosecure the p.obibition and €liminationof the worst foms otchild labor. We have dlso included in this editior natronarlaws, departmcnt ordm dd circulars recently i$ued bydifierentsovc.nmentagencies dd.cssing he issueson childLabor n the light ofthe provisionsoflLO ConventionNo. 182dd felated nternational nstruments dealingwith the worstlorms. lt is with hope that tbis book would provide anupdated and comprehensivecompilation oi internationalinstrum€nts and laws and rheir implcmenting rules andregularions related to the .ighis and spccial protection oi

AcrnowlcdgE.!t.I wish to thank AiV. Ana Janet F. Sunga for her invaluableassistanceand support while this book was beingupdated;Atty. Rea Chiongson or the iftporia.t input she provided;Miss claire clementir for her administrative help dd forprcofreadiDg the linal draft oI ur text; Atty RoselleTenefr@cia, or the layout ol this edition dd Atry. RonaldoRomeyGutierrcz or ine designotthe cover lluskanon.

Atry TriciaClare A. OcoChild Labaur PragramCoordinatorAKAP-Ateneo umanRbhrs Centet


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P'6fF. to th. ta.llsd E.litio! 1199?l

Sincc the 6Et publication of this book in 1996, thercwer signincdt las, d.panment ord€rs, circul$, andrules and rcgulations hat w€re issued which impeuedus tomal.e revisions.Among thc n.w laws that *ere included inthis edition is Republic Act No. a369 or thc 'Family Court6Act of 1997." ordinanc.s issued by difie.ent localCoremmcntunits, dd ncw dcpdtment ordcrs dd circul4sduring the intcFal wre incorporated 6 well.Furthcmore. thc d.mand for more coDiesof tne fi.steditionencouragcd s to reprint this book and develop!furtherboth n form dd conteni..

ln this regdd, I w'sh to lecoSniz the invaluablecontribuiion ot Atty. Ana Jdet Sunga for hcr untindg effortin producing the li.st edition and helping us in updating ii.The generousassistdce of GeneroseMisldg md A't@daAbrera in lay-outing and cditing this rcviscd edition islikewiseacknowledged.

AtV. [.. ALU R. DodtryoCoor4inator,AK4,P-te@Humdn RightsCenter


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acal{owlEDc!tENt8'the aulhor gratetully acknowledg€s the Iolloeing:The gencrcus support of ILO-IPEC;Atty. Maria Paz Ant lcs, Racqucl Constdtino, EthelM.rcado, Racqu.l Ros and Mlra Ann Salvador for theniDvaluableassistancen doing the re*arch for this project;UOIPEC Philippir.s, Depatmenr of t€bor andDdplo)ment, In5titute for Lebor Studie (DOLE ILS), DOLEChild labo. Project Managcment 'team, STOP Trafli.king ofPilipinosFoundation, nc,, ed'Irade Union Congre$ of thePhilippiD€s for shanng thcir research haterials on clnd

Ma. Alc.stis Abrera-Meganas for her assistance and

Ronaldo Romcy Gutic.r€z for tlE cover illusbation;

The 6taff and friends of the Atcneo UInAn Rights

Atty. Air J.nct F. Aulgr(r996)


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ITORIC'ORDChnd kbd is 6 phcnommon thor d3ts dftDghour thc

world In th. Philippne


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TABLE OF CONTEI{T{I

T EIt Ot @|lrEn8

59

PAATOTE- I'IfDERAN.NIDIiO CBITDI.ABOiI DE nirTror ol cllll.D L rtr, CIIILDLIBOR ATIOAfIOXIlI, fiIA RtAAOt|aW|lv Cxtl,Dtlta rroRa ,tv, tfR^ttclta I{ aDDRta€tio CHILD ̂ toR ..

P Rt tro-tBl !ro^t PRotlcttor ot. csr,D rroRarRa

lllRoDvcnot1 olnERltPoucYcollalDtR^rtona ...,. 27

INIERNATIONALNSTRUMENTS1 rntcmationrl cowrur onEoronic, Saial Ard CulluralF.Ahb (An. rot . . . . . . . . . . - . . - . . . . .2. CoiEnti6 otr Th. RiEhr.OfTh. Child0|n.32 & 341. . . . . . . . . . .

l- Pbiippin Con.tilution . . . . . . . . ....2. Child ud Youlb W.lfa!. Cod. {P.D.6031 .


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||INIfiIJI! ACE OF EIIPLOYMEtrT- DXCDPnOIS/DI'aIES OF ElrPr,OvERII{TERNATIONALCONVENTIONS

ConMno Fixi^g fheMinimu Aqe For AdmsstaaOfchadre^To l^dustialDnpLa!renr (Revi.ed I 937)2. Irc convcntion o.133 ,,,,Minimlm AgE Conuentinn,1973 CanLentian Co emingMi^i.wtu Age For AdmissionTa E1'pLa!tuttt3. Rc.oDnendation No 146R@@nldtioncMinsif,aitud ase For admi*iq ToE np@Fe t

l. Mininud fu.r Piincipti PoucYAn A.1 Ptuhibiti^g TeEnplosment OJ ChiL&enBelau 15 Yed6 OI AgeIn Public And PrioateU^rlendkhPs, Are dhgFo.? 6 tu?ose sedi.'412, Ariicle wn O! R.A. 7610

3

lh. tsbo. codc . . .5. Mirimun Ag.:T h. child AndYouri w.lfaF Cod. , . . . , . , .P.D, 603, Tltle w, chapte.ll6. Mininuh AB.:Opinion rthesecrclary

NI. WORETFORiiA OI CHI'D I,/IEOR. .,

Th. Labdcod. . . . . . . . . . .Book@,Rule)Q,sedi.32.3 D.p.tudt ordd No- .....Iloatdous Wo'l( AnAAdivities fo P6rcBelou le Ywsof lse2,4 Occutationdl SafetyAndH.dthStanddds. . . . . . . . . .RuLe1AB, HtuNdaus

Mhihun Ag.: Mod.lingncomm.rcialo/AdEtisd.dtsPronotin8 AlcoholicB*erase8,Tobl*o,Violcne, tc . , . , . , .R,A. 76lq Ser?im 14Mininum&.r AppEnrie3. .. .L l kbor codc, Tid. n, ch,pd | . .4.2 ondibus RulB Inpl.bnr'ra

A, INIERNANO AL COI{IENTIOXSCd@ntim Conminq TheP'ohibitio^ A^d lwaiare A.lio^Forne Aimination ofthe WorelFotus oJChib LabourLl I IO R.connendat iono.19o. . . . . . . .Raammeaddtion CbnemingThe hahibitian And lmmediare A.lian

1.2 bb.r c.d. (ad. 139) . . . . . . . .I 3 o.DibN Rul.. [email protected]. bbor cod.B6ok , tule XE, Se.tion22. MinimunAe.:HeardousWort .. .2.1 kbor cod. Ad.139) . .2.2 OnnibusRul.s mpl.n.nlins


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FotTh. Elimnt@fi. OJThE w6rForcof Chld tzbour2. Option.l Pro@d to rh. Cdwn.jotr on .h.Riahb ofthc child on th. InslEn.nt ofChildEn in ]lm.d Connict . . . . . . . . . - . - . . . aa

lv. rlls rrD Go'Dlflora o! trrptltNtt 175A. IIITERXANONAL CONVE|ITIONS

r. ILO Conrcnrton No. 77 . .3. Optlonal Prclo.ol to lh. Conrcnlion on th.Rlghh ot th. child on th. sal. ot childm,Chlld P:'o.!itutio. .nd Chlld Pbmognphy . . .4, ft.locol roPp.ni SuppEtt rnd hrni3hftarrckiq in ftrbn4 E F.cially wom.n.nd CbildEn, Suppl.o.nrinA !h.Unl&d Natton. Conv.ntion .8.ircllrernatio.al O.lsizcd C.ih.S. Conv.nrio. on th. SuppE$,m ofTiafr inttrsr md 6l rh. Erprribt n or th.ho.tirution of Oth6 , .. . .. ..

l. WoFt Fom: All Fod. ot SlavcryorP!&t icca. . , . .L lSlavcryr . . . . . .1.2 Forccd or Cohpul.ory labor . .1.3D.btBondagc. , , . , , . , . . , . . . . .1.4 Sal. ol Childrcn dd Tr€fickjngin Chi ldr .n . , , . . , . . . . . . . . .I s Chiklrc! in Amcd Connict . . - . .2 Worst Fom: Child Pro.ritqtron ddOth.r S.nal Abu*. . .3, wor. l Fom: chi ld Pomog.aphy.- . . . . . .4. wo.6t Fom: Prcduction 6d TranickinsolDruAs. . . . .s Orh.r Wo.sl Fods , .

139I39139

t62168

t72

Co w tiaaco@f,i^gfh. Night wo* OJ You^gP.BaB Enploled I^I^4usn! Eetised 194A)

1. No'Ddin,d im .. . . .2. Ebplolv'. R.ponorid tnrt l3. Hour or work, Nidt Worl ddPhy.iel E aniDatior of Child!.n4. chi ldr.n Bclow SY.aB.. . . . .ANNEXES O R A. 7654

Co @^tio^Co emingMe.ti@lExa i^ation ForFnMEs ForEnplo!rc^tIn l^.lustry OJChiAre^2. ILOConv.nt lono.90 . . .

Mrnor'rworkPcmnCL'DOLE orh No -childEn n rh. M@i.,TcLvitis, RrdioAndEnr.nainm.nrndudry. . . . . . . .ch'ldr.r in Appcnri.. work. . . . . . . . .6l LaborCod.6 2 onn'bu3 Rul6 lhpl.o.ntina

/., r n'trtr"i lr"l.N rrr,l.D.nnnR


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r/utl oa @tttllLTh. L.!.r c.d. , ,,,.. -7.3 Th. tld Civil Cod. . . . . ,.& Chi|dd h Hoamt, . . - - . . -9. childF ln Sub-o'.cn4 mdLbdly conts cdna. . . . . . . . . . . . -9.1,D,o No. a-02

A4 Ad To H.lp I'6. elt lhsdhgsnd.n'l Aree TtEi &|!dtionBs b@mgi^g rn ir hnplo!,rchiae ,rMer A^.1/O/ Ctti.ttt@va@tb^s, f hrcu7h lrc.nritAoantcd, Ta EmplogeB2. ImpLno{.g Rul.!ofR.A.7323. . . . . -lo. Wofk r. in o.t.r.l ,

219

225

239O.1 Worki4 B.u!. dd R..i Pcnod. 26r10,2W.a. . . . , , , . - . . . . . , .10.2.1 borCod.- . . . , . . . .10.2.2 3LMdrh lby. . . . .10.3 [email protected]@.1s.Gty rd H.alrn .10.3.1 rtDr Co


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TAttE Ot @taTtllL t/\Bll oa @tatlrtla. Prc@uL for violrtion ot R 5, cih.' Alaind Libcrq tuld seu.ity .- - - 295D. IIHU AiEtREATMEI{T Îr.26? Ki.lâ[Pdg at I Saio6L Su. for Dstrsd Unrtr rlE Civn C.d. . . . . . 242 lllegal Me tib2. Su. forvioht'on orth. Rdi&d P.ml cod., ,Jr.26a. slbhr llegalDd. tidR.A.76rO,$dO.hd Crimiml Lrw.,,,,. 2a3 An.27O.Kidâppiag .l Faiht€loR?Ilr o MiM

F. CRfMESACAfNSTCHtLDREtfUNDERTHE l'1271 !^ttuc,hgataMbAb@rtdrRE1/IAED ENA! CODE,A3 AMETIDED ,fB l]fuL OlloE. Again.. [email protected] And M 272 gaMVM. 273. Aq.r',oitItion of ChiLl Lat rAtt.2oo. Or4@ Se dat Art 2i4. 5ni6 Renkred U4detrnr,2or. Im@Bl Doctritus, ObBere Cotuputsioni^p*gB tPtblietioB dnd E hi&iore, olDebtsana tâed shnw |f1.276. AbaÂoni,g A M^qr,Er.2u2. Vagtuts and P'ostttlEs tnr_2n. Ab.nitoningof nitur Bg tb&tr2 Phy.iir rnjund 2& Eitua.n rwh Ha alttdv:,st- 262. lttutildtio tuilI@oJPME

^rr. 263. Senids PhVsi€l t4'ud.! M 2Ta Exrlo4anon oI^liôB!t. 265. ,€ss Seri@s Plgli@l 6 ThE!$ A.d co.rcionr . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. 299rnfurt$ ,nr' 2a2 [email protected]. Slign Physbal Iniun s And M,233, LightThrcdt3Nalteatre r kL 265. Orrw tjgh, rh,.ors3. ! r .p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A, ' .2&. oa€ cerim.. Crih€ Aaaid chrniv . , . . . . . . . . . . - - . . 2e3 M.2A1. t&tttqffiidAn. 336. AzLsoI l8.iuitu''A ln. 2sa. O?hd at,ita, C..dio6An. 337. Otdltf.d S.,ludion ?. swindti.! A.d Orh- Dcai.^d.333. .shPLs.dudim M.3r1. &i^dtuts A [email protected] ra.rs o/IcdaiM@. @ih ^n. 3ra. Ots.D@asfhe a@r oJ rh.ollennedPanrArt.34o. cotupno otr/r-r G uaBturlFs IND RasPot{sArt 34t. ttltuE StoE ltaaL l ' child snd Youthw'lfat' cod' PD 603 302Atr.342. Forcib. abdtcnon 2 Frhilvcd'"^d. 343. coBenl.d ADdu.tion


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H. CHILD BUSE, XILOITATIONANDDISCRIMINATIONA^ Ad Pbvidhg For Stron4qDaew And Spdjal hotedioAg.itst CNLl Abte, Exdoirotio4Ann Dkoimin libtL Ptuoi.IitgPfukies Far ks LlaLtioL And Fordhcr hlryoes (R,A. 7610) . . . . .I. CHILD MFFICICNG. . . . . . . . . . . , , ,

Da getus Dngs Iau lR.A.6425) , , , , , .ORDINANCESNCHILD ABOR NDCHILDPROS.IITUTION..... . .I S.P. R.iludm r92 96 {Butla Ct )2 R.slutjon No a 8.gto. \4lll3. Ordtnsc No. 06 (Hini8.fu, N.& Occ-)4. S.P. Ord. No. 1025 94 (Burla City)6, Ordjnanc. No 2o1 0rpD-lapu Cityl7, Ordilrmce No. 7749 (Manila Ci!y)3. Ordimnce No.7791(ManilaClry)9. Ordimn e No.e2-012 zmb.,nsr city)10. MMC ordlnd.. No. 33 04 (M.tE Mdil,a)I.IABILITIES F HOTEL/MOIEL OWNERS

l Dcp€tucnt olTou;m A.O.No.95-17....2. auEau olToui3n S*dicca Circulai No. ll

PART fEi'E ,ENI\oRCEXIXI

I. DETECflOT TTD RINORflTIO

x

A. S?ECIA! AGENCIESAND COMMTTTEFS1. L4a1 CouncilForThcPr6t ct ionof chi ldtn . . . . . . . . . .

3. Child Labor Prcj.ct Manasenent4. Agdci.r'lo In!4tisatc sd Tonrs5. "sogip Batang Maasgosal .r:lnr..4.ncy Qtick ^ction T€mon Hmdlina Of Erploioliw/Herdow Child L:tor Ca*s . . . .6. D.patu.n! of Juiice -?. Nati.nal Bur.au of hv.stigarion -vAwcD., , , , . . .3. cohnslio. on Hulrrm Fqghh -cl ' i ld tugbt .C.nrcr, . . . . .. .

u. rxroR[firolr wRlttcat|onAND INVESI]OA'NON .

A. V ISITORIAI, ND NSPNCTIO N],.hot I\ 1, At1 t2tl

365


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C. INN/ESIICATIONY TIIE DEPARTMENTOF SOCIALWELFARE ND DEVELOPMENTllI, Rb'NOVA! AND RESCUE

ARREST, EARCH NDSEIZURE

2. Requi3it s For a valid S.arch wananiAnd/Orwaraniorar* i . . . . . . . . . . .3. Wh.n Wsan! lsNorNe.ded. . . . . . . ..

3. I La*ful Atr.st Withori wa'flt . .3.2 rawful s.arch sd serurcWithoutardt . . . . . . . . .

HD CUSTODY FDEPENDENT, BAND ONED, ECLECTEDP,D.643, At ls . 141 164. . . . . . . . . . . .E, SUSPENSION/TERMINATIONFFamils ode, r ts , 3G232.. , . , . , .

RECOVERY O!. WAGE6 AI{D OTIIER 'IONE"ITRYA. PERIODWNHIN HICHTO ILE ... . . . . . .B. WHERE TO FILE / JURISDICTIONr DOLER*ional DiEcto!

. PPOCEDURTS --H DOLERJ '

335

B ASSEMBLYOF RESCUE EAMc RESCUE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ru. CUSMDY/REII^Btr.IT^TION

B RUTES ND RECULATION IN THEIIWESTICA'IION AND REPOR1INCOFcHu-D AEUSECASES, ECTTONS9-r5c Eo No.s6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Authoi tts lhe Minstu af s6iatSeruicesAtd Deuelopmdt fo Taketuectiw Ctstad! oI chitdPrasntutes An l Setua ! ExpbnedChildlen, And For Other Purpases

E. AMICABLEETTLEMENT/COMPROMISESvl, aDrafiIatRltrl'E slxcuona


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vr. cRrxr|{& PRoaecuflor

PROCEDURESN PREUMINARYTWESNCATIONBEFORE'THETSCAI/PROSECUIOR

JURISDICIIONOVERCRIMJNA!CASESl. rq|.ruryang Psmbl ary .2. FaEily oun . . . . . . , , . , ,B. WHO MAY FII-E C\OMPI,IINT

L CriE ! Under R.A. 76102. Crimd Under th. R.vit.d

P.mtCod. . . . . . . . , , , . , , , . . . . . . 415WHERE o FILE COMPIAIMSl, Off.n*8 Subje! to lh.rqhngang Ptmbdeg.y

5, JUDGMENt. . . . . . . . . . .6. MOIION FORRECONSIDERrTIONNEWTRIAL/APPEAL

2, Oficnc Undd th. Jurildktiotrofrh. RrctrFaoity coun!. . . . . . . . - .. . 4162.1. ConprDni&Ag@Mt.. . . -. . . . . . . 416O. PROCEDUREN K{T'RUNOANCPAMBARANGAY.. '17E. AUMMARY ROCEDURESN THE FAMIIYCOURTS. . 4T9

O. ORDINARYROCEDTJRE Rrc OR FAIIIIY COURTSr. aRRDSTOFACCUSED.. , . . . . - - - - - - - - . 423t . BI IL ___._._._. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._. . . / |233. ARRAIGXMENTXD PLEA4, TRIAL . . . . . . . . . ,. , , , , ,4.1R,4,7610,Scction. 9.304.2 AdEintuhriv. Circular No 23 95 . . . 4254.3 Rule on Emination ol Child witn.ss . 426


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PART ONEUNDERSTANDINGCHILD LABOR

"Thqe is qe drs that a Filipitus share: thar ourchildre^ ^dy la@ a bener lik tha w ha€ lud - . .rhele is o^€ uGion trat is dstinalv Filipino: the visionta make this @ntry, our @untrv, e ^4tion lo, aur

I. DEIIIIITTOII OF CIIILD IIIBORBefor€ one ce sen b.ginits defnition shoud rirst b.unddstddina ol the problm.

to Erasp thc i$ue ol child labor,.xmincd to equn a b.ncrln rh€ Philippi,ies,a child is definedas a personbclowth€ag€ oi emdcipation, which ir 18 yeds I A3 soon as a p{.onr.aches 18 y.ds ofage, h./3h. is no lon8.r considereda childod becom.s automatically .ntnbd b do all acb of civil Lf., suchas conEaclinA mdiag. or bdecting bu3incss deals withcdespoadina 1.s.1 elleds. Th. rem 'child" r.c.ndy acquir.d anewmeaiDgupon the €nacth.nr of R.A.?610 in 1992,oth.ffiseknoM as tbe Chnd Piot.ction law Th€ ncw law, which dcvotes

hs k ^sr o.Mljdiry.m rwnryoi! k rish4i


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an enbre chapief on uorking chlldrcn, e\pdded the detinition olchiLdren10 mear "persons below clgbiccn (13) yeds oI aSe orthose over but a.e unable to fully iake care ol ihcmselv€s orpfoiect themselres rom abusc, neglect, c.ueliy, €xploiiationordisc.imination because of a physlcal or mental disabiliiy orwhile ihere 's a clear-cut dcnnition oflhe lerm'child", ti esam€ carnot be said about 'child Labor'which has been d€finedmd inierprered in moy dillerenl ways. Child labor, in irs gen€rzlsense, s the pdicipsiion ol childfen in a wide vdieiy of wo*situaliors, on a mo.e or less r€gllar lasjs, to em a

lrv€lihood or themselves r for othe.s.r Th€.e s a need,hovever,to disnnguish "child labol lrom child vork". Not all rypes ofchild vork de considered hild labor. Child labo. refers only toeconomicaciivities or 'those activities which de socially useluldd renun€lsble, requinng mdual dd/o. int€lleclual effori,whicb fesult in the prodlction ol soods or perfomd.€ ors€(c€s.'! Tbus, chrld abor excludcshouschold hores tor one'sown ldily since such ls noi rcmundable I1 dlso excludesme.dicancl because soctally usoful m€ds oflnelihood drd doesnot enteil he pfoductionofgoodso. sedrces.5In its stnct sense, however, child labo. .loes not refermerely to dy form of econdmic activity, as descrited abov€, butto a lorm of e.onomic eaploitanon ddaging to the child In thislight, the International tabour Orgdiation - InternationdProgrmme on ihc Eliminatlon of Chitd Labour (ILOIPEC) delines

child labor as "woik situations where children de comp€lled owork on a regultr basis to €dn a llving lor themselv€s ad thei.fdilies, dd as a result de disadvdtased edu.ationally ddsocjallyj where children wo.t in condiiions that e€ exploilativedd dmasins io their hearih dd to their physlcal drl menlaL

dryelophent; whcre children ue sepsated from then ldilies,otren deprived ol educationel dd taining opportuniti.si where.hlldren d€ forc€d io lead p.ematurely adult llves '6 This st.ict€rdefiniiion throvs caution to those child advo.ateswho tend toequate alL forms of child labor with *plonation, thereby hldinBihe.eal lssues, hroughplarrng mo.€ on €motions ather thu on.eason? The lypes oI child labor which de really exploilabveshould lirsl be identined inst€ad of lumping all lo.ms ol childlabor dd in the proce6s,ose sight olihe forms ol chitd abor harWhat is economically r?loitativ€,however, s€ssentFlLy

cultural decisiondepictedn th€ communitys daily practices TheSLale ormallzes his decisioDhrough th€ fomllation of nationarsrdddds, which b€come et olits laws.eThe Staie, ihrough the DcpdtmentEmplolneDt, delines"child labol as th€ illeBalemplolddt ofchildrcn below the age of nfieen (15), where they ee not dliectlyundcr the sole esponsibilly of thcir pd€nts or l€galguddrm, orrlrc later employsothe. workcrs apari from ihei. childrd, whoarc not membersol their lmilies, or thei. work endosers therlii. safely, health Md morals or impairs ihe,r nomald.vclopment nchding s.hooline lt also ncludes he srtuahon01childrcn belov the age of cighteen (13) qho de employed nh.2aious occupations.L0 llris definilion vas talren from the.xLslin8 child labor statutes ot the counrry dd cledly pertan6dnly r. th{: r'o.k siLuationsoI children. which under Philippine

lirwso,e conside.ed llcgal. AccordingLy,hildren above 5 yedso1.lbul below 13ycds olage who &e employedm non hddousun.tcnakings,and childfen beLow 5 yeds old who ae employ.din.xclLrsivc lamily underlal


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Drllrmor G csrr,D ttotl c|||I"D taloR a|rlj^Tro|| Ir rrr PtltlltFlitaschoolingdd norEEl d.lFopment 4 not inpair.d, d. no!.on.id.Fd a. "child l.bo/ uddd ih.law

In thi. book,uilcs6 d efned by rh.law pr...nt.d, thc !.m'chiid labor' .!..U bc u.cd in its stlict .cn!c s d.nn.d by tbclLOlPFa, On th. oth.r hud, thc t€ms .chitd lfk r' ed/or'erking childrcd' !h.ll bc uE€d in th.ir a.nc..t &n* to rcf.r toall childm bcl@ l8 FG old sho e .ngag.d in 6 @no6icactivity or . mc o lc rsurd ba!i. to ..m a rivi.8 fdthcdelv.!, d th.ir r'nirics, or for otb@, vh.tha d not .uchchj&ltcn ldk in th. fdo,l (d i!tor.l) *ct6 of th. .cddy,@d. eh.rhd or Dor 3uch cbildm e l.g.ny (d jn.Saly)

It. CHTLD ,./I8OR 9TfUAfION III TI'E PHTI,IPPTT,SThc authoriti$ oh mnrors de onc in th. apprai.al thatchild labor €nit3 worldside in astronomic.l ligur6. No on.knows €xactly how ndy child rvorke.s .xiEt in thc worid todEyb.cause th.y d. sr.tirticslly hidden €v€n n th. mod.m !..ror'Mor.@er, mdy Spv.mh.nls ud employ.6


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UNDERATAI|DII{G Cr|IID Lf, AOR CXTLD UIIOR SITUATION TII Tr|I FHII.IPPIXEA

Povcny incidcn€ dong ASEAN surtri.3, thc phcDoh.non ofchrld labor F pavolent &d rs sLll \p.€adrng In s 1995 sun.t,thc Nauonai Srd:srica O!!rc {NSO| r.v.a.3 rhaL 2.t miiliobchrldrM f'om rhc_.8.s .0 l J.trs patkrpaL. j he counrry.shcn rh. . h,ldrcn lcavcdchool, the nudber of child workers rio.6 ro as much ai S.lniUion.is sinc. 19a9, h. incidsce ot.hild labor r rh€ counlshqr been stFadny 3v.rag. rrr. of 3 S p.rccnidnually ovc a rcn-ycd period.'r Anorlle. c.tcutaridn Dlac.6 rh.nuhb.r of working chiidren b€(v€d ih. aaca of 5 dd 14y.r3 sr5 Fillion, or t9 p. . c.nt oI rhc robl laborto!... of rh. 5 hitlionworlsng children i. th. Philippines berv..! 5 dd t4 y.c ot aa.,about 3.9 ni]lion (or 77 p€..arl live ir rural dd t.l diUioD (23Frccntl in urbe dcas, r

WorkinA clrildrn may b. foun.l in div.rs. stors of rh.Plilippin. cconomy Ol rh. couty ! uorkins chJdrc., 67% ein .grialturc, ishing ad fore6by, 20e4 d. in &nic.s, dd 7%s. n indu6trr r Th. mqjo. d€s in rh. fomat ctor'c ot rhc.conomy *nd. childr.n (m b. iound rorlonS u. lh. Bm.nrshdu.l'y, sood ba*d i.dusEy ud rh. f@d induitry. HrnnS ofaPP.cnti€s in th.$ iodustriF is cohmon Thc r.st of rhcchildrctr s€ in th. m.ral od minins indu3rry.r In th. infom.rs.cror of thc onony, the masDitud. ol wotkins childrcn i.vi.rualt unknom b.cau* mdy of th. .srablishncnts d. norr.A3t.rcd with th . proper gov€mh.ni rcgularory agen.rcs.Nd.nhclcss, studi* shos that in ihis s.cror,childrcn d. horflyloand in asricultur., in th€ sdm€nts ud hudicraft s.ctorswo.kins for subcontacb.s, iD the st..ct,vcndinstrad., in ilt.grl

lrad. such a. Droslitulion. dd in domcstic or bond.d lab.rwh.r.in .hildrcn dc pl€dg€d o andlordsn payd.nt oad.bt.'1lMGr of th. country's wo.king childr.n d€ expo..d to vcrypoor workin8 conditions. Child.€n in agricultur€ de cxpoe.d iohcary loads, ch.nicsls us€dfor f.fiilizcrs md pesticidcE, d ro&tural .l.m.nl. such as rain, sh ed etrons vilds Tbo3. infishing.ufi.r frcm ruptured .ddrums ud shdk attackr' Onb@d th. tuhi4 vcsls, tbey hav. to cndurc o.g.st.d,uNdilary condilions od pmr l@d, vhich oltm I..d 10

Fa.tory child workers risk ats 8d other injurl.s rromaccid.dts caus.d by nodem machin.rica ad rrom th. lack ororot€ctivc m€chsisms such e Clov.s od ntrks Childrcn ingdncnt f&ro.iB ud in vood industri€s suft€r lrom ba.k sirain,hdd cmp., .y6bain, hadachca $d all.rgi€s du. to duslfho$ in rhc p)@t.chnics @ufacturt a run ihe addjtion.l riskof injury or .tcath eusd by th. acc'd.ntal .xPlcion or lhcr

Asid. arcm lhc aubstddard mrking @lditidds 3ult rcd bvchildr.n at @.k. thcy lm dPloilalion by rhor emplov.rs rnt.ms of lo.g ho!rc ol @rk, in3ullici.nt rest P.rio& fld.xtremcly low wag€. on rhe averagc, childr.n work t om 4 ro 6houm a day, edn b€low P1,o0o p. r mmlh, ud d. Pdd I.-pal


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OiDERATTNDNG CSII,D IJ'I('R RE/u;OrlSqR CHr'-DRrn WOR'isicldr.ls du. to .xposu.e ro h.ar, rain, dusl dd tumes. Dur asorrom th. risk ofv.hiculu accid.nlsdd irom frequ€mmorcstarondd h&a$m.nt by pecrs, adult syndicar€s tuo evcn rawcnforccrc, In additior !o thcse, rhe cnild scavdg€rs suffcr tronietdus hf.ctions, vhil€ those engaged in prosrturion gctconsiday .xposcd !o serually t.msmftr€d diseases ddmaltrcatdent from sadioriccustoners,s

Child labornot only .mails physical ep€rcusslons uch assrunbd srosth and dis€ases.bur arso c€.tain Dsv.ho-.ocialere(t6. Th.work in which mev.t-'tqrrn d- c.g.gio rn. aisroastheir volu.r, l.ads to Ioss ol disnity dd selfconliden.., dd€xposcs hcm to etr,3ocjal behavior.Due ro tonghourc of work,rheir emotionaled p.rsolal developmems r€tdd.d dd theircrealive hirkins limir.d.,6Child labor also rar(es its tott on tne educarion of rn.working 6hildr.n. Nrhough more tha 75% oI thc colnr.y'sworrtina childrcn ar. 3tiU able to ao ro schoor,a number havecxp€r'enccd .ing r.pcalers 36%tdd &op ou.s {9oli 5%t. Mdyhave p@r g.ad.s d.l ae ncver able to srudy rheir tcssons ar

TTI. IHE RTASOIIS EIIT CHILDREN WORKChild labor is ioot€d in povertyod lhc lack of.conomLcopportunities.Itis often aresponse by thchouschold o the necdto satisly ba6ic equiiements. child.cn wirh un€mployedpd.nlsor whosepdents do nor have socialsccuritymust wor! to help inth€ir fdily s siruggle for suryival.,r Th. satislaction of th€sechild.els baslc needs n lile taftespreccdcnccovc. their othe.needssuch as educationmd recrearion.,eChiLdren de also impellcd to work Irom d edly ageb€cause l the cenrun€s old tradirion that thc child must workthrough soliddity wiih the fmily eroup, so as to comp.hsateasmuch as Dossibleor the econonicbu.d.n that hc/.h. r.p.cseltsnnd to shre in the mdntmdc. oI his/hcr toily, whic! isuslally a very ldge one.30 In th€ PhiliPpincs, tdili.s padiNldlyvolue h€lpruliess md responsibilit'-shrins. Philippine culturecspccially in rural d€as, 'considcrs child rcrk as a pha* or.mialiatio. where tutue roLs de lcd.d ed srking to sharcin rhc fmily is seen as a lrainins. lTlhe t@3mGsio! ot skills frompurcnts ed the evolution of proper attitudc. to wo* dc sme otllr. consrdcrcd cial conlributionsot.hild labor"rlAnother reasonwht children work i. thc ftilurc in th€.duceLionsystem. May pdenls prefd to .cnd th€ir childrenourro work ralhci thar 10school,€ither hccarlc rh.r. is !o school

wnhi! a rcasonable jstdce of th€ isily homc,or bccause he vo{nnor do vnhout ihe income the worldns child brings in, orbccausc hey cdnot me€t hecosts ofs€ndingthe child to school,or na{in becausehey cdnot 6eewhat u3€ schoolingwouldb€ tohlm rr Poof schoolinshas little c.edibililyror ndy teilies sinc€lL do0s not p.onot€ economic mpideh.nt For so long as


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uIDg€TrrDrxc cs[,D L^aoil!'. SARATEGIES III 1U'DR.T.SSITO Tl|E Ct|lLD TIIBORPROALEU

D..pn th. gov.mr.trt s prohibiuon on chnd hbor si.ccthc I92o3, as emb.ddcd n Philippin.laws, thc problen continucato pGist 1o his day. Child labo. is . Dajo. cconomic dd s@'.ralprcblcb that r.quir€ a ls Dor. viAdous srmcc from rhcgov.mm..r. B.cau3. .hild labor j.opddias th . childrcnbpot€nlial to b.con. p.oducriv. a


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.,nplornonl or No.k siruations wrlhout a rcadythcir srr$:rl. On 1hc othcr hand, grlen rhc otner option ofp,oyidins thcsc .hildrcn wnh D.orccllc work .ondLl,ons, rhcsovf.nn.dr is la.cd \nh a'rotncr pred'.lment Horv .an t g'veprotr.uon 10 hesc child!c. nithin their very vo! kpl3ces vheD thela \ proh,tits rhen emplotrmenr in the firsi place? In the latte..as., rrie gove,nment world be liolating its o{n larv This enigma1s.n. ihar does not hale a delinitile solution. Cledly, a.defula.d deliberate staregizing is rcqured io deierm'ne the mosiviable and effe.live natonal a.lion n controlling child labor andrn evenlualll ohminating ir

Cu.rent a.rions to address the child labof pfoblen evolvedf.om a ranery of spcclar projects designed to add,ess sp€cili..eeds to a nalional .onccrtcd progrmme ad pld ol aci,o. k)..mbai child labor li was in rhe yed l9a6 .'Bht alter lhepeople's relolution, qhcr projects for sireei child.en and childs.avengers begm ro emergc ln 1943, the governmeni lhroughrhe auspices ol UNICEF, launchcd the Brealing Ground fo.Commlniiy Aciion on Child Labol projeci to ldcntifu dd assistcommunities in regiors vith a high concenlration of.hlld labor.Acluties unde. ihe project focused on pr.rision ol lasic hcalth.nd cducalon sepices t. children, on prorision ofl,relihood andcnl.eprcncurlal skills ro.hildren's prents, md on advocacy worhto conrin.. ptuents and empl.yers 1o emove children f.om healyo. dang.rous riofkre Sigrilicanly, in 1949, the govcrnmenlpromulaatcd rhe Philippine Plan of Action fo. child.en whicb setspccill. goals lor children ir espe.iallt difil.ult circnmstmces,among which 1s the banning ol children lrom hazrdousoi i 'pdr 'o \ . Jo' L\a0! ' l_\_d \c '00 ^F r ooL.d* ' l - - . - ol o ' l - \d rond (5 d l .bo D oFr on i -which e$and€d fte original lmplemeniors ot the p.oj€cl'B.e].nrgGround.' to iNolve 14 govcrnmental dd non 3olernment3l

ln 199.1, hc Phil,ppincgo\ernmentbecahe a p&ti.ipatingcountry n the ILO lntcrnatlonal ProArdmc on the EliminarionofChild Labor llLO IPEC) aJt.r *hich d agenda of acuon forrsbo n rh€ PhilippLnesvas formulared byrepresentativesf ra.ious government genci€s, GOs,employers':urd workcrs' o.sdizaliols, lo.al g.vernmeDl oficials dd" ",1 - i , . f 'om l . i l t " ' r 1 o' '5p ,o r"r . - \ ..esdting agenda hich {as adopted by rhe PhiLiplines,sor oulprlonty tdeet eroups for aclon. mone which de vl.tims oft.ilcking dd bondcd abor child.cn rn homc-bascd ndusfies,.hndren m mlnin8 md querting dd children tiapped inprosLnution PriorLty ucas of acuon or ihc IPEC .ogrmme were:Lls. d.ntilled as rollows dir..t a.tior on prorc.rion rcmovalddrchabiLlalon of .hlldrcn from ddgdous occupalonsj awdenessraisirgi lcgislad& hd la* enfo..emcnli Md.apability buddine.t

Toda! rhc lo.us ol aclions in tnc .ountry is on thcrlininarnm ol isk b children )aihe. than on endnrg th€irpai'.ipaiion in al l fo.ms ol nork Such app.oach ,s needed oaccommodatehe povefi,aelement n child labo. and allow theliniLies neribility in maintainng theif esseniial sunivalNchanisms while prole.ling the childrcn inlolved ra Th!s,arnone thc cm.r8lne stratcei.s now being pursred by iheihc locuslng of rescue etlorts on the mosir\t)lor.livc forms oI ch d labor or thc hiBh risli children such aslhc vcr'.v oune lbelov age 12 of l3), those n hzardous rvo.k'nB.ondrions, or thosc 1n bond.d labor. For the resr olthe ivorkingchiL(l'.n hrwcvr., unll alrcrna!'es lor suflrval tue set 1nplacc,h.'ahlonrd efinrs shorld be cxe.led to assrre thaL Lheyare inol,s thrl 11. nol barmtul ta their heald md physicalmd mcnral{1,\flotori that they havc oplort,nities for cdrcation dd., cxrr!r. rn.1 ihnt ihev rc.ene the sare corditons olftr,til,,rin.nl 3rd prt..ti.. is ordnrary !.r!ers nr addition 1o


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UTDERA}MDIXO CHILD I'I.EOR ATI|AIEGTES IN ADDRIS3ING CHII,D IASOR l5!h.., n8hrs as .l-rtqr.n Th . pror 1on oI *s,,na tabo,legrr ldr io. stMdr.s. . r {e as $r (crr s-hemrs dpsiAn.d oD.otectwork.rs' well bcjng, shouldbe €xtendcd o rhem Ar rhesame ume, .utlicienr 4d eff€ctilc pbgrams oi r€habnjtarion ren.eded to complemenr lhe said sbal.sy.

_ To r.ali& rh€ loresonc objccrives n ihe d€a or tawenju, eTent. .onm unry groupssd to.dt governm-n untr3na\Fbrcn mobili4d ro imm.d'ar€ry r.spond ,o comDldr< oI chjdduu\c ed .xploi(auon dd ro dqs,sr hp conc€med hrtdren nobtaning redlcss o. th. viotarionot ther flAht.. Ncvcrm€r€ss,orssf( r iem complF'e d sdeqLrr . -e .re t hrougnorr heen r rp,nspccioft, prceculo.s. jqdc€s, e.ial rcrk rs ud NGOS for ab€rr.' @mprchension of the t,ws ud te8al pro.dur€s one dr .p .r rens i r Non on , hr torpn r Bhtssrl lnecd o be int.nsified.

Th€ rmmedialemcasures €quired or th. protecrion tchildwo.k€rs, as sugg€st€d above, would be inefecuvc unressaccompd'cd by schemeso add.css he roorcausesofchrld abo.Thus, asid€ rom existiDg ociatwelfde s€nicesro needy amiti€s,, , come Bencr€r ,ng l rc j ,hood p ,n lecLqmus, oemanne., educanondproSrms thar tue free, .l.vdr b rh. needsof th- i |d wor le ! cnd f -uoe .no-Bh ro a oq .h .m cnoL8hI-cdr i ronct i ' non.hdrdouh uo.r shoJld bemadcaccessiblco them.is

As a preventre approachto rhe problem of child labor,ro edr .are .h . gcnera oublc po I y-meerscmproyer\.$orkers. rdilc,. dd !hjtdr.n rl"pn3ctvps n rhe €ulsoI chnd rabo. dd to ioprcvc then undedddina of rhe problemshould, tkewisc,be m.nsified.ln rhe dea of leglstario.. rhe possibitiry of uifyin8

.n inrc .ndr ,ondrr rnd. ,d \ i \ u . . 3 \ o l

.nactine nd las, which e rearisric dd enroiccablc, is 6i.c.r.1yb.'n8 consider.d by the gov.rnm.nt The romulation of slm9lili€drulc. md regulations to guide law .nforc€re dd the gcn.rslpubli. in th. corcci intc.prctahon ed props impldcntatjor ofexbtinB laws should, ho@cr, b. fast-tra.ked.Although a host of oth€r etrarcgi.s md a.tivltics to combatchild labor s. al.eady bcing efiec!€d n the country, th.y de€vd.ntly inad.qualc wh.n weighedagaitrst th. nag.itudc of thcprobl.m. D.linil.ly, n cnomous ra3k sdll [c6.hea.l rq rhos*dling to sta!. rheir tim. dd clfod. to savc rhe country'schildrcn. Th€ fo[owins chapters aim to assbt ell concqnedgov.rnment ag.nciesi non-Sovemn.ntal orgdi2alions dd othergoups or individuars in th.ir .fiort6 to protccl dd pr6oot. thenshls of chnd workers. by .npo@nng th€m vith knovl€4. onth. laws dd lcgal p.occdures jnvolv.d in this complex isiue of


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PART TWOTHE LEGAL PROTECTIONOF CHILD WORKERS

INTRODUCIIOIT:HTSIrORICAI, E'qOLUTIOT OF CTTTLD ABOR l,l\wl'NT TED PIIEIPSIT'SiL5*:. which restrict rhe employment f chtldrcn sprunalarge\ trom social relom movements of the lalc ninerccnthcenrurJ Allhough mrk had lraditio.ally been sen as essential toa child s upbnnging, the gtuvrh df indusdaiism sradually changedlhe nalure ofrhc work sd auitudcs rowardn. Childrcn who w.rcthe incrcasing dcmdd for workcrs in taciori.3s!fiered in economic crms dd \crc ro l ongcr bcrhB ran.d in avocationbut typically cdned only ho$ to do smail tasks x wasbecomingappaent that \ork in factoneswasphysicallyharmful toch,ldren vho Ere being giYen the unhealthiesr rvork fhc.n.,pasine d{r-aFs nf r l-- dbLse dad r\Dloirarioa acro-pdying.h d labo.. rhereupon,produceddemdds ldr reform. Pr'.ssurc o..h1ld labor laws begd to Browat thc amc rime as pressur. fo t.ompulsort' education, dd rhe rwo molemenrs delelop.d .long'side n the years om la30 !o 1930.a6

Rcgimc,vlren Act No 3071, An Act to Regulaie he EmPldyncntof Wom€n ud Children in Shops. Facto.i€s, Industrial,Agriculiursl ad Mer.dtilc Establishmenls,dd Oth.r Place olLabor n the Phdippine slands, 10 P.ovidc Penali,eso. violarionsHereofmd for oth€r Purposes'wascnacted nto lav The wommdnd child Labo. Section of rhe Inspeclion Dilision of rbe thenBurcau ofl-abor,was assiBned 0enforcehis Act n 1925Aci No 3O7l prohibiied the edFloymenl ot persons b.lowccrian agcs dependnrgon the tyle of work or establishm.nl

rnvollcd Fo. ex:mple, rhe edFloyment ol personsLn mhcs or tnDlaccswherc explosilesd€ used or mflufacrtrr€d sas prohibnedI{x pcrsons b€loq 14 yeds ofagear wo* in conncctionuth theP.cpdatio' oI sy poisonous, noxious. er.plosve or tnfecnousslbsrdce vas prchibrtcd or per$ns b€low 16y€trs orage1r ActNo 3O7 also *t thc minimum ageof cmploymenlal 16 ye{s fdrOt follosina lypcs of qork: operarorof elelatorsi malomm drtircmdi cleaning ol machinerr; undergroundvorkJ! rvork inlr'llrrd rooms, cockptts or other placcs where gmes re b€,.9pl.lrd rvnh stalcs of mon€-\'i vork in ddce h:lls, srad'uds orbailrinas, boxers or jo.tets;r rd salc ofnrcdicines ad dtuss in a phmacl or for dy vork tt'at may alfectrhc hcallh oI the public 5' Work in b3c was likewis. prohlbiledlo r mal€snnder 16 yeds of age and for f€malesu.der la yea.s orll'lc ' In rh€ case of other acls not specifi€d n Act No 30?1.+l,ich inyolv€s senous ddger to th€ hfe of th. labore., rhenrn"nnm age of employmentwas ser at 1ayearssAcr No 3071 also prescribed he .ondltions ol wo.k olch'ldrrn Thc cmployervas .equi.ed to provlde prope. sears orwo,ncn dd children. o altoiv h€m not less than 60 minurcs for

ln the Philippnes, thr concern.blldrcn stdtcd as erly as Md.h 16, ror thc plighi of worknrg1923, duritrg the Americatr


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LEO/II PROTECTIONOF CIIIID WORXTRS

RepublicAct (R.-A.) o 679, An Act to R€eutatc he EmPloymcnt tWomenod Cbndr.n, to ProvldcPenalLieso.Vtolation Her€of,andfor Othff hriposca Thc impl€menlatiot ol R,A 679 easenirusrcdto the Womcn ed Mino.s Dilision otthc tormd Bureauor abor stdd&ds, in 1957.Under R.A.679, cbildftn bclov 14 yeds oI aa. may onlybecmployed to p.rform lighr worL vhich is not ha rmtul lo th€irh€zlih or nomal d.velopment.ad whrch is not .uch as lopr€judice heir at!€nduce in school. Likewis., no child below 14

yeds ol age may be enployedon schooldays unl.3s su.h childknovs how io read dd write. Neverthel€ss,hc.c rcqutsrtes €ednot be preselt lot children below 14 yeds old cmPloy€d n th€rollowins pemissiblc instmccs ll doncatic worki 2)esiabllshmentsn which only memb€rsofrno fmjly de employed,.xccpt employm.n! whi.h is hdmful or degcrousr 3) work donein vocational. te.hni.al or p.oi€slonal schools, not intcnded forcommerial profit; $d 4) €mplorddt as smna6t, acrobat orcicus perlomer, or h sy ddcin8, thcatrical or musical

R.A 679 ..taincd rhe p.evious age imit of 16 y.ds se l byAct No. 3071 lor ihe iollosing tFes olvork oPeraro!of elcvato.s,,i.enani operatotcl€m€r or machineryilndersround wofkr and wo.k in billiar.l rooms, cockPlls,oth€rplacc where gocs qrc pldy€dwith stakesol mon.y, or in a bd,nighL.lub, doce hsll, stadium or rac€track, a3 wdter, box€rorln addition, R.A. 679 prohibited thc .hPloyment olD$sons below 16 years in the lolloving typcs of work: vork inmnes, qu{rics, .t.; undeitalings ,n whtch &tcles mmonufaclured, tansformcd, alt€red, repaired, d€moli.hed,etc;undr"al'nBs.nFdpcd rn shrpbundfg or tn thc g.n.'rdon orrraosmissidnof clrctrcny or motivepower;undena*,n8s.ngaa.diD brildi.g dd civrl cnAinecring orks; und€.taling. .ngaAed nrh r kansport ofpos$en8cFor goods,or in th€h&dling oi goodsatdo{,ks.whrfl.s or ai!D.ns: rtc. fl ' Hovever,R.A 679 rdsed to la

thetr noo, meal, t dd ro havc in his estabtshient a dulyceltifi.d copy of thc birth .€nificares ol .ach oi his labor€rs below18 ycds of agc.s Morcd.r, th€ witl.n consent oi ihe chndred,6pdcnts or aurdims is a prd.quisit ro th.ir emplotmcnt.Chddren below 16'res of ag€ nay nor bc cmployed to w* heforc6:00 a.m. or after 6:00 p.m, ad may .ot mrk for mdre tha 7hours daly or 42 hou's $ekly r Thc .mptom.nr ot p.,sonsbelow 14 y.es orag. on \ihmldays wa< atso protubir.d.urJ.sssucrrch dr.n knov how to read md Mir.37R€vt!..t P€n.l Cod.

ln 1932, he Rqised PenarCod€ RpC), codincationof ih.coultrys pcne.l aws, w6 cnaclcd into lsr. Th€ Rpc, wbichr€oans in erlect up ro rhis day, conrain6 E€veral provision3prohrbning certain t}?.s of chnd wo.&, 3uch as Exploitatior oIchild L€bor^ (An 2tu) md "Exploihtion or Minoc" {Art. 2za).Th€ form.r prohibits the retaining of a minor i! on€! s€ric.asainsl hk/h.r vill under rh. pr.rcxt of reihbuFine a debrncur.d by th. minor! asc.nddts. Th. tarbr gohibits th.cmplolment of a minor u!.ler 16 ycds oi aa. as d a.robar,B/mnast, diver, wild-rimal tm.r, dd in other ddge.ouserhibltions Othd provisions in th. RPC relating ro slavery,prosltutlon, corruption of mino.s, ll.gal derention d kidaappingof minors, dc equally applicabl€ ro child wo.k€rs dependjne onthen ptrticuld snuationR3 . 679

ln 1946, rhe Philiplines prelaimcd its indcpenddc. ftdmAs€ticd Rulc dd becfle a Rcpublic. craduatly, the disringlaws ena.!.d unde. the fomer regim. wdc r.plac.d by RepubticA.ts. Thus, on Apnl 15, 1952, A.t No. 3071 sas repealed by


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2t)yea.s th c prelious agc hmir ol 16 ycars, scr by Ac1 No. 3O7L orrork 'n d! pha.macvfor the prepararionot druBs,and for workwrh the prcparalion ot or invollcsc.niam'naron wrh an! noxlous,poisonous.nlccrous o. exptosilcsubstaDces, EiChrecnears remaincd he aBc rmrr or oilcr Lypcsol wort nrvol\inB s.rious danBer ro rhe rrtc or hcalrh oa rhe

ot pdti.uld signili.occ h R.A 679 is ih . gower oi rhcSccrela( of Labor 10 grur a sp..iat trork permtr fo , rhecmplornenr ofa ch d trhose emproyncnl s orheNisc prohibitcd."whdever i. hrs udgnent. the economicn.c.ssily of th. lmily 1oshich su.h child belongs cquireshis assrslM.. fd. increa3i.g hc

Th. co.dilions of(ork ofch dren rcquir€dDy Acl No 3OZlwere repr.du&d in RA. 679. HoNe!e.. rhc ncw taw ad.tcd a {ewmore requn.m€nrs such as rhe 'medical cxaminaiionof childrenro. litness ror emplolmena bctor€ acrual cnptolm.nr dd crcry 6Donths rhereal€r o. oftencr..rdd rhe pr.hiblion oo nigh( wort,ftom loioo p.m ro 6:00 a m., of personsbcnveen16 and l8 vears

2I

ItO ConventionNo 90, r.Lll.d b! ure country n May 1953,p(nribirs rhe employmenl or children in indtrsty during nighilimc The t.m niah( signiiiesa period of at l€a st 12 consecubrthours which includcs th€ in1€Fa1bciNeen 10,00 pm. ad 6:00.m lor chrldren benN 16 vces ol age,sd a penod {blcbiDclud.sthc int€^al of at lcast 7 consecutivehou.sbetween 0:0ot 'n and 7,0o a.m for childrcDbet{e€n 16 md la ycds old6:ILO Co.lcntion No 59. qhich ihe .ountry ratified in MayIt)60 fixcs the mininxm age of employment or indus!:r ar 15!(ns bur ,lo$s youngerchildren 1obc emplo'€d n unddtaktngs

'n Nhich onlv members of the cmployers famitt, e employedproldcd rbat such turk trc not dagerous ro thc life, t'earth orno.als ofihe children employ€d herein.bllo convcnrton No 77, which the ounty rarified also inM.y 1960, requirss th€ m€dical emination of childJd as a prercqu,snc ro employment and thei. sub*quentthdcD h also contains medj.al cf,minarion guidelines fo.difi(,rnr rJp.s of*ork for children.

R.a.2111()n June la, 1960. R.A. 2714,-An Acl to Esrablish n thel)l])idnr.nr ol kbor a Burcau to be(noM as Womcndd MnorslJunru Nrs passcrl nro larv This Bureau replaced he lome.Womr rnd lvlinorsDivislonof th€ Bur€au of Labor Stadrds dd*xs rrsk.d, among orhers, o administe.md €nfo.ce, he rvomdnnd rh'kl Labor aws The Bur€au or Women tud Minors wasft.nrmd trurrru oiwomen and YaungWorkers n r9a7

'EG[ PROTECTIONOF CHILD C'ORI€R6

Il.o conv.niio! N6. 59In the v€rs 1953dd t960, .esp€ctivety,hc phrtippinesralin.dthree nt€mational co.v.mions adopted by the tnt€.nauonatLabour Orgaization (ILO), etating o chitd labor Thes€ c tLOConvention No 59, Minimum Age fo. Admisson of Childrcn tolndusri:l Employment M Convenrion No 77, ,M.dicalErdinalion fo. Fltness lor Employmenr n Industry ot Chitdrendd Young Pe.sons;md ILO ConventionNo. 90, Nishl Work oIYoung Pe.sonsEmployed n Indusry". Theconvcnrions atilicdbvMemberStatesc.€atebindingobliearions p.. rh.m.

-


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r o c ror o c r wo a4-!C

The failurc of thc Blccessive adminisrralions to corc wlihthc cconomiccnsca hat befelLhe counry aJtd lhc wd, to drcltthc iicrcasing groso hbaldces in sociel.l6tructurca, sd ro.urbth. rapid in.rca.e in population,led o th. onslaughtor poverty nthc 1960s10 hc 1970s. This p.op€ned hc auddcnuFurgc in rhcnuhber of.hildrcn who begr to mrk i! order to au8m.nt th.irftmrlrcs mom.. Thc reulring disenlcnt stircd by th. rdpdrEratr dd comprioD in th. eolel1fr.ni 'npcll.d rhc gro*rh oIsrudcnt adiyisn, which forc.d rhe Mtrcos Sd.mmcnr ro plac. rh..ntir. county und.r hdtral lawm 1972 Th.l.Ailativc body wa!aboli3h.d dd rh. Itc!id.!l! d€cr€espdtook ol rhc natur. ollsw!. Dunng the Matial k{ e.a, s€v€ral Prcsrdcntid Dc.r...(P.D.s)were ssued resulrins n the @eldoent ol thc child laborOn Mmh 13, 1973, PD No. l4A d.ndcd R.A 679, Th.Womu od Child llbor l:w P.D. r48 nmpm.d $. cobpl.xt.@sons of RA. 679. Ehich pdidcd co.fqsing ag. liDits fordifi.edr 9Fs of und.rtaldn8s. Und.r th. n.e las, P.D. la8, "nochild bclw 14 v.es ol ag. shatl be eoploycd by sy .mploy.r,.x..pt wh€c the child eorks direcdy uod.. th. !ol. rcspon3ibilnyor hi3 prent or gutdi6, irvolwjDs acliviti.s which *. noth.zddds i. naiu.e 6d wbich do nor i. ey way int.n rc wirhhi3 schooling.4' und.r thc sde ac!, 'ay p.rson bcrwc.n l4 ddla y.ds ol ag. may b. employed in uy non hsddous

Nori.eably, his law.cpealed the prdious crc.pliois to th€mrnrmum agc of.mploymdr allotrd by R.A 67S, such as lighr{ork. domcsric work, work dm. in *h613, eork demddcd by.conomic nec.ssity, .lc lcaving only onc lyp. of crc.ption a.srat.d above Ir is atsoworth notingthal P.O. I4a contav.n.d ILOconvcnlion No 59, which iixes he nininun aaeol.mploymcnl inindustry qt 1s y€ds, Nryertheless, he conditions of work oichildr.n presc.ibedby R A 679 wereno t lepealcdby thc n.w law

Ait.r only on. yeu from its cnachcnt. P.D 148 wa.mcnd.d by th. palsaA€ of PD 442, th. Labor Code of thcPhilippjncs, on Nov.mb€r l, 1974. Th. Labor code rsircd thchininum agEof cnploymcnt 6om 14 y.ss 10 15 ycds, th.r.bycodpbana vith th. rcqurcments oa ILO conv.ltion No. 59,anicle 139 of thc Labor code prohibG rh. cdplolm.nr of , childb.loe 15 y.d.'.xc.pt *hd h. work dirc.dy undcr th. &1.r..pon3ibilrty of hb pdnrs or gusdis, sd hi. .hploym.ntdo€ not in ay way hicrf.re with his $h@ling'.Thc rabor Codc relained th. pr*iou. ninlmuo agc lorhedou. und.rtakings al Ia yeds. h .l.o addcd a minimum.8c rcquir.mcnt for appdticca, shich i6 14 ycd.Unfortunatcly, thc t ms dd condition. oI .mploym.nt ofchildrn, provid.d by R.A.679, a3 m.nd.d by P.D. I4a,8.. nolrcDrodued in th. kbd Codc, Ihls d.arinA a *rious gap tn lh.

P.D. 603 - cldtd.!rl loEth wdia CorLon Dcmb.r lo. 1974. o.e month an€r the rabor Cod.sas pass.d, P.D.603 d the Child od Yourh w.lrd. Cod. warcna.t€d into law Ttc nfl law, vhi.h rook cfi€ct 60 Jun. s,1975. s a codncadon oI diff€r€nrprovi.ion. for rh. wcll-b.ina ofal l .hildr.d. P.D.603 p.mits ihe cmploym.nt ofchildr.n b.losl6 y.ds of aa. for "li8ht mrk ehich rs not hdmful io th.ir saJ.ty,

h.alrh or normal d.v.lopd.nt ad which js Dot pr.judicidl toth.ir srudE.." Thi3 Drovision should, hoEvcr, b. aad inconJun.tion wirh rh. Labd code, wnich allows thc €mployncnr ofchildren b.low 15 y.ds, only if uDd.r th. dn€ct ad solcr€3ponsibillty fth.n pdents or guddid.Thc child ond YouthweUarccddc incl!des a h6r oroth*bcn(lilR lor workin8 child.en snch ds thc dury of employcrc oRuhmir'cpon8 trnd 10 kccp r nNNl{ 'ol cmplorcd.hi ldr .n, rhcnshr of workni[ ch'klr.n ro selt 'rl1rnrznlr , w.lnr. p!)girms,

P.D, 4:t2 . Lbot Cortc


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lllolr rn{rfisr|oi oF csr n woralta srsroRY oF cx&D !\Boi LAl9aU. . Co!v.!t!o! o! ti. Rtrht. of ti. Citld

D.3pn. thc cxiEtiDs are bdnins child labor, no lcriousclto(B wcr. .x.rcd by th€ Mdcos sorernhcnl dd it.pre.l.cc.so.s 10 rcrolve hc g.owins problem. h 19a6, ati.r th epcoples rcvolutior bloqghl ahour the ped.etul chdg. ofaov$nm€nt, rcvelonons about rhe abuses dnd.xploitatio!sun ..d by th. counrrys ohildrenstdied to unfold Ar rhc smclim. d.mands lor r.lorms in govemnenrpoLic.. lcgislarionsr lprqrm. 6It cting chrldren s.aduslly inrcftin.d. The n.wSovernm.nr espon.l.dby latify'.A the UnitcdNarionsConv.ntionon rh. Ri8ht. oI rhe child (cRc) on Juty 26, 1990. Th. u. N cRc.nr.red Inlo torcc 6 d i.t.rnatimal agreemenron S.pr.mtEr 2,

Unlrk. .h. ILO Convenrions on child labor. the U.N. CRC.lo.r nor prcvid. 3 sp.citr age lidir tor rh. .mployn.nt otch dr.n, l.avrna n up b .hc .adrying counrri.. to er rh.ir ohpolrci.! on th. mal... Nd.nh€les, it diFct! rh. htiftlnBcountn.r ro prolccr ih. childrcn from @nomic .xploitarion ddkom p.rforming vorL whtch is bddous or sh.h i. h.ntul tolhr rh'ld!t hcallh,.ducalion, dd dFelopneDr. Ir funhf obtige3.ounrnB ro proid. tor a minimum ag. of.Dploymcnr. to rrcgulaton of lhc hours and.ondidons ofcDptolm€ni olchildrcn.and ror proper p.nalli.s or sddio.s againsr rhc violaroB or

B.A. ?610 - fh. Chlld Prot ctto! Lton Jun c 17, I992, ro complywith rhe mdddie ofthc u,NCRC, tlr. governn.nl cnactcd RA 7610, An Acr Providing orSlronfld Dctciicncc and SpecialhotectrodAgt.sr Child AbuEc,Exploikrion and Discrinination, P.oviding Penaltie3 lof lrsVnnnlion nnd lrdr Othe. Purposes'. Although RA, 7610 wa.lrtrrded lor rh. inrorative piovislons it introduc.d for th.frorc.lrr or.hikhcn in esp.ciallydin.uLt ciram.td..!, it wsrn.krrhrL,ss s.v.r.l! criticized tor irs p.ovisions on workjna

childrcn, which abrupdy chds.d thc cntirc Philippitc policy orprohibninS child labor. Articlc vlII. Scction 12, of RA t6l0lcgalircd rhc employmenrof all children bclow 15 ycd. of a3.,provid.d only thar the mploye. first sccurcaa work pcrmit Iromthc Dcpstn€nr of labor ad Employmcnt End cnsutc. thcprotectionoi the child.

E4,Z!E9Upon prcsu. ftom rh. D.pdtncnt ot Jusricc,[email protected] orgdiatons, od im.national bodi4.uch a3

rh . llo dd uNIcEF. th. Philippin€ congrca3,rcalizina thatA icl. vlII, sf,ction 12, of R A 76 o b a flagrat violationot lloConv.ntion No. 59, en acted a ncw lar .o am.nd ruch Gtionait.r only on € yed arcm i.s passag.. RA. 7654, '4 . A. tProhibnina h. Employme.t oachildEn a.bw 15 Y.d. ot Aa. InPublic ud Priac UnderEkinss- *as pasd into law In o.tobd,1s93, !h.r.by rcstoring tb. cFt*hil. prchibilton on th.coploym.ni of .hndr.n t'eloq 15ycds ot a8cR A 765a aIGs only M cxc.piion3 to rh. prohibnion on.mploymcDt b.lo* the minimum ag.: ll _mrk dr.cdy !.dd uFslc r.spo.sibiliry of rhe child s pffil3 or l.gal glsdie ddwhcrc oDly uemb.6 of rhe emplo!,e. s lmily m cdploycd', sdlt _$hcre a .hllds mplolo.nt rn publK cntcrtainmcnr orInformalion thbugh cinda, th.at r, radio or lclcvi3on i!(sscnrial.ru Th€ trrst cxception6 mcrcly a repioduclionof tho$(oflrincd in p.elious laus (inbor codc sd ILO Conlcnnon No.5q) wilh lhe added requisnc rhal thc gusdial bc r I.AallYnDr.nrcd orc Th. seco.d ex.cpiion ts sodcLlnngncw brou8hltnrr bv Lhc practical considdation thal only chiklr.b canRrrlitsli.ullypcrforn.hildren s rolcs rcquircd n (hc cnlcrtanrmcntn'rd irli)rnation industry ln both exception.,(hc .mploynr.nLHhoukl ncrrhcr cndanger rhe childs life, sdle(y, hcalLh, mofBls,n ' ! l norm. l dcvc lopmcnt, o . p 'e jud ic€ he.h i t ls .ducat ion lris rls,, nrnddl.ry fof lhc emploversb fiRt s.(ur. Lt th..hild a


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26work p.rmit from ihc Departmenl of labor a.d Emplolrenlbeaore h€ chdd cd eren begin to work.;, I. CENERAL POLTCYCOIISIDERATIONS

fhe gqqal policies of the yate uith respect to children orcenshnled in the PhihppineCanshtuitan aaa i^ th. (:hikt a^d you.hwellareC.de tE lnremalianalCaDeaant n Ec.nont, Sociat nrCuLtutaL Rights, 6 aell as the Catu€ntion .n the Rights aI thChnd, both tatifea bg he cauntry, also ca anl pi^.ries reteuanPrinciples aad pohcies dectored in the constitution of u9ate and in Intemdti.nal C.n@nnons mtife!1 b! the country serEds ndndar"s !o the Gb@nhe^t to unde4oke measu.es o giLhtn rnatit! and Jo/ce The .tetdits af these pn^ciptes sna poicies./e p.ouidea Iar A) hus passed b! the canstess and o,e .futlhersLrengthenedbg ru|es and regulations ptunrLgdtad b! the exedtiueLlepadnent TIE polities presenredbetatu ndg be inooked ta.Irccale Iar thefunhe. ptutectio af the ishts of chitdwo,ke.s.

GENER.AIPoLrcY CONSIDERATIOI{C

On November2a 2OO0 he senate throtgh a resorut,onradncd ILO Conaention142 The Conv€nLion hall cone iniofo..c 12 months aJte. he datcon vhich its ratilication has t'eenrcBistcrcd.i, As a Memb.r that ralfi€d ihc Convention, hePhilippjn.s undrrtal.s ro t.k. imm.diare dd.fi..rivc mer


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LEO/IL PROTECNOI{ OT CIT1D WORXIRS oEnERr! POLICYCOnED'MTrOnapajd emplormdt or child labour should b.prohibitcd dd punishabl€ by la*,

t. Co@ntton on TLc Rlgltr Of ahc chitillRalfi.d by th€ Philippin.5on Jqly 26, r99olA/tide 2L Srat€sPdies recognjzeh. rignr of the ch dro be protccted from econohi. .xploitation ddlrom p€rrormins ay work that is likely to beh@aftlo!s.f to interfe.ewirh th. childs education,or 1o bc harmful to the childs h.dth or physi.al,mcnlal, spiritual,moral or socialdcv.lopnent.2. Slates Panies sh.ll t6Lc legislative,adninistralive, scial and educ.tionEl measur€s tdcnsurc the implementalion ot th. pft3ent afti.re.To this cnd, md havinB r.gard b the .el€vdtprovtsions of othtr internalion.l in.ltuments,StalcsPdties shai in pa iculd:la) Provide ror a minimum aec or minimum aseslor Admission o emplotnnent;lb ) Provi.ie lor app.opriAtc ngulatlon or thehours lnd co.diLionsorcmtloymcnlt and(cl Prolide ror approprialepcnailicso. olhersdnctionsLoensxrc thc .fi.ctnc cnforc€mentot tbe preEent rlicl..

{b) Thc cxploitariv€ use or childr€tr inprostitution or oth.r unla*Iul acdvityi{c) Th. cxDloitah{ us. ol childrcn inpomographicp.rforoeccs od Date.ials.Anicle 35

Stalca Pafli€s shall take all appropri:rtcnationar, bilat.ral dd multilarsal m.asur6 rop.ev€nt rhe abdu.tion or, sare ol or tratnc inchildren o. dy purp€e or in any fo.m

B, rIATION/IL LAWA1. Pblltpllrc Conttitutio!

Aa . Mantion oI Pri^cipl8 and .slare Polid?s.5a. ,3. Th. Stare reco8nizs thc vilal .olc ofrhe ydulh in narion-butlding dd shall p.omot. sdprolect heir physical,moral, spinrual, ntcll.ctual,md social wellbcins It shall inolcat€ in theyouit patriotism and nationalism, dd €ncouragcthen involv.m.nt in publi. dd.ivic afiatrs.

AtL. XV. The FamiuSec 3 Thc Stale shall defend:

anile 34States Panies shall un


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3I2. Child and Youth Wellarc Cod€ (P.D.6()3)

Aa. I Decltalian af P.h.A,. The Child isone of the most mportdi assets ol thc nation.Every efiort should be ex€rted io promote hisvellare and enhancehis opportuniiies or a uselul

Art 3 Rights fthe chiLd(11 Every child is endoq€dw,th the dignitymd rvorth or a humm beine from the moment olh,s concepton as gene.ally a.cepted in dedicz,lpdlance, and has, therelore ihe nght to be bo.n(2) Eve.y child has the rieht to a wholesomeImily lire that Mll providehlm nth lo!€, .de andund€rsrdding, gulddce md .ounselling, mdmo.dl dd mate.ial secunty.Th€ d€pendenlo. abandonedchild shall beprnlded sith the nea.esl substillte lor a homc.13) E!e.y child has th. rlght to a rvellroundcd development f h1sperso.alrly to the endthat he may becone a happy uselul and activeThe gifted child shall be given oppo.tunityard encolragem€nito develop is special alentsTh-- emotionallt disiurbed o. so.iallyoaradjusted cnild sball b€ treaied with sympathysd understandjng, and shall be eniille.l iotreatmen!dd conpeteni careTh€ physicallyor m€niallyhadicapped .hildshall b€ given the treabent, edu.ation dd .de.€qxn€d by nis pdticxld .ondnion.1.?) very .hild has rhe rlght to a bald.eddicr, adcquatc .lorhne, sufilcient sbelter,propef

medical attenuon, and all t he basic physic.lr€quiremenlsof a healthy and lreo.oustife.(5 )Everychild has the aghr !o b€ brought upin a atmosphereol mo.ahy ad recritude or theen.ichn€nt ard th€ strengthening {his chdacter.(6) Eve.y child has the risht to d educalion*iilr his abilities dd to thedevelopm€ni f his skils for th€ improvemenr f hiscapacily lor seRice to himsell Md ro his fello]men.(7) Every .hild has thc riehr to fullopportunitica for saJe and wholesome e$eationdd a.rilnies, indlvidral as well as social, or the{holesome use of his leisurehouis.(31Elerv child has the riqht to prot€ctron3Cel$!-9:d9te!iq,r4prap9!@3rC--aihs_!9!dr!!4! s! ! lto his Fhvsical.m€ntal. emotional. ocialdd moraldsfg!gp4s,:1! Iunde6connqsupplied.l19) Eve.y child has the righr ro lilc in acommunity dd a 6ociety hat cd ofier him denvifonment fre€ from pe.ni.ious lnnuen.es ddcondlcive to the promotion of his healrh md theculrivaiionoi his d€sirable aits md atrributes.(rO) EEry child has the right to the cde,assistdce, dd protectionolihe Siate,pdticuldlylllcn h,s parcntsor guddia.s lailo. de urabLe oprovde him [ith hls fundmental.eeds fo . growrh,dcNclopmcnt, nd improvement1l Ll Evcry child has the .ight io an eflicienrrnd honcstgolcrnmenl hat v,ll deepen is lairh in(icm..ra.y dd inspirc him viih tbe oo.ality ofther.nsltutcd althoritres both in iheir prbli. dd

112)Evcry ch,ldhas the fisht to s.ow up as ahf . indivdLhl , I nn arnosphereo1 peace,Lr ' , ( l0sr , tr ( l ' r ' [ ]oL!, , t r i . fn1,Lr .r l r ! t r1, ,"rL \v i l r r l t dfrcrmnral ion t ., ! ! r r i r l r re l" r l r ' " , ' , i l , . l t r ' ,1,1'n| f r lJct . .

'


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l2 IEGAT "ROIECTION OF CHI'D WORI{IRS MTI|IMT'T AGE OF EM?'-OYIIIETII 3lII, MINIMUU AGE OF EMPLOYMENT . E 'CEPUOXS PART , GENERALPROVIS]ONSAndel

l. Fdr the purposc of this con\ennon. th€term ind!sbialund€(a.king includespa.!iculdlyla ) nines, qudrics, dd otherwolks for thecxlracrionol minerals rom thc edth;{b) indrstics in whi.h articl.s de

mrufacru.ed, alrcr.d, .leaned, repajred,ornfficnrcd. fmish€d, adapred or sa.le, rokcn upor dcmolish€d, or rn whlch 4alenals dekansformed; includrnS shipbuilding. and lbeScncrotion, t.mslormatiob, dd iransmissron ofcl.ctricity dd molivdpowc.oldy khdi

A. IIIf ERIIA'IIOITAI, COI|VENTIOIf Sl. ILO CorverttoD No. 59CONVENTION IXINOTHE MINIMUMAGEFORADMISSIONOF CHILDRENTO INDUSTRIAL MPLOYMENT{REVISED 937)lRatiliedby the Philippines n May, 19601

fte Genersl Conferen.eof the InternationalHavinB be€r convcned at G.neva by thcCorcrning BodI of thc lnte.national Labour Ofice,dd haling mct n ns T$entt{hird Sessio.on 3Havin8 decidedupon the adopiionofccrtajnprdPoaais ith regard o the partGl .evisionol theconlcrtion lixins th € nininum asefo r admissjondf.hildren to industiil cmplotm€nladoprcdby the

Conlercnccat ils Fnsr Scssion, 'hich is rhc sixthircm on the as.nda oI (h . Session, dConsldering har thesep.oposalsmust tal{elhe lttrn ofd i.tcnrarional Conlenlon, adopts hisru€nrv-sccond dit of Jnne ol the ycar onethouslnd Dine huntlr.d and thirt!-scvcn, theroll{Nrna Conrnron. Nh,ch ma} b. .i..1 as ibcMinimum Ase llndusrr!) Conrention lRcvisedl,

mai.r.nance, repar alleranon.or d.Dolition ofrnJ blilding. raiNay, tramva:/, hdbour, dmk,pir., canal. nldd watcnay, road, tunncl bridge,\iadrct. se{e., drarn,wcll telegraphic . tclcphonicinstrlLil'o., elcctiical undcrtaling. Ba . work,wnl..work. or orberwork olconsrruction,a3 weu asrhr p'qrararion for or laying thc foundatiots ofdysu.h sork or stD.tu.ei dd,ld l lranspod oi pascnsers or soodsby roadrr rrrl or irldd $aL.nvat. including th€ hedltng,' l F,trxLs at docks, quaJs, wh6'.s, ddw,'rlrtr1scs, but excluding ranspodby band.2 Thc compelenl althonty in cach countryshrll {lrfinc the lile ol divisionvhl.h scptratestrnlusr,v rom commercc d agnclltur.

kl

| ( hLl{1, . ' rLr i 'k ' r lx rao of nf i . .n vearsr r ' I ! i ln f " t ,L, ,y 'l ' r Lv, t rk n rDy p!h lLc orI tr \ , i f lx lL ' t rr ' r l , r r | ! , [ ' , r , . ]L t r , 'nv b ' ,uch


39/246

lDo I PR('rECnOn Or CrfltD 90Pm* f, IrT'T ACE OF EI|PLOYXEIIT2. Provid€d hat, .xccpt in the case ofenploym.nr vhich, by their f,atur€ or thein whrch thcy ee cuied on, treddgcrous to the lite, hearfi or moials of rhepercons .hployed th-cin, nationd lavs orrcgul.t,ons may pemt such children ro h€chploycd in undertakings in vhich or y nembe.sof thc cdploycis fmily d cbploycd.

Artite 3Th. provisionsof this Conv.ntion shalt norapply o work doneby childrcn n t€chnicalschools,Providcd that such work i. approved ddsupcni3.d by pubticauthority.

Attic;le 4In o.ds to faci[rat. thc cnlorMem of thepdtdos of this Conventi@, €v..y .mptoy€r in stDdus.rial undcnakirA shall bc r.qui.ed to k€ep arcgistcr of all persons unde. $. agc of eishteeny.ds €mployedby him, &d of rhc dates of thei r

Atnde 5l ln .espectof emptoymcnrd hich,by theirin which rh€y decdi.d on, @ dogercus to thc lifc, healrh orDoQis of lh. perens cmploy.d rhcain, natidal{a) prcscribe a highcr ag. or aees rhrfifr.cn yeds for the adm ssron lh.r.to of younsp.rcon. or ador€s.emsi .{b) .npower d apprcpnatc aurhonq, ioprc...tb. a hiAh€r age or ag.s lhan nfteen yeus torlhc adnission therelo of youna persons or

2 The dnual r€Do.ts o bc submitiedund€rArticle 22 of thc Constitulion of th. Int.mationalLabour O.gdisalion shall in.lud€ iull informario!conc€min8 rh. ag. or ages p.esc.ibed by tetionallavs in puriudcc oi subpdasraph (a) or th€preceding pdagraph or conceroing lhe action ta!€nby th. appropriate authority h exe.ci$ of theporcrs co.t ftd upd it iD pursuucc orsubpda8raph (b) of .he pr€cdiDg pdagraph. astb€ casenay e

2. U,O ColEltlo! No. 13EIn 1973, the I^tematiaaat tnbou Co J.ren@ decided toestdbish nn Co ve^tian No. 138, n ge e@L nsttutuhl on chjLlabu uhich wkl g@dualv rcptoe those appliebte t limited@nMic se.io6 su.h 6 Lt) Con@nf@ No. 59, M:hitutu Agell^tt"str!); Ir/J Co @^tiot tlo. 10, Mini^lm age lAeidtturcl; ILIJConEntio No. SA, Miîûm Ase l*aX tlO ConEntio No. t23lun ters@na Work); etc. tLO cb Enio No. Ba is se erct ia.cope, an1 in ptinciple @EE aI e@nami. satorc aad dtgtnptolnent o. uarh uhettEt or ôt such e Pefored undet aconttuct oJ enploltneit It dttaus ienbilitu i^ thc fonuLatian onational laus bs prcriAing sullcie t ewptto s to th. mtnitum aseo! enptoyneat, @nditioêd b! natianal cietutdn@s ^nd the LeEoI the stan lor.ls alreadv dchteEd in eoch @ntry, Hdwkg ratitedthis conte^tion the Philippines, 6 etun leLd in Adide 1, shalnou ,nde'lake to puûe aoriMt policies aad legbtori@ dais@dto ensure the ell@tive aLb,,io^ oJ .hiLl l\.bt @.1 r. ,aiseprcgtessiEtg the niniûn agc oJ ernploum. r @E6rent uith thefuttest physicat o^d @ntdt .teretopwnt oI the c\td.

-


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L!4/U, PRc'TDCfiOI OF CEnD WOTXERS tnnlfur AcE oF ErrPLoYfEmMINIMUMAGECONVENTION,973CONVENTION ONCERNING INIMUMAGEFORADMISSION O EMPLOYMEMlRadn.d by rhe phirippind on aprit 6, l99al

Th. Gcneral Confe.encc ol th€ tntcmationalHavinA been conr.ncd at ceneva by iheOoye.ningBody of th€ hrcrnattonal rabour Ofic€dd having met in irs Fifty,€ighth S€ssionon 6Having deided upon the adoption ot..rtainproposals with .ega.d to minimum agc foradmrssion o employment,whlch is the fourth itenon lhe agendaoIthe session andNodng rhe t€ms ot rhe Mrimum Age(Indusry) Conyention, 1919, rhe Minimlm Ase(sea) Convcntion, 1920, rh€ Minimum Age{As.icultur.) convention, 1921, the Minimum Aa€(Trinm*6 dd Stokers) Convention, 1921, rheMinimum As€ (Nonlndustrial Enptoynentlconvenlion, 1932, th. Minimum Age lsea)convention lRevisedt, i936, the MinimuD Ase(Indusrry) Convenrion (Reriseo, 1937, theMinimum Ase (Non ndusrrial Enploymemlconvention (Revlsed), 937, ih. Mininun Ase(Fish€rmcn)Convention, 1959, md th€ MinimumAse (Unde.groundwork) CoDvcntion, 965,udcon3iderins thar rhc iime h.s .om. toestablish a general instum.dl on the .uuject,whtch would gradually replacc $e cxisrinR on€sapplicablc o limited economt. sectors,eilh a vievto achicvina hc 16talabolirionofchild labou!,ddHaringdete.mjn.d rhar rhis nsrrum.nt shdttake the fom of m inr.marional Conv.nrion.adopls rhis tv.nry si\th day ofJuneofrhet?.dooe

thousmd nin€ hurdrcd and scvenly hree thctoUowingConvention.vhich may be ciied as theMinimum AgeConleliion. 1973Ani.le I

Each M€dbcr lof which this Contennon s intorcc underrakcs to pu'sue a national Policyd.Eiened ro ensurc the efiectiveabolitidn ol childlabour dd to rals. p.ogr€ssiv€lyh€ ornimum aa.for adhission ro coplolr€nt or wo.k to a ld.l.onsisrent vilh the fulest physical ud mentaldcvelopment f youDgper$ns.anicle 2

l Ea.h Membe. shich ratifies thisCo.vcntion shall 3p.ciry, in a decldalion append.dto its ratfication, a minimum ag. tor admission locmpldyment or work vilhin ils lctnlory dd otmcans of transPor! .eg,stered rD ns terntoryisrbject to Ariicles 4 to 3 of this Conventior,no dne!nde. that ag€ shall be admitted o emPloyment rwork 'n ay occtpaoon2. Each Mcdber *hich has rndned rhisConvenrion may subsequendy nolify thcDtrectorCeneraloI th€ International&bour Oflicc,by lurther declarations ,hat it spcciliesa minimumntrchieher hd that previously p.cilied.3. Thc minimum aee sp.cilicd m pursdc.il narrlTrph I oI thrsArt.le shall not lE lcss therh. sRcofcomnlc'ion ofronpulsory schaoling rd,i'r nnv casc,shallnor bc less hm 15y€ds4 Norwirhsllndrng arc Provislons oft,drrxrr t ,h . l dl r IG Arrt l . . I ' Mfnbcr whoscc(. 'xnnv nl (n! irrrr tr l In ' lr rrs n'. n 'saf l i . icnr lv, ld?|, , t !11 n'{ l


41/246

39l8 llc^r PROTESIIOi OF Cm n TORXEnS TI TXT'I AOE OF IIPI'YTIXT

orgei$lion. or edploycrs &d workcr. conccmcrl,whcr.su.h.xist, initialy spcciEr minimum aScof5. E.ch Menber which has spcciicd ahinimum a8c of 14 yeas in pursudce oI th€provtsionsoflhc prccedingparagraphshall includctn tls r.porto on rhc applicationof this Convcntionsubhrucd und$ Aiicle 22 0t rhe consiiurior otih. lnt.rnaltonal labdui O.Caisanon a stat.ncrf(allhat irs.cason rordoins so sDbsistsior(b ) hat n r.nounc€sns nsht to avail t..lrortb . provision3 questiona. from a stat.d dai..

Anicle 3l. Thc oinimuu agc ao. adoission to dyrlF of.mplot!..t o. mrk which by ns narur. otthc crcud3ldc.s ir shich it is 6ied out is lik.lyb Jop..di4 th. hcalth, $Liy or horals of younsFr&nr !,hall not b. l.ss ths 13yers.2 Th. tF.s ol .mplolmenl o. work towhich paagraph I ol ihis Aiicl€ applics shall b.d.t.min.d by national laws or rqnlations or by

thc.omp.t.nt authonty, aJt--. onsultation ith rh.oraanisanons f employ.rs a.t workers.on.crned,

sp.ci6c instructiod or vocalionol lrdining n th'rc].vdt b.mch of acivilYAnicLe4

I In so fd as n.cc66dv, thc comP.tcntauthoritv. afterconsuhatiobvith thc orgmilalion."r .n.l;vers dd sorkers conc..n.di wh.r. such.xist, E;y .xclude rrom th. application of lhisconvcntion lioit€d catcgori.s of cmPlovncnt orwork in rcspect oI which sp.cial dd .ub.tsti.lprobl€ds of application d'..

2 Each Meobcr which r.tili.3 thisCon!.ntion sh.I lisl in its fir31 rcFd on th.alDl(ation ol rhc conY.ttion subdiit.d und.r^r;cb 22 of thc colstiluti.f, ot th. lnt.m.tionalLabour orsd'sbon mt atcgon.3 which nayh.v. b..n dclud.d m pxrsus(. ol psagr.Ph I oIrhis Anicl., giying ihc rca$ns for 3u.h .rclunonand shdl stat. in suls.qu.nl rcPods ln. P.![onof its law and practicc in re.P


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LEGN.LPROTECTIONOT CSIAD WORXERS INNIUU AGE OF EMPLOYUDM

2. Eeh Mcmbd which avails ir$If of thepmisions of paragraph I of rhis ani.b shallspecify, in a decldatidn appcnded ro irs rarification,rh€ brd.hes of. !onomr. acUvi, or rypes ofundertalangs o which ir qD appb l}reproqs,onsof3. Th. provisioncoi thc Convention traltbeapplicable s.. m'nLnum o thc fo ovng mrnrn8r. quarrylna manu,actunng. constru.rion.erectflcrtyj gas bd w.re.r smitajy seNic€s;trmsportj storage and communicarionr andpratatlons dd orher agriculrural unde.bLinssmanly producin8 tor commelcratpulroses. bulex.,uorng rdrry ud smalt scalc holdnesproducmsror local consumprronand nor rcptdivemployinqhir€d$orkcrs4. Any Memb€.which has limjled the scoDcor applicatjonof rhis Convennon , prrsudce;rrhisAnicrc:la l shal 'ndrcare n tr. repo{s und.. A.ticte22 oI lh- Concniur.n o l thc Inrcrnrnonal :bou.Orsonisation th. gEner.l portron ar regrds rheempbvfrenra wo'k .fyoung persons d.hLtdrenn the bff.lreq oraLlivirywhrchre erduded Lomthe s.ope olappll.arion ofthts Codventionbd uep.ogresswhich may hav. bccn nad€ towdds wide;applicatior of thc prolisi.ns of rhe Convenlion:(bl may al &y limc fornaty extend thescope or applicalion by a detararion addres*d tolhe Director-Cene.atof rh. Intemationat Labour

Aaicte 6, This Conventiondocsnot appty o vork donecnrar.n and you.s p.rsons in schools fo.

acneral, v@tional o. lcchnical €ducatio. dr mother traning ins.nutions. or to wo.k done bvp.rens at l€ast 14 ycds oI ag. in undertakings,where such work is cdri.d our in accordace with@lditids lr.scnb.d by ih. .omp€tert aurhdity,after consultalion wnh the oredisatims ofempLoy€rsdd work.rs .onccrncd, where suche*1st, dis d lnt4ral p{ r ot{a) a couN€ oi cducation or training fo r

which a school o. tlainioS institution is P.imdilv(!) a prosrmhe oi trainms mainlY or.ntirely in d und€ltaking, which progrume hasbcen appr@edby th€ cohpclcnt authorttyro.{cl a proglsnc ot guiddc€ or on€ntahondcsigned d facilit.t. lhe choiccofd ocaPation or

Anile 71 Natlonal laws or r.lulalions may pemillhc emplotmento. work of persons13 to 15 y€ss.iase on light wo.kwhich is :(a)not likely to b. hdmful to th€lr health or(b)nor such ss to prqudice rheir allendd.en( school, thcrr pa{icipation n vocalonarDricnlarotror baming prog!@m6 approved v iheromDcrcnr authority or thcir caPacity o ben€fitn6m thc instruclion rc..ived.2. Narional laws or r€gulalions mav al$D.r'nn th. cmPloymcnr r work ofpersons vho enr l.rsr t5 y.a.s of aR. |[r hato not te t compLtcdrlr.ir conrpllso.y s.horltrrs or work which meetsr[. rc,rutr.nlrrrr sri l,nrI r srl,Par.sraths (a)ddllr ldl D!rrH,rPh1 ) l lh ia A'rr l 'L!


43/246

a,tl LEOA|,PRoIECI|O|| Or c|llrp n/oRxERE3. Th€ conpet€nt autho.ny shajt determinethc activitics n which emptoym.nror work may bepermrttc.lunder pdasraphs I sd 2 otthis Afrr.t.sd 6hall prescribe rh€ numbcr ot hours dunnsvhich dd rhe condirioDs in which s!.;employmenlor work may be und.rt€t cn.4 Notwirhstading lb. prcvisjons ofpdagraphs l nd 2 of rhis Articlc,a M.mbd whichhas avtl.d irsellotrhe proqs,.ns ofpdasaoh4 olAii.lc 2 mar. Ior as tong as Ltcont,;uctto do soslbstitut. th€ ages 12 dd 14 for rhe aees 13 a;15 n p&aSraph I ud rhe age 14Jor h; ae tS inptraafaDh 2 of this Arti.te.

Ande a- I Aiier onsulubon wi'h rhe orAsr5ationsor emprolcrs dd workereconccrncd,where su.h.urnoirty may, by pemtrsardr.o rn md'qduat casessjlow cxcepr,ons o rhepronrDtuon n emplolmenror work proqded for narhcl. 2 oi rhis Convenrion, or such purpos€saspdticipation in dtistrc pedormanccs,

2. Permilsso grdted shall ihir the numberhours dunng which dd pr€scribc he cond ionswhich.mploynent or q,ork'e altowed.

3. National lsws or regulaltons or thecompetentauthority s|all p.es.ribethc registers rother documcnls vhich shall be kcpt dd madeavalable by th€ €mployerisuch rcgrsrds o. docuncnrs shall contain hc nMes dd agcsor dates oIbrth. duly ccnilied *ncrever poss,blc,of personsshom hc cmploysor rvhosDrk for him rd sho delcss rha l8 yetrs or aBeAnicLea

L This Convcntio! revlses,iorth in this Article, the Minimum Age (Industrylconvenlion t9l9 the Minlnun Age (S€alco.venlioD 1920, the Mininun Agc (Agriculture)convenlton, 1921, he Minimun ACe TdmnerssdSrokcrs) Convention, 1921, the Minimum Age(No.'lndusrri, Emplqdent)Convcnlion, 1932,theM,n,mDn As€ sealConvention Rcviscdl,1936, heMinimum Aac (Indusrry) convention (Re!ised),l()37. rhe Minimum Age {Non-lndusirialItmploym.nt) convention (Revis.d), 1937, theMrnimun Asc (Fishermen) onvcntion, 1959, ddrhr MnrinrumAse undeisround work) convention,

2 Thc coming mo lorce oi this Convention$rll nrr .l.,sc lhe Minimum Ag€ ISea)Convstion(rd\,s.rl), 1t36, th€ Minimum a8. 0ndustryl(l , vcnrnnr (Rcvised),1937, th. Minimum Age(Non.lndusrrialEnploymen!)con!.nlio. (Revised),lI)37, th. Minimum Age (Fish€nen) conv.nhon,ltrs(r, rnd tbc Mininun Ase lunde.Srolnd work)(!nvcnli,r, 1965,10furLhcr ati6cation3 lhr lvir irnruD [. ( lnduslrylcorvenlon,l ,r l( r l l r r MirnDuni AHf 1S.i ' )C,trv.t l io!, 1920,rh. MIIrn,n' A{. lAs'nr ' l r l r rr l rnr!cnlnnr, 921,r l r lre Mn'tr"r ' r ' r [ r l l ' r "trdk r"( l siokds)

Atncte 9L AII necesszrt measur€s, ncludins rhep.ovisionof appropriare .n,l ti€s, lhall bc taGn bvrhe.ompetent aufio.ity io ensurc thc efiectiveenfolccm.ntol th€ prdisions ot this convention.2 National laws or r.gurations o. thecomp.tcnl aurlrorftJ shrl d.inc rhe personsresponsiblc ror complrtrce wjrh rh€ Dr;visronssivinA.ttccr o rheCoDLenron


44/246

L?"C/I! PROTE]CNONOF CHTLDT|oRI(tS IIIIIIUI ^CE OF EIPT.OYXET'TCorvcntion, 1921. shall be clo3.d ro turiher.{!iica!on wh.n all th€ parri.s rh.rcto haveconsenr.d t. 3!.h closing by raiifi.ation or thisConvcnlion or by a d€cl&arion communicated othe Dn€ctoFc.ncral of th€ Inlcrbarionat Labour

4. When rhc obl,Aarionr6f rhis Conyentim

{a) by . Mcmbcr whi.h is s p'ty io rhcMinrmum AE. llndustrr) Convcntion (Fcvis.dt,1937,sd a minimum agcofnor l*s than lS vcdsis sp.ciii.d in pursuanc€ oi Articl. 2 of rhisconvcntion, this shall i,so lur. invotve rh€inocdiatc d.nunciatjon of thai co.v.nron;{b l in ..ep.ct of non-indu.rrial .mplo}mentas dcfilcd h thc Mnrmum As. (NonJndlstnalEmploJdcrrl Co8.ntior, 1932. by a M.mh€rshrch is a pdy to thar CodEntioD, rhrs shalt 6oJl t iDvoh. thc ihncdralc d.nunci.lon or;'ilc ) In r.spccr or non industrist .nptonedtos dciln.d ,n the M'nimum Ase (Non ;d;srnalEmploym.nt) Convention, (Revis.d), 1937, by aM.mb.r which is a paly lo thc Conv.ntion,md a

mrnrmumage ofnoi less hb l5 y.es is specinedrn puGuance of Adiclc 2 ol th6 conv.nrton, thisshall rpso./u'e nlolv€ thc mcdial. dcnunciation(d) in r6p6t ol nditjnc .nptoymcnt, by aMemh.r wh'ch i. a prly to thc Minimum Ase Sealconv.nlion lRcvig.d),1936,dd a ninimum ase ornot I*s thd 15ycds is spccifcd in pursuoce dfA.oclc 2 ofrhi. Convhrion orth. Mcmb.rGpeciiesthat A.ticl.3 ofrhis Convcntionapplica d oditimecmplolm.nr, thB shall i6o JUrc involv. thetmn.dia.. d.nuncialion oariat Convcntionl(.1 in (3pecr of cmployhcnt in mditimenshina, by a M.mb.r which is a pa.ry to rhe

Minimum Ag.lF shermen)Convcntion, 9s9,and aminihuh aaeor not less $an 15ycars s slEcin.din pursuanc. oI Ani.l€ 2 ol fiis Convcntionor th.Mcmhd .p.cin.s ftar Arliclc 3 of thi3 conventionapplica lo mdi.me 6shing, lhis 3h.ll lpso rtleinlolve rhc imo€diat€ d.nun.iarion of thatl0 by a M.mb.r uhich i3 a PanY b th.Mininun Ag. (Und.l8rould work) conv.ltioo,1965,sd a tunum ag. of nol l€3 lhd th. agc

sp.cilr.d in pursudc. of that conv.nrton tsspcciii.d in pursud.. of Arlicl€ 2 of thisconvcntion o. thc Memb.r sP.cin.6 that such sa8e applics |o cmPloymcntunderground n minesin virh,. .f a{i.l€ 3 oi this Conv.ntion. this 3h.llipso/aru nvoh. th. iM.diar. d.nunciationof thatconv.ntioni itad wh.n rhis conv.ntion sh.ll hav.

5 Acc.ptdc. of th. oblieationsof th'3(n l shall invol!€ th. dcnunciation or oreMnrimum Aac llndusriy) convcf,tiot, l9l9 insccordan.cwilh tu1icl€ 2 rh.r.olilb l in rdp.ct ol agri@klr. shsl] nvollc th .d.nun.,.iion ol the M,n'mum &c lAgricuhurclconvcnron, 1921, in accorddc. with Arn.l. 9lc ) in rcapet of odirim. .bPloyh.nt 3hallrnvolr. rhc dcnu.ciatio. ol!h. Minimum Asc {ScalcDnlrnrrrr, 1920, in accordscc wnh Artlcle lOrh.k,r. nnd ot th€ Minimum Asc (Trimmcrs edsrok.rs) convctr1i.n, 1921, in accordsc. wtthA iclc 12 rhcreoi: ir ed wh.n this Conv.ntionrhrll lrnvccom. into toicc.


45/246

UInr|'U'I AOE OFEMPLOruEIflII,GA' PROTDCITONOF CHIID WOITI(ERA

AnicLe 1Th. fomal ratificaiioDs of thb Convcntionshall bc communicated o thc Dir.ctor.O.r..sl otlhc Int.harioral Labour OInc. Ior r.gistration

Arncle 12l. Thb Convention shaU b. binding onlyupon tho6c MembeF of th. Ini.mariooa.l Labour

Orgdielion whose raril,cation. havc bce!registcrcd ith the DirecloFc.n.ral

crpirationot .ach periodoI ren vess und.r th'icm3 provid.d lor i! tbts ^rticle

2. lt shall con. into forcc re.lvc monrhsan r thc dat€ on *hi.h th. ratilietions ot teoMcmb.rs hav. been rcgi.t.ed with th.

Anicle 14L Th. Dir.ctor-O.rcral of the l.t.ma!o'alLabour Omc. shall notitv aI Membcrc ot rh'lf,r.hatio.al kbour Orcanisation of rh'rc*btaton ol .ll ratifi@tions md

-;municarcd 10 him bY the Mcmbd. or(h.

2. Wh.n notifyrng the MembcB of theOr.ursatron ol th. rcsrsrtuon of thc a'@nd*(ilt-ud -.m"--*d to hh rh 'otrcctoFc.ncr.l sh.il draw th. ottcnton of th 'M.mb.rs ol th. Otgm'ehon to thc dar' utonwhich lh. Convcnlion il come nto forc€A4ide 15

) Th. Oi.cdor C.n.ral oI ihc lnt.matronarL{bour Ol6c. .htll cdmunicate lo th 'S.crctd-O.ncral ol the Uniled Nations tor..","'.,,fu. "t acco'dflce ulh Adrl. lo2 of theLhndu ul lhc Unrleil Nauons ul l P€n(uld3 of allrorili.rtions and {cts of denunciation eg,st.rcdhvnrn in aLcordM.c virh the provisiods of rh 'Aniele 16

At 3!.[ limca as ir mav codsdcr ncccssatytlrc Oov..nmr Eudv of th. lntemabonel Ltbourrfr',. d,all b;csunt ro rhe ceneral confcr.n.. arcDUrtun lhc worl'nA nf LhLs on\entrondd shall.x;nrrr . rht duHrr ' lnl, tv r PlJ.rnB n the agcnda Ith . (l lir.n.. rhr q!r$ri,nr orits revision n wholc

3. Ther€aier, this Convcnuon shall comcrto tor.. for ry Memb.r sclv. honth. .i.r &edat.on *hich irs ratilieton has bc€n r.gist...dArti.le 13

r A Member *hich h$ rali6..l thi3conv.ntion may dmounce it aftcr th. .xpiration oItcn ycas trom the .late on whi.n rh. Conv.nrionfirsr con.s itrto aorcc, hy m aci coomunicarcd tothe Dn.ctor Generar of thc lnrcmational kbouromc. for rcsistration. sDch dcnunciatron shall .o!lak. .fi..t unlil one ycd alt . rhc dat. on which n

2, Erh Member which has rarifi.d lhisConvcnlion ed which do€s not, within the ycdfollowins L!1c xpiration of thc p*iod ol tcn yedsm.nlioncd in the pre.edingpa!a8.6ph exercise he.ish! or dcnun.iation providcd or in this Ar!i.l€,siU b. bound lor dothe. pcriod oi tcn ycss Md,tn.r.altc., may denounce his Convcnlion at rh.

IIt


46/246

lzrrl rto'ttctioi or crn n xonrlna Il'llrrr ^Gr or lrrarrrrt

la) rb. r.tific.tio! by a Memb.r of th. ncwrdilina Cdv.nlion sban &so jud irrclv. th.immcdiat d.nunciation of thF Convhtid,norvnhlt6d'n8 rhc p.ovi.ions of Ani.l. 13, abd€,if 6d wh.n th. ncw.cvi.ing Convatiod shdl haw

(b) a3 rrcm thc datc when the n.w rcvi€ingConv€ntion @mc! into forc. this Conv.ntion 6hallc..* ro bc oFd to r ili.ation by th€ McmbcB,2. Thi. Conv.nrion shax in dy .a rcoai.in rde in n. ..tud tom ed dtmr for rho&MotEF rlhich hN. r.tfi..t it btrl hac not arilcdrhc r.vb.d Conv.nrid.

Arti.L 17l Should th. conr€rcnc. adofl e Dcwconv.nlion rcvi.i4 !hi! conv.nrion in wholc or inpst, thcn, unl... !h. n* Convention thcsiE.

RECOMMENDAllON COI'ICERNINOMINIMUMACEFORADMISSION O EMPLOYMENT

Noti.g ih. tnem oI th. whol. Unit dN.rim! sFtd *irh .u.h Drotdtid ddHavi.g adopredConv.ntion, 1973,mdDBirous to detrn tuilEr ertain .l.n.nb or

policy which dc the co.em ol th. lnr.mationdL€bour OrSanisa.ion,ldHsving decided upon th. adoption of c.rtdnproposals resddins minimuh ag. for adnbEion tocmploym.nt, which is lhc fotrrth it.n on tlcdgcnd! ofthc se66ioD, ndHivins dcl.mincd th6l rh.e Prop6.l! !h.llt.t. lh. lom ota [email protected] supPl.h.ntDgrh . Minihrm Aac Convcnrnn,1973:

Thc G.ncrarconier.nc. of th€ IntcrnationdlH.ving b.cn cdv6.d ar Ocnda by [email protected] Body or rh. rntm.tld.t labour Ome,sd hEving @r in it. Fifty{ighth S.$ion on 6R.cognhina rhat thc .ficctirc abolition orchild labou. dd lhc p.oarc8!i!. rabing or |hcminimuB aEE fo. admi.6ion to .Eployn nton.ritutc only one sFct ol thc Pretetiod 6dadvsc.B.nt of chnd!.n dd younaFe@G, ud

A,icle 18Thc Engli.h sd Frcnch v6sid. ol thc tcxloI rhi. Con!.ntid d. .quatly authoritatiE.2.1 IL R.o6n n&tior lro. 146

Re@m eddati.ns a! tbc ILo dre inrended a atler guidelinesIar actiortbs êmber States ILOReNnnenaatio No. 146 hB thesdm. eh2e a. LA Ca^@^tion No. lsa i^ that it prcDides aJmneuo^ Ior dquirq-up ôrioôt laus, rcsulati.B andprogtunsofpladi@t actio on.hid labar.

rh. Minimun Ag.


47/246

frxrro ^CE OF En?tOY[EXr

1. To ensure ihe su..ess ol th€ nationalpolicy providcd or in Articl€ I otih€ Minimum AAeConvcntion,1973, hrghpriority shouLdbe giv€n oplanning o! ed me€ting h€ ne€dsofchildren odyouth in national ddelopmcnt polic'€s mdprogrammcs d to the prog.csslve xtensionoltheinter-tlated ncasures necessdy to proude rhebest possible conditions ol physL.al dd m€ntalsroMh lo! children ud younspersons.

2. ln this corneclion special allentionshould bc given to slch de6 of ploning mdpolrcyas thc follovins:(al nrn national colmilment to rulleDployo.nt, in a..o.ddce vith the EmploymentPolicyConventio.dd Re.ommendation. 964,ddlhe ta.king oI m€asur€s designed to Pbmorcemploymcnt-ori€nrcddevelopm.nt in rural ddlb l the pros..ssiv€ extensLon or otherc.onomic dd soclal m€asu.€s o alleviatepoverrywhercvcr it .rsts md to ensure fmily livtng

standardsmd incomewhich re such asio makenu.nece..arY to have recoulse(c) thc d€nelopment @d P.ogress'v€extension, vithout any dis.rimination, of socials€cu.ity dd iMily velfde measuies amed atcruurins child maint€ndce, lncludils childrensld ) ftc developnent ud Prosressr!.€stension oi adcquate acilities for educaton ddlocaiional ori.nlarjon md tlainin8 appropnat mton dd cont.nt 10 hc needsof th€ chndren &dyoung pe.sonscdnc.ft ed;(e l rhc development md PrcEressiverxtrsnnr of rpD()Dri.rc faolities for thc pr.tfc.ion

dd w.Ifde of chLldr.n and youne p.rsons.includng employed toung p€lsons, &d ior thepromotionoltheir develoPment3. Pdti.uld account should as necessarybe tal.n of the needs ol childr€n md younspersonswho do nol hale tamiliesor do notlive withtheir oM fmilles. Measurcs olcn to that €ndshould inctude the provision of lcllowships dd.1 . Full-hme allcndece at school o!pdli.ipation in approvedvocanonalortentationorraining progrmes should h. r.quircd andettectilely €'sured up r. m agc at l.ast .qual torhat sp€cited for admission lo.mplolm.nt inaccorddce sith Anicle 2 df rhc Minimum ase5. (11 Considerationshould b. givcn tom.asur€s such as prepdatory taining. notrnloning hadds, for rypesof.mployment or workin respectolvhich th€ dlnimum a8. prcacnbed n.ccordace wiih Arli.le 3 of thc Mnimum ACeC.nvenrion. 1973, is higbe. th6 thc age of

.omplelion ol compulsory ull-rime3choolinS.(2)Anarosousmeasuresshould be envisssedwhc.e the profcssionalexig.ncics of a psticuldoccrparion in.iud.

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