Once upon a time…. Not so far away

This is a story of four people. These people were not aware of it – but

they were all meant to be connected through one key aspect…

Jeremiah

Meet Jeremiah AKA the "Weeping

prophet“ authoring the Book of

Jeremiah, Kings 1, Kings 2

Jeremiah likes walks on the beach, cursing his enemies and breaking earthenware bottles.

Adolf

Meet Adolf Adolf is a painter Adolf weeps himself to

sleep at night (it has nothing to do with all the Jews he killed, though….)

Known for his attempt of trying to take over the world

Adolf

Also known for his attempts of collaborations with the following:

Snir & Amir

Snir & Amir are students at the ECE School at BGU.

They like TV, hangouts and spending time with their girlfriends.

They wept once a week this semester, at Sunday morning.

Data Encryption

AndCode

cracking

Encryption timeline

- Old age cryptography

- New age cryptography

- Cryptography until the mid 20th century

- Modern cryptography

OLD AGE CRYPTOGRAPHY

The earliest use of cryptography found in hieroglyphs from the Old Kingdom of Egypt circa 1900 BC.

Jeremiah made use of substitution ciphers (such as the Atbash cipher) around 500 to 600 BC.

Amir also uses Atbash cipher for his grocery list, which makes Sivan, his girlfriend, abuse him physically once a week.

NEW AGE CRYPTOGRAPHY

Anagrams were used by the pope and scientist like Galileo to hide secrets or to prove ownership on discoveries.

The Scottish queen Mary was executed after the code she used to communicate with novels who wanted to expel queen Elizabeth was cracked.

NEW AGE CRYPTOGRAPHY

These days were also the time when decoding encryption has begun.

In the 9th century an Iraqi man named Al Kandy developed a decoding method based on the analysis of frequencies in order to locate the common letters in an encrypted text and in that way to guess the rest of the words.

In the 21st century an Iraqi man named Shlomo Hava went on Sabbatical

Cryptography until the mid 20th century

Charles Babbage's work on mathematical cryptanalysis of polyalphabetic ciphers

The only unbreakable cipher, the One Time Pad

Adolf made heavy use, in several variants, of an electromechanical rotor machine known as Enigma

Modern Cryptography – Data Encryption : Computers

Wifi is widely used with encryption algorithms Snir & Amir made a vast use of the above during this

semester. The longer the key is, the more difficult it is to crack

the code Introduction of the public-key Data Encryption Standard (DES), a symmetric-key

cipher Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Brute Force Brutus, one of Jeremiah’s enemies,

tried cracking Atbash using brute force

Modern Cryptography – Data Encryption : Computers

Secure Socket Layer, or SSL Claude E. Shannon is considered by many to

be the father of mathematical cryptography “Unbreakability” of a cipher Hashing is a common

technique used incryptography to encodeinformation quickly usingtypical algorithms

Modern Cryptography – Data Encryption

Calculation Challenge Bottle-necks:

Subjective to Decipher algorithms Mainly occurs on

administrative tasks,no so much at calclations

Uniqueness: Subjective to Encryption

type used1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Unbreakabilty

Seria

l Dec

iphe

ring

time

Modern Cryptography – Data Encryption

Calculation Challenge – Parallel scheme

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

100

200

300

400

500

600

Unbreakability

Par

alle

l Dec

iphe

ring

time

with

var

iant

num

ber

of p

roce

sses

Modern Cryptography – Data Encryption : Solution Techniques

MPI Multi-process shared or distributed memory process has its own local variables

openMP Multi-process easier to program and debug gradual parallelization

Condor Multi-core

What If…

Brutus would have used openMP Jeremiah’s Atbash code

deciphering Speedup ~ Process num up to 22 Speedup max at 22

procs Efficiency ~ Amount

of CPU’s that Brutuslifts

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5x 10

4

Unbreakability

Brutus uses Brute-ForceBrutus uses MPI

What If…

Snir & Amir were not to use parallel schemes

Speeddown ~ exp(num’ of cores) Deficiency – We do not recommend

serial schemes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5x 10

4

Unbreakability

DeficiencySerial

What If…

The Allied Forces were to use Condor Adolf’s plans were to be sabotaged

earlier Speedup ~ num’ of Enimga Machine

wheels Efficiency – Irrelevant to the Allied Forces

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5x 10

8

Unbreakability

Allied use of regular methodsAllied use of Condor

Bibliography

http://research.cs.wisc.edu/htcondor/ Clay Breshears - The Art of Concurrency: A Thread

Monkey's Guide to Writing Parallel Applications William Gropp - Using MPI - 2nd Edition: Portable Parallel

Programming with the Message Passing Interface http://tel-zur.net/teaching/bgu/pp/index2014A.html http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rc/classes/intro_mpi/ https://computing.llnl.gov/tutorials/parallel_comp/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cryptography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anagram